I-Naloxone Ikusindisa Kanjani Ukuphila ku-Opioid Overdose

-Delile

• Uhlaka Lwevidiyo
• Okulotshiwe
• Imininingwane Yevidiyo

Uhlaka Lwevidiyo

Yini i-opioid?

0:41 Isingeniso seNaloxone

0:59 Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile kwe-opioid

1:25 Inikezwa kanjani i-naloxone?

1:50 Isebenza kanjani i-naloxone?

2:13 Uwuthinta kanjani umzimba ama-opioid?

3: 04 Izimpawu zokuhoxa ze-Opioid

3:18 Ukubekezelelana

3:32 Ukuthi ukweqisa izidakamizwa ngokwe-opioid kungaholela ekufeni

4: 39 NIH HEAL Initiative kanye nocwaningo lweNIDA

Okulotshiwe

I-Naloxone Ikusindisa Kanjani Ukuphila ku-Opioid Overdose

INALOXONE ILONDOLOZA IMPILO.

Asikho isikhathi sokuhlala ungenzi lutho. Bayanda abantu ababulawa ukweqisa ngokweqile okuthandwa yi-heroin, fentanyl, nemithi yezinhlungu kadokotela efana ne-oxycodone ne-hydrocodone. Zonke lezi yizibonelo zama-opioid.

Ama-opioid yizidakamizwa ezitholakala esitshalweni se-opium poppy noma ezenziwe elebhu. Bangakwazi ukwelapha ubuhlungu, ukukhwehlela kanye nohudo. Kepha ama-opioid nawo angaba umlutha futhi abulale nokubulala.

Inani lokushona kwe-opioid overdose lenyuke ngaphezulu kuka-400% kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, manje kulahleka amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu minyaka yonke.

Kepha ukufa okuningi kungavinjelwa ngokwelashwa okusindisa impilo: naloxone.

Uma inikezwa khona manjalo, i-naloxone ingasebenza ngemizuzu ukubuyisa ukweqisa izidakamizwa. INaloxone iphephile, inemiphumela engemihle embalwa, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zingalawulwa abangani nomndeni.

I-naloxone isetshenziswa nini?

Ungasindisa impilo. Okokuqala, qaphela izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile:

• Umzimba we-Limp
• Mhlophe, ubuso obumbumbulu
• Izinzipho noma izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Imisindo yokuhlanza noma yokugaya
• Ukungakwazi ukukhuluma noma ukuvuswa
• Ukuphefumula kancane noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo

Uma ubona lezi zimpawu, shayela u-911 ngokushesha bese ucabanga ukusetshenziswa kwe-naloxone uma ikhona.

Inikezwa kanjani i-naloxone?

Amalungiselelo asekhaya afaka isifutho samakhala esinikezwa umuntu ngenkathi elele ngomhlane noma ithuluzi elifaka umuthi othangeni ngokuzenzekelayo. Kwesinye isikhathi kudingeka umthamo ongaphezu kowodwa.

Ukuphefumula komuntu nakho kudinga ukubhekwa. Uma umuntu eyeka ukuphefumula, cabanga ngokuphefumula kokutakula ne-CPR uma uqeqeshiwe kuze kufike abaphenduli bokuqala.

Isebenza kanjani i-naloxone?

INaloxone ingumphikisi we-opioid, okusho ukuthi ivimba ama-opioid receptors ukuthi angasebenzi. Idonseke kakhulu kuma-receptors kangangokuba idonsa amanye ama-opioid. Lapho ama-opioid ehleli kuma-receptors awo, aguqula umsebenzi weseli.

Ama-receptors e-opioid atholakala kumaseli ezinzwa nxazonke zomzimba:

• Ebuchosheni, ama-opioid akhiqiza imizwa yenduduzo nokulala.
• Ku-brainstem, ama-opioid akhulula ukuphefumula futhi anciphise ukukhwehlela.
• Emgodini womgogodla nezinzwa zomngcele, ama-opioid anciphisa amasignali obuhlungu.
• Emgodini wamathumbu, ama-opioid ayaqunjelwa.

Lezi zenzo ze-opioid zingasiza! Umzimba empeleni ukhiqiza ama-opioid awo abizwa nge- "endorphins," asiza ukuzola umzimba ngezikhathi zengcindezi. Ama-Endorphin asiza ukukhiqiza "umgijimi ophakeme" osiza abagijimi be-marathon ukuthi badlule emijahweni ekhathazayo.

Kodwa izidakamizwa ze-opioid, njengemithi yezinhlungu kadokotela noma i-heroin, inemiphumela enamandla kakhulu ye-opioid. Futhi ziyingozi kakhulu.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-opioid kaningi kwenza umzimba uncike emithini. Lapho ama-opioid esuswa, umzimba uphendula ngezimpawu zokuhoxa ezinjengekhanda, ukugijima kwenhliziyo, ukujuluka, ukubuyisa, uhudo, nokuthuthumela. Kwabaningi, izimpawu zizizwa zingabekezeleleki.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-opioid receptors nawo awaphenduli kangako futhi umzimba uba nokubekezelela izidakamizwa. Kudingeka izidakamizwa eziningi ukukhiqiza imiphumela efanayo ... okwenza ukweqisa ngokweqile kube lula.

Ukweqisa ngokweqile kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ngomphumela wawo ku-brainstem, ukuphefumula okuphumuzayo. Ukuphefumula kungakhululeka kakhulu kuze kuyeke… okuholela ekufeni.

INaloxone idonsa ama-opioid kuma-receptors awo nxazonke zomzimba. Ku-brainstem, i-naloxone ingabuyisa idrayivu yokuphefumula. Futhi ugcine impilo.

Kepha noma ngabe i-naloxone iphumelela, ama-opioid asazulazula, ngakho-ke ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kufanele kutholakale ngokushesha okukhulu. INaloxone isebenza imizuzu engama-30-90 ngaphambi kokuthi ama-opioid abuyele kuma-receptors awo.

INaloxone ingakhuthaza ukuhoxa ngoba ingqongqoza ngokushesha kuma-opioid abo. Kepha uma kungenjalo i-naloxone iphephile futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi ikhiqize imiphumela emibi.

INaloxone isindisa izimpilo. Kusuka ku-1996 kuya ku-2014, okungenani ama-opioid overdoses angama-26,500 e-United States abuyiselwa emuva ngabasekeli besebenzisa i-naloxone.

Ngenkathi i-naloxone iyindlela yokwelapha engasindisa impilo, kuningi okudinga ukwenziwa ukuxazulula ubhadane lwe-opioid overdose.

I-National Institutes of Health yethule i-HEAL Initiative ngonyaka we-2018, yandisa ucwaningo kuwo wonke ama-NIH Institutes kanye namaCent ukuze kusheshiswe izixazululo zesayensi enkingeni kazwelonke ye-opioid. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukwenza ngcono ukwelashwa kokusebenzisa kabi i-opioid nokulutha, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphathwa kobuhlungu. I-National Institute on Drug Abuse, noma i-NIDA, iyisikhungo esihola phambili se-NIH sokucwaninga ngokusetshenziswa kabi kwe-opioid nokulutha, futhi ukwesekwa kwayo kusize ukwenziwa kwesifutho se-naloxone nasal esisebenziseka kalula.

Ngeminye imininingwane, bheka iwebhusayithi yakwa-NIDA ku- drugabuse.gov bese useshe i- “naloxone,” noma uvakashele i-nih.gov bese useshe i- “NIH heal initiative” Imininingwane ejwayelekile ye-opioid ingatholakala nakuMedlinePlus.gov.

Le vidiyo ikhiqizwe ngabakwaMedlinePlus, umthombo othembekile wolwazi lwezempilo ovela kuNational Library of Medicine.

Imininingwane Yevidiyo

Ishicilelwe ngoJanuwari 15, 2019

Buka le vidiyo ohlwini lwadlalwayo lweMedlinePlus esiteshini se-YouTube se-U.S. National Library of Medicine ku: https://youtu.be/cssRZEI9ujY

ISILINGANISO: UJeff Day

UKULANDISA: UJosie Anderson

UMCULO: "Ukuphumula", nguDimitris Mann; "Ukukhuthazela Test", ngu-Eric Chevalier; Insimbi ethi “Anxiety”, kaJimmi Jan Joakim Hallstrom, uJohn Henry Andersson