Izinkundla Zokuxhumana Zibulala Ubungani Bakho

-Delile

• Kukhona amandla obungani, ngisho naku-inthanethi
• Kunemiphumela emazingeni akho wamandla lapho uhlanganyela kumazwana abekiwe
• Konke ukuthanda futhi akukho ukudlala kungenza isizukulwane esinesizungu
• Imithombo yezokuxhumana izwe elisha, futhi lisadinga imithetho

Uhloselwe ukuba nabangane abayi-150 kuphela. Manje… kuthiwani ngemithombo yezokuxhumana?

Akekho umuntu ongaziwa ngokujula ngokujulile emgodini wonogwaja we-Facebook. Uyasazi isimo. Kimi, kunguLwesibili ebusuku futhi ngiyaphumula embhedeni, ngiphenya ngokungenangqondo "kancane," lapho isigamu sehora kamuva, angisondele ekuphumuleni. Ngizophawula kokuthunyelwe ngumngani bese i-Facebook iphakamisa ukuthi ngibe nobungane kulowo ebengifunda naye ekilasini, kepha esikhundleni sokwenza lokho, ngizohlola imininingwane yabo ngifunde ngeminyaka embalwa edlule yokuphila kwabo… ngize ngibone i-athikili engithumela phansi ukuvunguza kocwaningo nesigaba sokuphawula eshiya ubuchopho bami ku-hyperdrive.

Ngakusasa ekuseni, ngivuka ngizizwa ngikhathele.

Mhlawumbe ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyisa ubuso bethu njengoba sihamba phakathi kokuphakelayo nabangane kufanele kusolwe ngokuphazamisa umjikelezo wethu wokulala. Ukungavulwa kungachaza ubugagu nokucasuka umuntu anakho. Noma kungaba enye into.

Mhlawumbe, njengoba sizitshela ukuthi siku-inthanethi ukuhlala sixhumekile, ngokungazi sikhipha amandla ethu ezenhlalo ekuxhumaneni nabantu. Kuthiwani uma konke ukuthanda, inhliziyo, nokuphendula esikunikeza umuntu oku-inthanethi empeleni kususa amandla ethu ebunganini obungaxhunyiwe kwi-inthanethi?

Kukhona amandla obungani, ngisho naku-inthanethi

Ngenkathi ubuchopho bethu bungasho umehluko phakathi kokuxoxa nge-inthanethi nokuxhumana nabantu ngaphakathi, akunakwenzeka ukuthi sithuthukise amandla amaningi - noma isethi ehlukile yamandla wokusebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana. Kukhona umkhawulo wokuthi bangaki abantu esixhumana nabo ngokweqiniso futhi sinamandla. Lokho kusho nokuthi amahora asebusuku asebenzise ukuxoxa nabantu ongabazi kwi-inthanethi kususa amandla esinawo okunakekela abantu esibazi ngokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.

“Kubonakala sengathi singakwazi ukuphatha abangane ababalelwa ku-150 kuphela, kubandakanya namalungu omndeni,” kusho uR.I.M. Dunbar, PhD, uprofesa eMnyangweni Wezokuhlola Psychology e-University of Oxford. Utshela i-Healthline ukuthi lo “mkhawulo usethwe ubukhulu bengqondo yethu.”

Ngokusho kukaDunbar, lesi ngesinye sezingqinamba ezimbili ezinquma ukuthi sinabangane abangaki. UDunbar nabanye abacwaningi bakusungule lokhu ngokwenza ukuskena kobuchopho, bathola ukuthi inani labangane esinabo, ngaphandle nakwi-inthanethi, lihlobene nosayizi we-neocortex yethu, ingxenye yobuchopho elawula ubudlelwano.

Isithiyo sesibili yisikhathi.

Ngokusho kwedatha evela kwi-GlobalWebIndex, abantu basebenzisa isilinganiso esingaphezu kwamahora amabili ngosuku ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nokuthumela imiyalezo ngo-2017. Lesi yisigamu sehora ngaphezu kuka-2012, futhi kungenzeka sikhule njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka.

"Isikhathi otshala ngaso imali ebudlelwaneni sikhomba ukuqina kobudlelwano," kusho uDunbar. Kodwa ucwaningo lukaDunbar lwakamuva lukhombisa ukuthi noma imithombo yezokuxhumana isivumela ukuthi "sidlule ophahleni lwengilazi" lokugcina ubudlelwano obungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi futhi sibe nokuxhumana okuthe xaxa kwezenhlalo, akulinqobi ikhono lethu lemvelo lobungani.

Imvamisa, ngaphakathi komkhawulo we-150 sinemibuthano yangaphakathi noma izingqimba ezidinga inani elithile lokuxhumana okuvamile ukugcina ubungani. Noma ngabe lokho kudonsa ikhofi, noma okungenani ukuba nohlobo oluthile lwengxoxo emuva naphambili. Cabanga ngombuthano wakho womphakathi nokuthi bangaki kulabo bangane obabheka besondelene kakhulu kunabanye. UDunbar uphetha ngokuthi umbuthano ngamunye udinga amanani ahlukene wokuzibophezela nokuxhumana.

Uthi sidinga ukusebenzisana “okungenani kanye ngesonto ukuze kube nomongo wangaphakathi wezinhlobo ezinhlanu, okungenani kanye ngenyanga ngohlaka olulandelayo lwabangane abakhulu abangu-15, futhi okungenani kanye ngonyaka ngoqweqwe olukhulu lwabangane abangu-150 'nje. '”Okungafani nokuba ngamalungu omndeni nezihlobo, okudinga ukuxhumana okuncane njalo ukugcina ukuxhumana.

Manje kwenzekani uma unomngane noma inombolo yomlandeli engaphezu kuka-150 kumanethiwekhi wakho wezokuxhumana? UDunbar uthi inombolo engasho lutho. Uyachaza: “Siyazikhohlisa. “Ngokuqinisekile ungabhalisela abantu abaningi ngendlela othanda ngayo, kodwa lokho akubenzi abangani. Konke esikwenzayo ukusayinisa abantu ebesingacabanga ukuthi singabajwayela emhlabeni ongaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. ”

UDunbar uthi, njengoba senza emhlabeni ubuso nobuso, sinikela ngobuningi bokuxhumana kwethu emithonjeni yezokuxhumana kubantu abayi-15 abasondele kakhulu kithi, cishe amaphesenti angama-40 esiwanakile aye kuma-besties ethu ama-5 namaphesenti angama-60 to our 15. Lokhu kuhlangana kwenye yezimpikiswano ezindala kakhulu esivuna imithombo yezokuxhumana: Kungenzeka kunganwebeki isibalo sobungane beqiniso, kepha lezi zinkundla zingasisiza ekugcineni nokuqinisa izibopho zethu ezibalulekile. "Imithombo yezokuxhumana inikeza indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokugcina ubungani obudala buqhubeka, ngakho-ke akufanele siyishaye," kusho uDunbar.

Enye yezinzuzo zezinkundla zokuxhumana ukukwazi ukuzibandakanya emigudwini yabantu engingahlali eduze kwabo. Ngingaba ngumbukiso wayo yonke into kusuka ezikhathini eziyigugu kuya ekudleni okuvamile, konke ngisaqhubeka nomsebenzi wami wansuku zonke. Kepha kanye nobumnandi, ukuphakelwa kwami ​​nakho kugcwele izihloko ezisematheni nokuphawula okufudumele okuvela ekuxhumaneni kwami ​​nabantu engingabazi - akunakugwenywa.

Kunemiphumela emazingeni akho wamandla lapho uhlanganyela kumazwana abekiwe

Ukusebenzisa amandla akho ukuxhumana nabantu abaningi ongabazi kungenzeka kudonsa izinsiza zakho. Ngemuva kokhetho, ngithathe izinkundla zokuxhumana njengethuba lokuvala uqhekeko lwezepolitiki. Ngakha enganginethemba lokuthi kwakuyizikhundla zepolitiki ezihloniphayo mayelana namalungelo abesifazane nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kwangibuyisela emuva lapho othile engihlasela ngemiyalezo eqondile engaqondile, okwenza i-adrenaline yami ikhuphuke. Bekufanele ngibe sengibuza izinyathelo zami ezilandelayo.

Ingabe ukubamba impendulo kunempilo kimi nakubangani bami?

U-2017 ube, ngokungangabazeki, ngomunye weminyaka eshubile yokuzibandakanya ku-inthanethi, eguqula izingxoxo ze-URL zaba yimiphumela ye-IRL (empilweni yangempela). Kusukela empikiswaneni yokuziphatha, kwezepolitiki, noma kokuhle kuya ekuvunyweni kwe- # metoo, sivame ukuthukuthela noma sizizwe siphoqeleka ukuthi sizingene. Ikakhulukazi njengoba ubuso namazwi ajwayelekile ejoyina uhlangothi oluhlukile. Kepha kube yini izindleko kithi - nakwabanye?

"Abantu bangazizwa bephoqelekile ukuveza intukuthelo yabo ku-inthanethi ngoba bathola impendulo enhle ngokwenza kanjalo," kusho uM. M. Crockett, usosayensi wezinzwa. Emsebenzini wakhe, ucwaninga ukuthi abantu baveza kanjani ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nokuthi uzwela noma uzwela lwabo lwehlukile yini ku-inthanethi kunasemuntwini. Ukuthanda okukodwa noma ukuphawula kungabhekiswa ekuqinisekiseni imibono, kepha futhi kungathinta neqhwa futhi kuthinte ubudlelwane bakho obungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.

Ithimba labacwaningi beFacebook libuye labuza umbuzo ofanayo: Ngabe ezokuxhumana nabantu zilungile noma zimbi enhlalakahleni yethu? Impendulo yabo ukuthi ukuchitha isikhathi kubi, kepha ukusebenzisana ngenkuthalo bekulungile. “Ukusakaza nje ukuvuselelwa kwesimo kwakunganele; abantu bekufanele basebenzisane ubuso nobuso nabanye kwinethiwekhi yabo, ”kusho uDavid Ginsberg noMoira Burke, abacwaningi bakwaFacebook, babika besendlini yabo yezindaba. Bathi "ukwabelana ngemiyalezo, okuthunyelwe, nokuphawula nabangane abaseduze nokukhumbula ukuxhumana okwedlule - kuxhumene nentuthuko enhlalakahleni."

Kepha kwenzekani lapho lokhu kuhlangana okusebenzayo kuphenduka kubolile? Noma ungakhethi ubungani nothile ngempikiswano, ukusebenzisana - okungenani - kungashintsha okuvelayo kanye nakho.

Ku-Vanity Fair ephathelene nokuphela kwenkathi yezokuxhumana, uNick Bilton wabhala: “Eminyakeni edlule, umphathi we-Facebook wangitshela ukuthi isizathu esikhulu esenza abantu bangabi nobungani yingoba bengavumelani ngodaba oluthile. Isikhulu sinehlaya sathi, 'Kwazi bani, uma lokhu kuqhubeka, mhlawumbe sizogcina sinabantu abanabangani abambalwa kuphela ku-Facebook.' ”Muva nje, owayengumphathi we-Facebook, uChamanth Palihapitiya waba sematheni ngokuthi,“ Ngicabanga ukuthi sebesungule amathuluzi aqhekeza isimo sendlela umphakathi osebenza ngayo… [Imithombo yezokuxhumana] konakalisa isisekelo sendlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo naphakathi komunye nomunye. ”

"Kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi abantu bazimisele kakhulu ukujezisa abanye lapho bexhumana nge-interface ye-computer kunalapho behlangana ubuso nobuso," kusho uCrockett. Ukuveza ukuthukuthela kokuziphatha nakho kungavula izimpendulo ezingezinhle ngokubuyisela, nakubantu okungenzeka ukuthi abanalo uzwelo olukhulu ngemibono ehlukile. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni ezihlukanisayo, ungahle uthande ukuguqula ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kube kokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. UCrocket ubalula ukuthi "kukhona nocwaningo olukhombisa ukuthi ukuzwa amazwi abanye abantu kusisiza ukuthi silwe nokuhliswa isithunzi phakathi kwezinkulumo-mpikiswano zezepolitiki."

Kulabo abanogqozi lokufaka ezombusazwe nezenhlalo futhi bathola isinqumo esanele sokuqhubeka ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, thatha izeluleko zikaCeleste Headlee. Iminyaka yakhe yokuhlangenwe nakho kokuxoxisana nohlelo lwenkulumo lwansuku zonke lweGeorgia Public Radio oluthi "Ekucabangeni Kwesibili" kumenze wabhala ukuthi "Sidinga Ukukhuluma: Singaba kanjani Nezingxoxo Ezinendaba" futhi ngimnikeze nenkulumo ye-TED, Izindlela eziyi-10 Zokuxoxa Okungcono.

"Cabanga ngaphambi kokuthumela," kusho uHeadlee. “Ngaphambi kokuthi uphendule ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, funda okwakuqala okungenani okungenani kabili ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uyakuqonda. Bese wenza ucwaningo oluncane ngale ndaba. Konke lokhu kuthatha isikhathi, ngakho-ke kukunciphisa ijubane, futhi kugcina nemicabango yakho ngokomongo. ”

U-Autumn Collier, usonhlalonhle ozinze e-Atlanta olapha iziguli ezinenkinga yokulutha umlutha ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, uyavuma. Ukuthunyelwa kwezepolitiki kudinga amandla amaningi ngokubuyisa okuncane kutshalo-mali, esho. "Kungazizwa kukunika amandla ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa-ke ubanjwa ukuthi 'Baphendulile yini?' Bese uhlanganyela engxoxweni engenampilo yokubuyela emuva nangaphambili. Kungaba nengqondo enkulu ukufaka lawo mandla enkingeni noma ngokubhalela osopolitiki bendawo yakini. ”

Futhi kwesinye isikhathi, kungahle kube ngcono ukungayinaki ingxoxo. Ukwazi ukuthi uzoshiya nini futhi uye kokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kungaba yinto esemqoka empilweni yakho yengqondo nasekugcineni ubungane obuzayo.

Konke ukuthanda futhi akukho ukudlala kungenza isizukulwane esinesizungu

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlala uxhumana nabangane, kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi ungaphinde uhlanganyele nini ubuso nobuso. Ngenkathi uDunbar encome izinzuzo zokuxhumana nabantu, kukhona nocwaningo olukhulayo ngemiphumela emibi yezokuxhumana, njengokukhuphuka kwengcindezi, ukukhathazeka, nemizwa yesizungu. Le mizwa ingabangelwa inani labantu obalandelayo futhi ohlanganyela nabo, abangane noma cha.

“Imithombo yezokuxhumana iyazikhangisa njengokwandisa ukuxhumana kwethu komunye nomunye, kodwa ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisa ukuthi abantu abachitha isikhathi esiningi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana empeleni banesizungu, hhayi ngaphansi,” kusho uJean Twenge, umbhali we “iGen: Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Bakhula Ngaphansi Kokuhlubuka, Ukubekezela Kakhulu, Ukujabula Okuncane - futhi Abakulungele Ngokuphelele Ukuba Abantu Abadala. ” I-athikili yakhe ye-Atlantic, "Ingabe Ama-Smartphones Acekele Isizukulwane?" wenza amagagasi ekuqaleni konyaka futhi wabangela izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka eyizinkulungwane kanye neminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha edlule, ukwenza ngqo okungacindezela abantu: Veza intukuthelo yokuziphatha.

Kodwa ucwaningo lukaTwenge alunasisekelo. Ucwaninge ngemiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwemidiya yokuxhumana nentsha, wathola ukuthi isizukulwane esisha sisebenzisa isikhathi esincane ukuchitha isikhathi nabangane nesikhathi esithe xaxa ukuxhumana online. Lo mkhuba unokuhlobana nokutholakele kokucindezeleka kwentsha nemizwa yokunqamula kanye nesizungu esikhulayo.

Kodwa yize kungekho kulezi zifundo eziqinisekisa ukuthi kunesizathu, kukhona umuzwa wokujwayelekile. Lowo muzwa uqanjwe njenge-FOMO, ukwesaba ukuphuthelwa. Kodwa akugcini esizukulwaneni esisodwa. Ukuchitha isikhathi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kungaba nomthelela ofanayo kubantu abadala, ngisho nakwabadala.

I-FOMO ingaphenduka umjikelezo omubi wokuqhathanisa nokungasebenzi. Okubi kakhulu, kungakudalela ukuthi uphile “ubudlelwano” bakho ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Esikhundleni sokujabulela isikhathi sekhwalithi nabangane, abanye ababalulekile, noma umndeni, ubuka izindaba kanye ne-Snaps zabanye nge yabo abangane nomndeni. Esikhundleni sokuhlanganyela ezintweni zokuzilibazisa ezikulethela injabulo, ubukela abanye benza izinto zokuzilibazisa esifisa sengathi besingazenza. Lo msebenzi "wokuzihlalela" ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ungadala ukunganaki abangani kuyo yonke imibuthano.

Uyasikhumbula isifundo sikaDunbar? Uma sihluleka ukuhlangana nabantu esibathandayo njalo, "izinga lobungane lincipha ngokunganqandeki nangokushesha," usho kanje. "Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa bengambonanga umuntu, bazobe behle bangena esigabeni esilandelayo."

Imithombo yezokuxhumana izwe elisha, futhi lisadinga imithetho

I-Star Trek ivula isiqephu ngasinye ngalomugqa: “Isikhala: Umngcele wokugcina.” Futhi ngenkathi abaningi becabanga lokho njengomthala nezinkanyezi ezingaphesheya, kungabhekisa naku-inthanethi. I-World Wide Web inesitoreji esingenamkhawulo futhi, njengendawo yonke, ayinayo imikhawulo noma imingcele. Kepha ngenkathi umkhawulo ungahle ungabi khona kwi-intanethi - amandla ethu, imizimba yethu, nengqondo yethu kusengaphuma.

Njengoba uLarissa Pham abhala ngokugcizelela ku-tweet ethi: “lo AM umelaphi wami ungikhumbuze ukuthi kulungile ukuhamba ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi bc asenzelwanga ukucubungula ukuhlupheka kwabantu ngalesi sikali, manje sengikudlulisa ku-2 u” - le tweet isivele yaqoqa ama-115,423 ukuthandwa kanye nokuphindaphindwa okungu-40,755.

Umhlaba ushubile njengamanje, ikakhulu uma uhlala uku-inthanethi. Esikhundleni sokufunda isihloko esisodwa ngasikhathi sinye, okuphakelayo okujwayelekile kuzofuna ukunakwa kwethu ngezindaba ezingaphezu kokwanele, noma yini kusuka ekuzamazameni komhlaba kuya ezinjeni ezakhayo kuya kuma-akhawunti omuntu. Eziningi zalezi zibhalwe futhi ukuqala imizwa yethu nokusigcina sichofoza futhi siskrola. Kodwa asikho isidingo sokuba yingxenye yawo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

"Yazi ukuthi ukuxhumana njalo nefoni yakho kanye nemithombo yezokuxhumana akulungile empilweni yakho engokwengqondo nengokomzimba," kusho uHeadlee. "Yiphathe ngendlela othanda ngayo uswidi noma amafries aseFrance: Musa ukuhosha." Imithombo yezokuxhumana iyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili.

Ukuba kwi-smartphone yakho kungakhipha amandla obekungasetshenziswa ekuhlanganyeleni kwempilo yangempela nabangani bakho noma umndeni wakho. Imithombo yezokuxhumana ayikaze ibe ngumuthi wokuvimbela isithukuthezi, ukukhathazeka, noma isizungu. Ekupheleni kosuku, abantu bakho obathandayo yibo.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ubungani obuhle bubalulekile empilweni yakho. Ngokuqondile, ukuba nobungane obusondelene nokusebenza kangcono, ikakhulukazi njengoba sikhula. Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe ngezigaba zabantu abadala abangaphezu kuka-270,000 luthole ukuthi izingqinamba ezivela ebunganeni zabikezela izifo eziningi ezingalapheki. Ngakho-ke ungagcini abangane bakho ngobude bengalo, kukhiyiwe kufoni yakho nakuma-DM.

"Abangani bakhona ukusinikeza amahlombe okukhala lapho izinto ziwohloka," kusho uDunbar. "Noma ngabe umuntu uzwelana kanjani noFacebook noma uSkype, kodwa ekugcineni ukuba nehlombe lokukhala kulokho okwenza umehluko ekutheni sikwazi ukubhekana nakho."

UJennifer Chesak ungumhleli wencwadi ozimele waseNashville futhi ofundisa ukubhala. Ungumlobi wokuzilibazisa, ukuqina komzimba, nomlobi wezempilo ezincwadini eziningi zezwe. Uthole i-Master of Science yakhe ebuntathelini evela eNyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMedill futhi usebenza kwinoveli yakhe yokuqala eqanjiwe, ebekwe ezweni lakubo eNorth Dakota.