Okufanele Ukwazi Nge-Hyperlipidemia

-Delile

• Ukuqonda i-cholesterol
• Ukuthola ukuxilongwa
• Ingabe usengozini ye-hyperlipidemia?
• I-hyperlipidemia ejwayelekile ehlanganisiwe
• Ungayelapha kanjani futhi uyiphathe i-hyperlipidemia ekhaya
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo enhliziyweni
• Ukuncipha emsimbeni
• Sebenza
• Yeka ukubhema
• Imithi ye-Hyperlipidemia
• Umbono
• Ungayivimbela kanjani i-cholesterol ephezulu

Kuyini i-hyperlipidemia?

I-Hyperlipidemia yigama lezokwelapha lezinga lamafutha aphezulu (lipids) egazini. Izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu ze-lipids ezitholakala egazini yi-triglycerides ne-cholesterol.

Ama-Triglycerides enziwa lapho umzimba wakho ugcina ama-calories angadingi amandla. Zivela ngqo ekudleni kwakho ekudleni okufana nenyama ebomvu nobisi olunamafutha aphelele. Ukudla okunoshukela ocwengekile, i-fructose, notshwala kuphakamisa ama-triglycerides.

I-cholesterol ikhiqizwa ngokwemvelo esibindi sakho ngoba wonke amaseli emzimbeni wakho ayayisebenzisa. Ngokufana ne-triglycerides, i-cholesterol nayo iyatholakala ekudleni okunamafutha njengamaqanda, inyama ebomvu, noshizi.

I-Hyperlipidemia yaziwa kakhulu njenge-cholesterol ephezulu. Yize i-cholesterol ephezulu ingazuzwa njengefa, imvamisa ingumphumela wokukhetha impilo okungenampilo.

Ukuqonda i-cholesterol

I-cholesterol yinto enamafutha ehamba egazini lakho emaprotheni abizwa nge-lipoproteins. Uma une-cholesterol eningi egazini lakho, ingakhela ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yakho bese yakha uqwembe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-plaque deposits akhula abe makhulu futhi aqale avale imithambo yakho, okungaholela esifo senhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo, nohlangothi.

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa

I-Hyperlipidemia ayinazo izimpawu, ngakho-ke ukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ukuthi udokotela wakho wenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngephaneli ye-lipid noma iphrofayili ye-lipid. Lokhu kuhlolwa kunquma amazinga akho e-cholesterol. Udokotela wakho uzothatha isampula yegazi lakho alithumele ebhodini lokuhlola, bese ebuyela kuwe nombiko ogcwele. Umbiko wakho uzobonisa amazinga akho we:

• inani le-cholesterol
• i-cholesterol esezingeni eliphansi (LDL)
• i-cholesterol ephakeme kakhulu (i-HDL)
• ama-triglycerides

Udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi uzile ukudla amahora angu-8 kuya kwangu-12 ngaphambi kokudonswa igazi lakho. Lokho kusho ukuthi uzodinga ukugwema ukudla noma ukuphuza noma yini ngaphandle kwamanzi ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi ukuzila ukudla akudingekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho-ke landela imiyalo kadokotela wakho maqondana nokukhathazeka kwakho okuthile kwezempilo.

Ngokuvamile, inani eliphelele le-cholesterol elingaphezu kwama-milligram angama-200 nge-desilitha ngalinye libhekwa njengeliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, amazinga aphephile we-cholesterol angahluka kuye ngomuntu kuye ngomlando wezempilo nokukhathazeka kwezempilo kwamanje, futhi kunqunywa kakhulu ngudokotela wakho.Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa iphaneli yakho ye-lipid ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-hyperlipidemia.

Ingabe usengozini ye-hyperlipidemia?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-cholesterol, i-LDL ne-HDL. Mhlawumbe uzwe bebizwa nge-cholesterol "embi" futhi "enhle", ngokulandelana. I-cholesterol ye-LDL ("embi") iyakha ezindongeni zakho zomthambo, izenze zibe lukhuni futhi zibe mncane. I-cholesterol ye-HDL ("enhle") ihlanza i-cholesterol "embi" ngokweqile futhi iyisuse kude nemithambo yegazi, ibuyele esibindini sakho. I-Hyperlipidemia ibangelwa ukuba ne-cholesterol eningi kakhulu ye-LDL egazini lakho kanye ne-cholesterol enganele ye-HDL ukuyikhipha.

Ukukhetha impilo okungenampilo kungakhuphula amazinga “amabi” e-cholesterol futhi kwehlise amazinga “amahle” e-cholesterol. Uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, udla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, ubhema, noma ungatholi ukuzivocavoca umzimba okwanele, lapho-ke usengozini.

Izindlela zokuphila ezikubeka engcupheni ye-cholesterol ephezulu zifaka:

• ukudla ukudla okunamafutha agcwele futhi adlulisiwe
• ukudla amaprotheni ezilwane, njengenyama nobisi
• ukungatholi ukuzivocavoca umzimba okwanele
• ukungadli amafutha anele anele
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• umjikelezo okhalweni omkhulu
• ukubhema
• ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile

Amazinga angavamile we-cholesterol ayatholakala nakwabanye abantu abanezimo ezithile zezempilo, kufaka phakathi:

• isifo sezinso
• isifo sikashukela
• i-polycystic ovary syndrome
• ukukhulelwa
• i-thyroid engasebenzi
• izimo ezizuzwe njengefa

Futhi, amazinga akho e-cholesterol angathinteka yimithi ethile:

• amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo
• isisu
• eminye imithi yokudangala

I-hyperlipidemia ejwayelekile ehlanganisiwe

Kunohlobo lwe-hyperlipidemia ongaluthola kubazali bakho noma ogogo nomkhulu bakho. Ibizwa nge-hyperlipidemia yomndeni ehlangene. I-hyperlipidemia ejwayelekile ehlanganisiwe ibangela i-cholesterol ephezulu ne-triglycerides ephezulu. Abantu abanalesi simo bavame ukuba ne-cholesterol ephezulu noma amazinga aphezulu e-triglyceride ebusheni babo futhi bathola ukuxilongwa eminyakeni yabo yama-20 noma engama-30. Lesi simo sandisa ubungozi besifo sokuqala semithambo yenhliziyo nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Ngokungafani nabantu abane-hyperlipidemia ejwayelekile, abantu abane-hyperlipidemia ehlanganisiwe yomndeni bangathola izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, njenge:

• ubuhlungu besifuba (esemncane)
• isifo senhliziyo (esemncane)
• ukuminyanisa ematholeni ngenkathi uhamba
• izilonda ezinzwaneni ezingapholi kahle
• izimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi, kufaka phakathi ukukhuluma kabi, ukwehla ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso, noma ubuthakathaka emaphethelweni

Ungayelapha kanjani futhi uyiphathe i-hyperlipidemia ekhaya

Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ziyisihluthulelo sokuphatha i-hyperlipidemia ekhaya. Ngisho noma i-hyperlipidemia yakho izuzwe njengefa (i-hyperlipidemia yomndeni ehlangene), izinguquko zokuphila zisengxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa. Lezi zinguquko zodwa zinganele ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezifana nesifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi. Uma usuvele uthatha imishanguzo, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zingathuthukisa imiphumela yazo yokwehlisa i-cholesterol.

Yidla ukudla okunempilo enhliziyweni

Ukwenza izinguquko ekudleni kwakho kunganciphisa amazinga akho “amabi” e-cholesterol futhi kwandise amazinga akho “amahle” e-cholesterol. Nazi izinguquko ezimbalwa ongazenza:

• Khetha amafutha enempilo. Gwema amafutha agcweleyo atholakala ikakhulu enyameni ebomvu, ubhekeni, isoseji, nemikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha agcwele. Khetha amaprotheni anciphile njengenkukhu, ikalikuni nenhlanzi uma kungenzeka. Shintshela kubisi olungenamafutha amancane noma olungenamafutha. Futhi sebenzisa amafutha we-monounsaturated njengamafutha omnqumo ne-canola ukupheka.
• Sika amafutha we-trans. Amafutha weTrans atholakala ekudleni okuthosiwe nasekudleni okucutshunguliwe, njengamakhukhi, ama-crackers, nokunye ukudla okulula. Hlola izithako kumalebula womkhiqizo. Yeqa noma imuphi umkhiqizo obala “uwoyela oyingxenye ye-hydrogenated.”
• Yidla ama-omega-3 amaningi. Ama-omega-3 fatty acids anezinzuzo eziningi zenhliziyo. Ungabathola kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi i-salmon, i-mackerel ne-herring. Futhi zingatholakala kwamanye amantongomane nembewu, njengama-walnuts nembewu yefilakisi.
• Khulisa ukudla kwakho kwe-fiber. Yonke imicu inempilo enenhliziyo, kepha ifayibha encibilikayo, etholakala kuma-oats, ebuchosheni, izithelo, ubhontshisi nemifino, ingehlisa amazinga akho e-LDL cholesterol.
• Funda izindlela zokupheka ezinempilo. Bheka ikhasi leresiphi le-American Heart Association ukuthola amathiphu ngokudla okwehla esiphundu, ukudla okulula, kanye nama-dessert angeke akhulise i-cholesterol yakho.
• Yidla izithelo nemifino eminingi. Zinamafayibha amaningi namavithamini futhi zinamafutha agcwele.

Ukuncipha emsimbeni

Uma ukhuluphele noma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, ukunciphisa umzimba kungasiza ukwehlisa amazinga akho e-cholesterol aphelele. Ngisho namakhilogremu ama-5 kuye kwayi-10 angenza umehluko.

Ukwehla kwesisindo kuqala ngokuthola ukuthi mangaki amakhalori owasebenzisayo nokuthi ushisa amangaki. Kuthatha ukusika ama-calories angama-3 500 ekudleni kwakho ukuze wehlise iphawundi.

Ukwehlisa isisindo, thola ukudla okunekhalori eliphansi futhi wandise umsebenzi wakho womzimba ukuze ushise ama-calories amaningi kunalawo owadlayo. Kuyasiza ukusika iziphuzo ezinoshukela notshwala, futhi usebenzise ukulawula izingxenye.

Sebenza

Umsebenzi womzimba ubalulekile empilweni yonke, ekunciphiseni isisindo, nakumazinga we-cholesterol. Uma ungatholi umsebenzi owanele womzimba, amazinga akho e-cholesterol e-HDL ayehla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayikho i-cholesterol "enhle" eyanele yokuthwala i-cholesterol "embi" kude nemithambo yakho.

Udinga kuphela imizuzu engama-40 yokuvivinya umzimba ngokulingene kuze kube ngamandla kathathu noma kane ngesonto ukwehlisa amazinga akho e-cholesterol aphelele. Umgomo kufanele ube yimizuzu eyi-150 yokuzivocavoca isonto ngalinye. Noma ikuphi kokulandelayo kungakusiza ukuthi ungeze ukuzivocavoca umzimba enkambisweni yakho yansuku zonke:

• Zama ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ukuze usebenze.
• Thatha ukuhamba okusheshayo nenja yakho.
• Ukubhukuda kutholakala echibini lendawo.
• Joyina ijimu.
• Thatha izitebhisi esikhundleni selifthi.
• Uma usebenzisa izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi, yehla esitobhini noma ezimbili ngokushesha.

Yeka ukubhema

Ukubhema amazinga akho e-cholesterol "amahle" futhi kuphakamisa ama-triglycerides akho. Ngisho noma ungatholakali une-hyperlipidemia, ukubhema kungakhuphula ubungozi besifo senhliziyo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuyeka noma zama isichibi se-nicotine. Amachashazi eNicotine ayatholakala ekhemisi ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela. Ungafunda futhi lezi zeluleko kubantu abayekile ukubhema.

Imithi ye-Hyperlipidemia

Uma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zinganele ukwelapha i-hyperlipidemia yakho, udokotela wakho angakunikeza imithi. Imithi ejwayelekile yokwehlisa i-cholesterol- ne-triglyceride ifaka:

• izitatimende, njenge:
  • i-atorvastatin (Lipitor)
  • i-fluvastatin (Lescol XL)
  • i-lovastatin (Altoprev)
  • i-pitavastatin (Livalo)
  • i-pravastatin (Pravachol)
  • i-rosuvastatin (Crestor)
  • i-simvastatin (Zocor)
• izinhlaka ze-bile-acid-binding, njenge:
  • cholestyramine (Okuvunyelwe)
  • colesevelam (WelChol)
  • i-colestipol (Colestid)
• i-cholesterol absorption inhibitors, efana ne-asezetimibe (Zetia)
• imithi ejojoweyo, efana ne-alirocumab (Okubalulekile) noma i-evolocumab (Repatha)
• ama-fibrate, njenge-fenofibrate (i-Fenoglide, i-Tricor, i-Triglide) noma i-gemfibrozil (i-Lopid)
• i-niacin (Niacor)
• ama-omega-3 fatty acid anezela
• ezinye izithako zokwehlisa i-cholesterol

Umbono

Abantu abane-hyperlipidemia engalashwa banethuba elikhulu lokuthola isifo senhliziyo kunabantu abaningi. Isifo senhliziyo yisimo lapho uqweqwe lukhula khona ngaphakathi emithanjeni yenhliziyo (yenhliziyo). Ukuqina kwemithambo, okubizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis, kwenzeka lapho uqweqwe lukhula ezindongeni zemithambo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-plaque buildup inciphisa imithambo futhi ingayivimba ngokuphelele, ivimbele ukugeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, noma ezinye izinkinga.

Ungayivimbela kanjani i-cholesterol ephezulu

Ungenza izinguquko kwindlela yakho yokuphila ukuvimbela i-cholesterol ephezulu noma ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba ne-hyperlipidemia:

• Ukuzivocavoca izinsuku eziningana ngesonto.
• Yidla ukudla okuncane ngamafutha agcwele futhi adlulisiwe.
• Faka izithelo eziningi, imifino, ubhontshisi, amantongomane, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, nenhlanzi njalo ekudleni kwakho. (Ukudla kwaseMedithera uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lokudla okunempilo yenhliziyo.)
• Yeka ukudla inyama ebomvu nezinyama ezicutshunguliwe ezifana nebhekeni, isoseji nokusikeka okubandayo.
• Phuza ubisi olunamafutha noma olunamafutha amancane.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Yidla amafutha amaningi anempilo, njengekotapeya, ama-alimondi, namafutha omnqumo.