Ungakuvimbela Kanjani Ukuwohloka Komqondo: Kungenzeka Yini?

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuwohloka komqondo?
• Ungakuvimbela ukuwohloka komqondo?
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba
• Yidla kahle
• Ungabhemi
• Hamba kalula otshwaleni
• Gcina ingqondo yakho isebenza
• Phatha impilo yonke
• Yiziphi izici ezivamile zobungozi bokuwohloka komqondo?
• Ziyini izimpawu zokuwohloka komqondo?
• Kutholakala kanjani ukuwohloka komqondo?
• Lashwa kanjani i-dementia?
• Uyini umbono wabantu abanokuwohloka komqondo?
• Okubalulekile

Inkumbulo efiphele kancane ayijwayelekile njengoba ukhula, kepha ukuwohloka komqondo kungaphezu kwalokho. Akuyona ingxenye ejwayelekile yokuguga.

Kunezinto ezithile ongazenza ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuthola ukuwohloka komqondo, noma okungenani ukubambezele. Kepha ngoba ezinye izimbangela zingaphandle kokulawula kwakho, awukwazi ukukuvimba ngokuphelele.

Ake sihlolisise ezinye izimbangela zokuwohloka komqondo nokuthi yini ongayenza njengamanje ukuqala ukunciphisa ubungozi bakho.

Kuyini ukuwohloka komqondo?

I-Dementia yigama lengubo lokulahlekelwa okungapheli, okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwengqondo. Akusona isifo, kodwa iqembu lezimpawu ezinezimbangela ezahlukahlukene. Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuwohloka komqondo, i-Alzheimer kanye ne-non-Alzheimer.

Isifo i-Alzheimer yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu sokuwohloka komqondo. Ukuwohloka komqondo kwesifo i-Alzheimer kuhilela ukulahleka kwememori, kanye nokukhubazeka kweminye imisebenzi yobuchopho efana nale:

• ulimi
• inkulumo
• ukuqonda

Ukuwohloka komqondo okungenayo i-Alzheimer kuhlobene nokuwohloka kwe-lobar yangaphambili, ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Uhlobo olulodwa luthinta kakhulu inkulumo. Olunye uhlobo lubandakanya:

• izinguquko zokuziphatha
• izinguquko zobuntu
• ukungabi nemizwa
• ukulahleka kwesihlungi senhlalo
• ukunganaki
• inkinga ngokuhleleka nokuhlela

Kulezi dementias ze-non-Alzheimer, ukulahleka kwememori kuvela kamuva ekuqhubekeni kwezifo. Isizathu sesibili esivame kakhulu ukuwohloka komqondo ngemithambo yegazi. Eminye imiqondo yokuwohloka komqondo engeyona eye-Alzheimer yile:

• Ukuwohloka komqondo komzimba kaLewy
• Ukuwohloka komqondo kukaParkinson
• Isifo sikaPick

Ukuwohloka komqondo okuxubile kulapho kunezimbangela eziningi. Isibonelo, umuntu onesifo i-Alzheimer futhi onesifo sokuwohloka kwemithambo yegazi une-dementia exubile.

Ungakuvimbela ukuwohloka komqondo?

Ezinye izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo zibangelwa izinto ezingaphezu kwamandla akho. Kepha kunezinto ongazenza ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuthola ukuwohloka komqondo kanye nokugcina impilo enhle iyonke.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba

Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokuwohloka komqondo. A kukhombisile ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba nge-aerobic kunganciphisa i-atrophy ku-hippocampus, ingxenye yobuchopho elawula inkumbulo.

Olunye ucwaningo lwango-2019 lwembula ukuthi abantu abadala asebekhulile bavame ukubambelela kumakhono okuqonda kangcono kunalawo angasebenzi kakhulu. Lokhu bekunjalo ngisho nakwabahlanganyeli ababenezilonda zobuchopho noma ama-biomarker axhunyaniswe nokuwohloka komqondo.

Ukuzivocavoca njalo kuhle futhi ekulawuleni isisindo, ukujikeleza kwegazi, impilo yenhliziyo, kanye nomoya, konke okungathinta ubungozi bakho bokuwohloka komqondo.

Uma unesimo esibi sempilo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala uhlobo olusha lokuzivocavoca umzimba. Futhi uma ungakavivinyi umzimba isikhashana, qala kancane, mhlawumbe imizuzu eyi-15 ngosuku. Khetha izivivinyo ezilula futhi wakhe kusuka lapho. Sebenza uze ufike ku:

• Imizuzu engu-150 ngesonto yokuvivinya umzimba ngokulingene, njengokuhamba ngamandla, noma
• Imizuzu engama-75 ngesonto yomsebenzi omkhulu, njengokugijima

Kabili ngesonto, engeza imisebenzi ethile yokumelana nemisipha yakho, njengama-push-up, ama-sit-up, noma ukuphakamisa izinsimbi.

Eminye imidlalo, efana nethenisi, ingahlinzeka ngoqeqesho lokumelana ne-aerobics ngasikhathi sinye. Thola okuthile okujabulelayo futhi ujabule ngakho.

Zama ukungachithi isikhathi esiningi uhleli noma ulele phansi emini. Yenza ukunyakaza kube yinto eza kuqala nsuku zonke.

Yidla kahle

Ukudla okulungele inhliziyo kuhle ebuchosheni nasempilweni yonke. Ukudla okunempilo kunganciphisa ubungozi bezimo ezingaholela ekuwohlokeni komqondo. Ngokuya nge, ukudla okunomsoco kuqukethe:

• izithelo nemifino
• udali nobhontshisi
• okusanhlamvu, izilimo eziyizigaxa, noma izimpande
• amaqanda, ubisi, inhlanzi, inyama enciphile

Izinto okufanele uzigweme noma uzigcine ubuncane yilezi:

• amafutha agcwele
• amafutha ezilwane
• ushukela
• usawoti

Ukudla kwakho kufanele kugxile kokudla okunomsoco, okugcwele. Gwema ikhalori eliphezulu, ukudla okucutshungulwayo okunikezela ngokungenamsoco okuncane.

Ungabhemi

kukhombisa ukuthi ukubhema kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuwohloka komqondo, ikakhulukazi uma uneminyaka engama-65 noma ngaphezulu. Ukubhema kuthinta ukujikeleza kwegazi nxazonke zomzimba wakho, kufaka phakathi imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni bakho.

Uma ubhema, kepha ukuthola kunzima ukuyeka, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema.

Hamba kalula otshwaleni

kukhombisa ukuthi ukuphuza ngokweqile utshwala kungaba yingozi enkulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo, kufaka phakathi ukuwohloka komqondo okusanda kuqala. Okwamanje kuchaza ukuphuza ngokulingene njengesiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku ngabesifazane kuze kufike kwababili kwabesilisa.

Isiphuzo esisodwa silingana nama-ounces ayi-6 otshwala obumsulwa. Lokho kuhumushelwa ku:

• Ama-ounces ayi-12 kabhiya ngotshwala obuyi-5%
• Ama-ounces ama-5 ewayini anephesenti eli-12 lotshwala
• Ama-ounces angu-1.5 wemimoya engu-80 efakiwe ene-40% yotshwala

Gcina ingqondo yakho isebenza

Ingqondo esebenzayo ingasiza ekwehliseni ubungozi bokuwohloka komqondo, ngakho-ke qhubeka uziphonsele inselelo. Ezinye izibonelo kungaba:

• funda okuthile okusha, njengolimi olusha
• yenza amaphazili udlale imidlalo
• funda izincwadi eziyinselele
• funda ukufunda umculo, uphathe insimbi yomculo, noma uqale ukubhala
• hlala uzibandakanya nomphakathi: xhumana nabanye noma ujoyine imisebenzi yeqembu
• ivolontiya

Phatha impilo yonke

Ukuhlala usesimweni esihle kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokuwohloka komqondo, ngakho-ke thola umzimba wonyaka. Bheka udokotela wakho uma unezimpawu ze:

• ukudana
• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• izinkinga zokulala

Phatha izimo zezempilo ezikhona njenge:

• isifo sikashukela
• Isifo senhliziyo
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• cholesterol ephezulu

Yiziphi izici ezivamile zobungozi bokuwohloka komqondo?

Ingozi yokuba nesifo sokuwohloka komqondo ikhula ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Cishe abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 banesimo sokuwohloka komqondo, kusho i-WHO.

Izimo ezingakhuphula ubungozi bokuwohloka komqondo zifaka:

• isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi
• ukudana
• isifo sikashukela
• I-Down syndrome
• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• I-HIV
• Isifo sikaHuntington
• i-hydrocephalus
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• ukushaywa okuncane, ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi

Izici ezinikele zingafaka:

• ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kotshwala noma kwezidakamizwa
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• ukungadli kahle
• ukushaywa okuphindaphindiwe ekhanda
• indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi
• ukubhema

Ziyini izimpawu zokuwohloka komqondo?

I-Dementia yiqembu lezimpawu ezibandakanya inkumbulo, ukubonisana, ukucabanga, imizwa, ubuntu nokuziphatha. Ezinye izimpawu zokuqala yilezi:

• ukukhohlwa
• ukuphinda izinto
• ukubeka izinto ngokungeyikho
• ukudideka ngezinsuku nezikhathi
• unenkinga yokuthola amagama afanele
• ushintsho esimweni sengqondo noma ekuziphatheni
• izinguquko ezithakazelweni

Izimpawu zakamuva zingafaka:

• izinkinga zenkumbulo eziwohlokayo
• inkinga yokuqhuba ingxoxo
• unenkinga yokuqedela imisebenzi elula njengokukhokha izikweletu noma ukusebenza ifoni
• ukungayinaki inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu
• ukungalingani kahle, ukuwa
• Ukwehluleka ukuxazulula inkinga
• izinguquko ezindleleni zokulala
• ukukhungatheka, ukuphazamiseka, ukudideka, ukudideka
• ukukhathazeka, ukudabuka, ukudangala
• ukusangana

Kutholakala kanjani ukuwohloka komqondo?

Ukulahleka kwememori akusho njalo ukuwohloka komqondo.Lokho ekuqaleni okubukeka njengokuwohloka komqondo kungahle kube uphawu lwesimo eselaphekayo, njenge:

• ukuntuleka kwamavithamini
• imiphumela emibi yemithi
• umsebenzi we-thyroid ongavamile
• ingcindezi evamile i-hydrocephalus

Ukuhlonza ukuwohloka komqondo nembangela yako kunzima. Asikho isivivinyo esisodwa sokusixilonga. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo azikwazi ukuqinisekiswa kuze kube ngemuva kokufa.

Uma unezimpawu nezimpawu zokuwohloka komqondo, udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi:

• umlando womndeni wokuwohloka komqondo
• izimpawu ezithile nokuthi zaqala nini
• ezinye izimo ezitholakele
• imithi

Ukuhlolwa kwakho ngokomzimba kungenzeka kufake phakathi nokuhlola:

• ukushaya kwegazi
• i-hormone, uvithamini, nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• ingqondo
• ukuhlola ibhalansi
• impendulo yezinzwa

Ngokuya ngemiphumela, udokotela wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko angakudlulisela kudokotela wezinzwa ukuze aqhubeke nokuhlolwa. Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ne-neuropsychological kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola:

• inkumbulo
• ukuxazululwa kwenkinga
• amakhono olimi
• amakhono ezibalo

Udokotela wakho angaphinde a-ode:

• ukuhlolwa kobuchopho
• ukuhlolwa kofuzo
• ukuhlolwa kwengqondo

Ukwehla kokusebenza kwengqondo okuthikameza imisebenzi yansuku zonke kungatholwa njengokuwohloka komqondo. Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu nokucabanga kwengqondo kungasiza ukukhipha noma ukuqinisekisa izifo ezithile njengezimbangela.

Uma wena, noma omunye umuntu omkhathalelayo enenkinga yokuwohloka komqondo, izinhlangano ezilandelayo zingakusiza noma zikuthumele ezinsizakalweni.

• Inhlangano ka-Alzheimer: Inombolo yosizo yamahhala, eyimfihlo: 800-272-3900
• I-Lewy Body Dementia Association: I-Lewy Line yemindeni nabanakekeli: 800-539-9767
• Inhlangano kaZwelonke yokuNakekela
• UMnyango Wezilwane Zase-U.S

Lashwa kanjani i-dementia?

Imithi yesifo i-Alzheimer ifaka phakathi:

• i-cholinesterase inhibitors: i-donepezil (i-Aricept), i-rivastigmine (i-Exelon), ne-galantamine (i-Razadyne)
• Umphikisi we-NMDA receptor: memantine (Namenda)

Le mithi ingasiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwememori. Banganciphisa ukukhula kwesifo se-Alzheimer, kepha abasinqandi. Le mithi ingabhalwa futhi ngenxa yokuwohloka komqondo, njengesifo sikaParkinson, isifo sokuwohloka komzimba komzimba sikaLewy, kanye nokuwohloka komqondo okuyimithambo yegazi.

Udokotela wakho angakunikeza nemithi yezinye izimpawu, njenge:

• ukudana
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• ukusangana
• ukuyaluza

Ukwelashwa emsebenzini kungasiza ngezinto ezinjenge:

• izindlela zokubhekana
• ukuziphatha okuphephile
• ukuphathwa kokuziphatha
• wephula imisebenzi ngezinyathelo ezilula

Uyini umbono wabantu abanokuwohloka komqondo?

Ezinye izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo zingalashwa ngempumelelo futhi ziguqulwe, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibangelwa:

• Ukushoda kwe-B-12 nokunye ukuphazamiseka komzimba
• i-cerebral spinal fluid fluid ebuchosheni (ingcindezi ejwayelekile ye-hydrocephalus)
• ukudana
• ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma kotshwala
• hypoglycemia
• i-hypothyroidism
• i-subdural hematoma elandela ukulimala ekhanda
• izimila ezingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa

Izinhlobo eziningi zokuwohloka komqondo azibuyiseki noma zelapheke, kepha ziyelapheka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi lokho okubangelwa:

• Isifo sokuwohloka komqondo ngengculazi
• Isifo i-Alzheimer's
• Isifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Ukuwohloka komqondo ngemithambo yegazi

Isibikezelo sakho sincike ezintweni eziningi, njenge:

• imbangela yokuwohloka komqondo
• impendulo ekwelashweni
• ubudala nempilo yonke

Udokotela wakho angakusiza uqonde kabanzi ngombono wakho ngamunye.

Okubalulekile

I-Dementia yiqembu lezimpawu ezithinta inkumbulo neminye imisebenzi yokuqonda. Imbangela ephezulu yokuwohloka komqondo yisifo i-Alzheimer's, silandelwa yisifo sengqondo esiyi-vascular dementia.

Ezinye izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo kungenxa yezinto ongeke uzishintshe. Kepha ukukhetha izindlela zokuphila ezibandakanya ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, ukudla okunomsoco, nokuzibandakanya kwengqondo kungasiza ekwehliseni ubungozi bokuthola ukuwohloka komqondo.