Izinhlobo Zesifo Senhliziyo Ezinganeni

-Delile

• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso
• I-atherosclerosis
• I-Arrhythmias
• Isifo seKawasaki
• Inhliziyo ibubula
• I-Pericarditis
• Isifo senhliziyo i-rheumatic
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane

Isifo senhliziyo ezinganeni

Isifo senhliziyo sinzima ngokwanele uma sihlasela abantu abadala, kepha singaba sibuhlungu ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.

Izinhlobo eziningi zezinkinga zenhliziyo zingathinta izingane. Kubandakanya ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo azalwe nakho, ukutheleleka ngegciwane okuthinta inhliziyo, ngisho nesifo senhliziyo esitholwe kamuva ebuntwaneni ngenxa yokugula noma ama-syndromes ezakhi zofuzo.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngentuthuko kwezokwelapha nakwezobuchwepheshe, izingane eziningi ezinesifo senhliziyo ziyaqhubeka nokuphila impilo esebenzayo, egcwele.

Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso

Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso (CHD) wuhlobo lwesifo senhliziyo izingane ezizalwa nazo, esivame ukubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okukhona lapho kuzalwa. E-U.S., Izingane ezilinganiswayo ezizalwa unyaka nonyaka zine-CHD.

Ama-CHD athinta izingane afaka:

• ukuphazamiseka kwe-valve yenhliziyo njengokuncipha kwe-aortic valve, evimbela ukuhamba kwegazi
• i-hypoplastic heart syndrome, lapho uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo lungathuthuki
• ukuphazamiseka okubandakanya izimbobo enhliziyweni, imvamisa ezindongeni eziphakathi kwamakamelo naphakathi kwemithambo yegazi emikhulu eshiya inhliziyo, kufaka phakathi:
  • ukukhubazeka kwe-ventricular septal
  • ukukhubazeka kwamaseli we-atrial
  • i-patent ductus arteriosus
• i-tetralogy of Fallot, eyinhlanganisela yeziphambeko ezine, kufaka phakathi:
  • imbobo ku-septum ye-ventricular
  • umgudu omncane phakathi kwe-ventricle efanele kanye nomthambo wamaphaphu
  • uhlangothi oluvulekile lwenhliziyo
  • i-aorta ebalekile

Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho kungaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside empilweni yengane. Zivamise ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa, izinqubo zekhasethi, imishanguzo, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, ukufakelwa inhliziyo.

Ezinye izingane zizodinga ukuqashwa nokwelashwa impilo yonke.

I-atherosclerosis

I-atherosclerosis yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukwakheka kwamapuleti agcwele amafutha kanye ne-cholesterol ngaphakathi kwemithambo. Njengoba i-buildup yanda, imithambo iyaqina futhi inciphise, okwandisa ubungozi bamahlule egazi nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ngokuvamile kuthatha iminyaka eminingi ukukhula kwe-atherosclerosis. Akuvamile ukuthi izingane noma intsha ihlupheke ngakho.

Kodwa-ke ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, nezinye izinkinga zempilo kubeka izingane engcupheni enkulu. Odokotela batusa ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol ephezulu nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ezinganeni ezinezinto eziyingozi njengomlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sikashukela futhi zikhuluphele ngokweqile noma zikhuluphele.

Ukwelashwa ngokujwayelekile kubandakanya ukuguquka kwendlela yokuphila njengokuvivinya umzimba nokuguqulwa kokudla.

I-Arrhythmias

I-arrhythmia isigqi esingajwayelekile senhliziyo. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi inhliziyo ishaye kancane.

Izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-arrhythmias zingavela ezinganeni, kufaka phakathi:

• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo (i-tachycardia), uhlobo oluvame kakhulu olutholakala ezinganeni oluyi-tachycardia engaphezulu
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane (i-bradycardia)
• i-Q-T Syndrome ende (LQTS)
• I-Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (i-WPW syndrome)

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• ubuthakathaka
• ukukhathala
• isiyezi
• ukuquleka
• ukudla kanzima

Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-arrhythmia nokuthi luyithinta kanjani impilo yengane.

Isifo seKawasaki

Isifo i-Kawasaki isifo esingajwayelekile esithinta kakhulu izingane futhi singadala ukuvuvukala emithanjeni yegazi ezandleni, ezinyaweni, emlonyeni, ezindebeni nasemphinjeni. Iphinde ikhiqize umkhuhlane nokuvuvukala kuma-lymph node. Abaphenyi abaqiniseki okwamanje ukuthi kubangelwa yini.

Ngokusho kwe-American Heart Association (AHA), lesi sifo siyimbangela enkulu yezimo zenhliziyo ezinganeni ezi-1 kwezine. Iningi lingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5.

Ukwelashwa kuncike ebangeni lesifo, kepha kuvame ukufaka ukwelashwa okusheshayo nge-gamma globulin noma i-aspirin efakwa emithanjeni. I-Corticosteroids kwesinye isikhathi inganciphisa izinkinga ezizayo. Izingane ezihlushwa yilesi sifo zivame ukudinga izikhathi zokulandelwa impilo yonke ukuze zibheke impilo yenhliziyo.

Inhliziyo ibubula

Ukububula kwenhliziyo kungumsindo othi "whooshing" owenziwe ngegazi elizungeza emagumbini enhliziyo noma kuma-valve, noma ngemithambo yegazi eseduze kwenhliziyo. Imvamisa ayinangozi. Ngezinye izikhathi kungakhombisa inkinga engaphansi kwenhliziyo.

Ukububula kwenhliziyo kungabangelwa ama-CHD, umkhuhlane, noma i-anemia. Uma udokotela ezwa ukukhononda kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile enganeni, bazokwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhliziyo iphilile. Ukububula kwenhliziyo "okungenacala" kuvame ukuzixazulula ngokwabo, kepha uma ukububula kwenhliziyo kubangelwa inkinga yenhliziyo, kungadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.

I-Pericarditis

Lesi simo senzeka lapho isikhwama esincane noma ulwelwesi oluzungeze inhliziyo (i-pericardium) livuvukale noma lutheleleke. Inani loketshezi phakathi kwezendlalelo zalo ezimbili liyakhula, kuphazamisa ikhono lenhliziyo lokumpompa igazi njengoba kufanele.

I-Pericarditis kungenzeka ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukulungisa i-CHD, noma kungabangelwa ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, ukuhlukunyezwa kwesifuba, noma ukuphazamiseka kwezicubu ezihlangene njenge-lupus. Ukwelashwa kuncike ebucayi besifo, iminyaka yengane, kanye nempilo yayo yonke.

Isifo senhliziyo i-rheumatic

Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, amabhaktheriya e-streptococcus abangela i-strep throat kanye ne-scarlet fever nawo angadala isifo senhliziyo i-rheumatic.

Lesi sifo singalimaza kakhulu futhi unomphela ama-valves enhliziyo nemisipha yenhliziyo (ngokubangela ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo, okwaziwa nge-myocarditis). Ngokusho kweSibhedlela Sezingane SaseSeattle, i-rheumatic fever ngokuvamile ivela ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-5 kuya kwengu-15, kodwa imvamisa izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo esingahle zibonisi iminyaka eyishumi kuya kwengu-20 ngemuva kokugula kwasekuqaleni. I-rheumatic fever kanye nesifo senhliziyo se-rheumatic esalandela manje sekungajwayelekile e-U.S.

Lesi sifo singavinjelwa ngokuphatha ngokushesha i-strep throat ngama-antibiotics.

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane

Amagciwane, ngaphezu kokubanga ukugula okuphefumula noma umkhuhlane, angathinta nempilo yenhliziyo. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungadala i-myocarditis, engathinta ikhono lenhliziyo lokumpompa igazi emzimbeni wonke.

Ukutheleleka kwegciwane lenhliziyo akuvamile futhi kungakhombisa izimpawu ezimbalwa. Lapho izimpawu zivela, ziyefana nezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, kufaka phakathi ukukhathala, ukuphefumula okuncane, nokungakhululeki kwesifuba. Ukwelashwa kufaka imithi kanye nokwelashwa kwezimpawu ze-myocarditis.