Ukungakwazi ukusebenza kweMitral: kuyini, iziqu, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izinga lokuphinda kwenziwe kabusha kwe-mitral
• 1. Ukuvuselelwa okuncane kwe-mitral
• 2. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-mitral okulingene
• 3. Ukuvuselelwa okukhulu kwe-mitral
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona
• Yelashwa kanjani
• 1. Ukulandelelwa Kwezokwelapha
• 2. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi
• 3. Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo
• Ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa

Ukungasebenzi kahle kweMitral, okubizwa nangokuthi ukubuyiswa kabusha kwe-mitral, kwenzeka lapho kunenkinga ku-mitral valve, okuyisakhiwo senhliziyo esihlukanisa i-atrium yesobunxele ne-ventricle yesobunxele. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, i-mitral valve ayivali ngokuphelele, ibangela umthamo omncane wegazi ubuyele emaphashini esikhundleni sokushiya inhliziyo inisele umzimba.

Abantu abane-mitral insufficiency bavame ukuzwa izimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya ngemuva kokwenza imizamo elula, ukukhwehlela okungapheli nokukhathala ngokweqile.

Ukusakazwa kukhubazeka kakhulu lapho kulimala kakhulu i-mitral valve, evame ukuphelelwa ngamandla ngobudala, noma ngemuva kwesifo se-myocardial infarction, ngokwesibonelo. Kodwa-ke, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitral nakho kungaba yinkinga yokuzalwa. Kunoma ikuphi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitral kudinga ukwelashwa ngudokotela wezinhliziyo ongawuncoma umuthi noma ukuhlinzwa.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu zokuvuselelwa kwe-mitral kungathatha iminyaka ukuvela, ngoba lolu shintsho lwenzeka kancane kancane, ngakho-ke luvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka yobudala ethe xaxa. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokubuyiswa kwe-mitral yilezi:

• Ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi lapho wenza umzamo othile noma lapho uzolala;
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile;
• Khwehlela, ikakhulukazi ebusuku;
• Ukushaya ngamandla nokushaya kwenhliziyo;
• Ukuvuvukala izinyawo namaqakala.

Lapho kukhona lezi zimpawu, kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela wenhliziyo ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa futhi kuqale ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.

Ukuxilongwa kokungakwazi ukusebenza kahle kwe-mitral kwenziwa ngokususelwa kwizimpawu, umlando womtholampilo nomndeni wezinkinga zenhliziyo nangokuhlolwa okufana nokukhuthaza inhliziyo nge-stethoscope ukuhlola noma yimuphi umsindo noma umsindo ngesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo, i-electrocardiogram, i-echocardiogram, i-x-ray, i-computed i-tomography noma i-magnetic resonance imaging; nokuzivocavoca ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.

Olunye uhlobo lokuhlolwa okungafunwa udokotela wenhliziyo yi-catheterization, ekuvumela ukuthi ubuke inhliziyo ngaphakathi futhi uhlole ukulimala kwama-valve wenhliziyo. Thola ukuthi i-catheterization yenhliziyo yenziwa kanjani.

Izinga lokuphinda kwenziwe kabusha kwe-mitral

Ukungakwazi ukusebenza kweMitral kungahlukaniswa kumazinga athile ngokuya ngobukhulu bezimpawu nembangela, okuyiyona eyinhloko:

1. Ukuvuselelwa okuncane kwe-mitral

Ukubuyiswa kwe-mitral discrete, okubizwa nangokuthi ukubuyiswa okuncane kwe-mitral, akuvezi zimpawu, akukubi futhi akudingi ukwelashwa, kutholakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile lapho udokotela ezwa umsindo ohlukile lapho enza ukuthokozisa kwenhliziyo nge-stethoscope.

2. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-mitral okulingene

Lolu hlobo lokungakwazi ukusebenza kahle kwe-mitral lubangela izimpawu ezingacacisi ezingezimbi, njengokukhathala, ngokwesibonelo, futhi asikho isidingo sokwelashwa ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela ulalela kuphela inhliziyo yomuntu futhi anikeze ukuhlolwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi nambili, njenge-echocardiography noma ama-X-ray esifubeni ukubheka i-mitral valve bese ubona ukuthi ukubuyiswa kwe-mitral sekukubi kakhulu.

3. Ukuvuselelwa okukhulu kwe-mitral

Ukuvuselelwa ngamandla kwe-mitral kubangela izimpawu zokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela nokuvuvukala kwezinyawo namaqakala, futhi kuvame ukunconywa udokotela ukuthi asebenzise umuthi noma enze ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa noma ukufaka i-valve esikhundleni kuye ngeminyaka yomuntu.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona

Ukungakwazi ukusebenza kahle kwe-Mitral kungenzeka kahle ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwemisipha yenhliziyo ebangelwa i-acute myocardial infarction, i-infectous endocarditis noma imiphumela emibi ye-radiotherapy noma imithi, efana ne-fenfluramine noma i-ergotamine, isibonelo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungahle kunconywe ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa noma ukufaka i-valve esikhundleni.

Ezinye izifo zingashintsha umsebenzi we-mitral valve futhi zibangele ukubuyiswa okungapheli kwemitral, njengezifo ze-rheumatic, i-mitral valve prolapse, ukubalwa kwe-mitral valve uqobo noma i-congenital valve valve, isibonelo. Lolu hlobo lokwehluleka luyaqhubeka futhi kufanele lulashwe ngemithi noma ngokuhlinzwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuselelwa kwe-mitral kungenzeka ngenxa yokuguga, futhi kunengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa ukubuyiswa kwe-mitral uma kunomlando womndeni wesifo.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-mitral insufficiency kuyahlukahluka ngokushuba kwesifo, izimpawu noma uma lesi sifo siba sibi, futhi kuhlose ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, ukunciphisa izimpawu nezimpawu nokugwema izinkinga ezizayo.

1. Ukulandelelwa Kwezokwelapha

Ukuvuselelwa kwe-mitral emnene noma emnene kungahle kungadingi ukwelashwa, kunconywa ukulandelwa okujwayelekile kwezokwelapha futhi imvamisa izoncika ebukhulwini besifo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela angancoma ushintsho lwendlela yokuphila enempilo njengokudla okunomsoco kanye nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi elula yomzimba njengokuhamba, ngokwesibonelo.

2. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi

Ezimweni lapho umuntu enezimpawu noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitral kunzima noma kungalapheki, ngokwesibonelo, udokotela angakhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile efana nale:

• Izidakamizwa: la makhambi asiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuqoqeka koketshezi emaphashini noma emilenzeni;
• Ama-anticoagulants: zikhonjisiwe ukusiza ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi futhi zingasetshenziswa ezimweni ze-fibrillation ye-atrial;
• Izidakamizwa eziphikisayo: esetshenziselwa ukulawula ukucindezelwa kwegazi, njengoba umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungakhubaza ukuvuselelwa kwe-mitral.

Le mithi isiza ekwelapheni nasekulawuleni izimpawu, kepha ayizibheki izimbangela zokuvuselelwa kwemitral.

3. Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo

Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo, okubizwa nge-valvuloplasty, kungakhonjiswa ngudokotela wezinhliziyo ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukulungisa noma ukushintsha i-mitral valve nokugwema izinkinga ezifana nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, i-atrial fibrillation noma i-pulmonary hypertension. Qonda ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kwenziwa kanjani ekubuyiseleni kabusha kwe-mitral.

Ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa

Izindlela ezithile zokuphila zibalulekile lapho welapha ukubuyiswa kwe-mitral futhi zifaka:

• Ingabe ukuqapha kwezokwelapha ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo;
• Ungabhemi;
• Gwema iziphuzo ezidakayo kanye ne-caffeine;
• Yenza izivivinyo zomzimba ezinconywe ngudokotela;
• Yiba nokudla okunempilo nokulinganisela.

Kwabesifazane abangenakho ukusebenza kahle kwe-mitral futhi abafisa ukukhulelwa, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokukhulelwa ukubona ukuthi ngabe i-valve yenhliziyo iyakubekezelela yini ukukhulelwa, njengoba ukukhulelwa kwenza inhliziyo isebenze kanzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangemva kokubeletha, ukuqapha okuvamile nodokotela wenhliziyo nodokotela wokubelethisa kufanele kwenziwe.

Endabeni yabantu abathole i-valvuloplasty, futhi abadinga ukwelashwa ngamazinyo, udokotela kufanele anikeze ama-antibiotic ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ku-valve yenhliziyo ebizwa nge-infective endocarditis. Bona ukuthi i-bacterial endocarditis iphathwa kanjani.