Kufanele Uthole Nini Umkhuhlane Womkhuhlane Futhi Kufanele Uhlale Isikhathi Eside Kangakanani?

-Delile

• Usebenza kanjani umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane
• Lapho umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uqala ukusebenza
• Umkhuhlane udonsa isikhathi esingakanani
• Ungawuthola nini umkhuhlane
• Ihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani imiphumela emibi
• Izici zomkhuhlane zisebenza kahle
• Ngubani okufanele athole umkhuhlane? Ngubani ongafanele?
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) ukutheleleka okuphefumula ngegciwane okuthinta izigidi zabantu unyaka nonyaka. Njengoba singena enkathini yomkhuhlane e-United States ngesikhathi sobhadane lwe-COVID-19, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela nokuthi ungayivimbela kanjani.

Njalo ngonyaka, imithi yokugomela umkhuhlane iyakhiwa ukuvikela ezifweni ezivame ukusakazeka kakhulu. Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka kuyindlela engcono yokuzivikela ekuguleni ngomkhuhlane.

Kodwa usebenza kanjani umuthi wokugoma? Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani, futhi isikhathi esihle sokuyithola nini? Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi.

Usebenza kanjani umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane

Ukuthuthukiswa komuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka empeleni kuqala izinyanga eziningi ngaphambi kwenkathi yomkhuhlane. Amagciwane asetshenziswe emuthini wokugoma asuselwa ocwaningweni olunzulu nasekubhekeni ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyovame kakhulu ngenkathi ezayo.

Imishanguzo yesikhashana yomkhuhlane ivikela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zamagciwane womkhuhlane: umkhuhlane A nomkhuhlane B. Kungabuye kube okulinganayo noma okune-quadrivalent.

Umuthi wokugoma owehlisayo uvikela amagciwane omkhuhlane amathathu: amagciwane amabili womkhuhlane A negciwane lomkhuhlane B.

Umuthi wokugomela i-quadrivalent uvikela kuma-virus amathathu afanayo nomuthi wokugoma owehlisayo, kepha futhi uhlanganisa ne-virus eyengeziwe yomkhuhlane B.

Lapho umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uqala ukusebenza

Lapho usuthole umkhuhlane wakho, kuthatha amasonto amabili ukuthi umzimba wakho wakhe amasosha omzimba ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi, usengcupheni yokugula ngomkhuhlane.

Ngaleso sikhathi, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu uku:

• zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka
• gwema ukuthinta ikhala noma umlomo uma kungenzeka
• gwema izixuku uma umkhuhlane usakazeka emphakathini wakho

Lezi zixwayiso zibaluleke kakhulu ngenkathi i-COVID-19 iseyisici. Ungaba nomkhuhlane kanye nezinye izifo zokuphefumula, ngakho-ke ukuzivikela wena nabanye kubalulekile.

Umkhuhlane udonsa isikhathi esingakanani

Ukuzivikela komzimba wakho kumkhuhlane kuyehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso noma ngabe ube nokugoma noma ukutheleleka komkhuhlane.

Ngokwengeziwe, amagciwane omkhuhlane ahlala eshintsha. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuthi wokugoma ovela esikhathini sangaphambilini somkhuhlane kungenzeka ungakuvikeli ngenkathi ezayo yomkhuhlane.

Ngokuvamile, ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka kufanele kukusize ukukuvikela isikhathi sonyaka wamanje womkhuhlane.

Uzodinga ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka njalo ngonyaka ukuze ube nokuvikelwa okuhle kakhulu kumagciwane omkhuhlane.

Ungawuthola nini umkhuhlane

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ukhiqizwa ngabakhiqizi abaningi abazimele futhi uvame ukuqala ukuthunyelwa kubahlinzeki bezempilo ngo-Agasti. Kodwa-ke, kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi kungahle kungabi nzuzo ukuthola umuthi wakho wokugoma kusenesikhathi.

Okukhonjisiwe ukuthi ukungavikeleki okuphezulu kutholakala ngemuva nje kokugoma futhi kwehla njalo ngenyanga edlule. Ngakho-ke, uma uthola umuthi wakho wokugoma ngo-Agasti, ungahle uthambekele ekuthelelekeni ngasekupheleni kwenkathi yomkhuhlane, cishe ngoFebhuwari noma ngoMashi.

Okunconywayo ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi womkhuhlane uqale ukwenzeka emphakathini wakho, empeleni ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.

Uma uthola umuthi wakho wokugoma kamuva, ungakhathazeki. Ukugonywa okwenziwa ngemuva kwesikhathi kusenganikeza ukuvikelwa okwanele, njengoba umkhuhlane ungazungeza emphakathini wakho ngoMashi noma ngisho kamuva.

Ihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani imiphumela emibi

Ukudutshulwa komkhuhlane kwenziwa ngegciwane elingasebenzi, okusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthuthukisa umkhuhlane kusuka kumuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka. Kodwa kunemiphumela engemihle eminingi ongayithola ngemuva kokuyithola.

Imiphumela emibi evela ekudutshulweni komkhuhlane imnene futhi ihlala kuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Imiphumela emibi yokugomela umkhuhlane ingafaka:

• ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukukhathazeka endaweni yokujova
• umkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi
• ubuhlungu obujwayelekile nezinhlungu

Izici zomkhuhlane zisebenza kahle

Amagciwane omkhuhlane ahlala eshintsha futhi ethuthuka ngokushesha. Amagciwane omkhuhlane ajikelezayo angashintsha ukusuka enkathini eyodwa kuye kwesilandelayo.

Abaphenyi kudingeka bakhethe amagciwane athile womkhuhlane ukuze bawafake emuthini wezinyanga eziningi ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yomkhuhlane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi okusemuthini wokugoma kungahle kungafani ngaso sonke isikhathi nalokho okusakazwa empeleni phakathi nenkathi yomkhuhlane. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukusebenza komuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka.

Iminyaka nayo ingadlala indima ekusebenzeni kokugoma ngoba amasosha akho omzimba athanda ukuba buthakathaka njengoba ukhula. UMnyango uvume umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane onomthamo omkhulu (i-Fluzone High-Dose) wabantu abangama-65 nangaphezulu.

Umthamo ophakeme uhlose ukuhlinzeka ngempendulo engcono yokuzivikela ezifweni ngakho-ke ukuvikelwa okungcono kuleli qembu lobudala. kubonisile kulabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 ngomuthi wokugomela umthamo omkhulu.

Futhi kuncoma ukuthi ezinye izingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha neminyaka eyisishiyagalombili zithola imithamo emibili yomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ngenkathi yokuqala lapho zigonyelwe khona ukuze zithole ukuvikeleka okwanele.

Kusengenzeka ukuthola umkhuhlane ngemuva kokugonywa, kodwa ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukugula kungaba kuncane kakhulu nokuthi abantu abathola umkhuhlane kungenzeka bangavunyelwa ukungena esibhedlela uma bethola umkhuhlane.

Ngubani okufanele athole umkhuhlane? Ngubani ongafanele?

Abantu abangaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala kufanele bathole umkhuhlane odutshulwe unyaka nonyaka.

Kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abasengozini eyengeziwe yezinkinga ezihlobene nomkhuhlane ukuba bagonywe.

Lokhu kufaka:

• abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50
• noma ngubani onezimo zezokwelapha ezingalapheki
• abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• izingane eziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha neminyaka emihlanu ubudala
• abantu abaneminyaka engu-18 nangaphansi abathola ukwelashwa ngama-aspirin
• abesifazane abakhulelwe nabesifazane kuze kube amasonto ama-2 ngemuva kokukhulelwa
• abantu abanesisindo somzimba esingama-40 noma ngaphezulu
• AmaNdiya aseMelika noma aboMdabu base-Alaska
• abasebenzi bezempilo
• noma ngubani ohlala noma osebenza ekhaya labahlengikazi noma esikhungweni sokunakekelwa okungalapheki
• abanakekeli banoma yikuphi okungenhla

Izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala akufanele zithole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane. Ukuvikela lezi zingane ekungenweni yigciwane, wonke amalungu omndeni noma abanakekeli kufanele bagonywe.

Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-herd immunity futhi kuzosiza ukuvikela labo abangakwazi ukuthola umuthi wokugoma.

Ngokwengeziwe, uma njengamanje ugula ngesifo esibuhlungu, kungadingeka ukuthi ulinde uze ube ngcono ukuthola umuthi wokugoma.

Ngaphambi kokugonywa, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho uma ngabe uke waba:

• ukusabela okweqile komuthi wokugoma womkhuhlane
• izinkinga ezivela emithini yokugoma
• Isifo se-Guillain-Barré

Lezi zinto zingakhombisa ukuthi akufanele uthole umkhuhlane. Kepha hlola nodokotela wakho ukubona ukuthi bancomelani.

Imikhuhlane eminingi iqukethe inani elincane lamaprotheni amaqanda. Uma unomlando wokungezwani namaqanda, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola umkhuhlane.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Amagciwane omkhuhlane abanga ubhadane lwezifo zonyaka zokuphefumula minyaka yonke kanti kulo nyaka kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobhadane lwe-COVID-19 oluqhubekayo. Ngenkathi abanye abantu bengathola ukugula okuncane, abanye (ikakhulukazi amaqembu athile asengozini enkulu) bangathola ukutheleleka okubi kakhulu okudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.

Ukuthola umkhuhlane wakho unyaka nonyaka kuyindlela engcono yokunciphisa amathuba akho okugula ngomkhuhlane. Ukwengeza, lapho abantu abaningi bethola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane, igciwane alikwazi ukuzungeza emphakathini.

Kufanele uhlose ukuthola umkhuhlane wakho udutshulwa njalo lapho kuwela ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi wegciwane lomkhuhlane uqale ukukhuphuka endaweni yakho.

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuxhumana nabanye futhi uhlolwe umkhuhlane kanye ne-COVID-19.