I-cerebral ischemia: kuyini, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Yini i-ischemia ye-cerebral yesikhashana
• I-sequelae engenzeka ye-cerebral ischemia
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona
• Kwenziwa kanjani ukwelashwa nokuvimbela i-cerebral ischemia

I-cerebral ischemia noma i-ischemic stroke kwenzeka lapho ukwehla noma ukungabi khona kokugeleza kwegazi okuya ebuchosheni, ngaleyo ndlela kwehliswe inani le-oksijini elifinyelela kulowo mzimba futhi eliveza isimo se-cerebral hypoxia. I-Cerebral hypoxia ingaholela ekulandeleni okunamandla noma ngisho nasekufeni uma umuntu engakhonjwa futhi elashwa ngokushesha lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala, njengokuzela, ukukhubazeka kwezingalo nemilenze kanye nezinguquko enkulumweni nasekubukeni.

I-cerebral ischemia ingenzeka noma nini, ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca umzimba noma ngisho nokulala, futhi kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, i-atherosclerosis kanye ne-sickle cell anemia. Ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngokususelwa ekuhlolweni kwe-imaging, njenge-magnetic resonance kanye ne-computed tomography.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-ischemia ye-cerebral, yilezi:

1. Okugxilile, lapho ihlwili livimba umkhumbi wobuchopho futhi livimbele noma lehlise ukudlula kwegazi liye ebuchosheni, okungaholela ekufeni kwamaseli esifundeni sobuchopho esivinjelwe;
2. Umhlaba jikelele, lapho kuthinteka lonke igazi eliya ebuchosheni, okungaholela ekulimaleni unomphela kobuchopho uma kungaziwa futhi kwelashwa ngokushesha.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu ze-cerebral ischemia zingahlala kusuka kumasekhondi kuye ezinkathini ezinde futhi kungaba:

• Ukuphelelwa amandla ezingalweni nasemilenzeni;
• Isiyezi;
• Ukulinganisa;
• Kunzima ukukhuluma;
• Ikhanda;
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• Ingcindezi ephezulu;
• Ukuntuleka kokuxhumanisa;
• Ukuquleka;
• Ubuthakathaka kolunye noma zombili izinhlangothi zomzimba.

Izimpawu ze-cerebral ischemia kufanele zikhonjwe ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze kuqale ukwelashwa, ngaphandle kwalokho kungenzeka ukulimala kobuchopho okungapheli. E-cerebral ischemia yesikhashana izimpawu ziyadlula futhi zihlala ngaphansi kwamahora angama-24, kodwa futhi kufanele zelashwe ngemitholampilo.

Yini i-ischemia ye-cerebral yesikhashana

I-ischemia ye-cerebral yesikhashana, ebizwa nangokuthi i-TIA noma i-mini-stroke, yenzeka lapho kwehla ukujikeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni esikhathini esifushane, nezimpawu zokufika okungazelelwe futhi kuvame ukunyamalala cishe emahoreni angama-24, futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha njengoba kunjalo kungaba njalo.ukuqala kwe-ischemia ebucayi kakhulu.

I-ischemia yesikhashana kufanele iphathwe ngokuya ngemikhombandlela yezokwelapha futhi imvamisa yenziwa ngokwelashwa kwama-comorbidities, njengesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kanye nezinguquko ekudleni nasekwenzeni imikhuba yokuphila, njengokuvivinya umzimba nokuncipha kokudla kwamafutha notshwala, ngaphezu kwalokho ukugwema ukubhema. Funda ukuthi ungasibona kanjani futhi usiphathe kanjani isifo sohlangothi.

I-sequelae engenzeka ye-cerebral ischemia

I-cerebral ischemia ingashiya i-sequelae, njenge:

• Ubuthakathaka noma ukukhubazeka kwengalo, umlenze noma ubuso;
• Khubaza konke noma uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba;
• Ukulahleka kokuhlanganiswa kwezimoto;
• Kunzima ukugwinya;
• Izinkinga zokubonisana;
• Kunzima ukukhuluma;
• Izinkinga ezingokomzwelo, njengokucindezeleka;
• Ubunzima embonweni;
• Ukulimala kwengqondo okungapheli.

Ukulandelana kwe-ischemia ye-cerebral kuyahluka kakhulu kuye ngomuntu kuye komunye futhi kuncike lapho ischemia yenzeka khona nesikhathi esathathwa ukuqala ukwelashwa, imvamisa kudinga ukuhambisana nomelaphi womzimba, owelapha ukukhuluma noma owelapha emsebenzini ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo futhi vimbela ukulandelana kokuhlala unomphela.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona

Izimbangela ze-ischemia yobuchopho zihlobene kakhulu nendlela yokuphila yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, abantu abane-atherosclerosis, isifo sikashukela nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, okuyizifo ezihlobene nemikhuba yokudla, basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-cerebral ischemia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abane-sickle cell anemia nabo banamathuba amaningi okuthi bahlupheke ngokuncipha komoya we-oxygenation, njengoba uhlobo oluguquliwe lwamaseli abomvu alukuvumeli ukuthuthwa okwanele komoya-mpilo.

Izinkinga ezihlobene nokuqina, okufana nokuphazamiseka kweplatelet kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-coagulation, nakho kuthanda ukuvela kwe-ischemia ye-cerebral, njengoba kunethuba elikhulu lokuvinjelwa komkhumbi wobuchopho.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukwelashwa nokuvimbela i-cerebral ischemia

Ukwelashwa kwe-ischemia yobuchopho kwenziwa ngokubheka ubukhulu behlwili nemiphumela engaba khona kumuntu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezihlanza ihlule, njenge-Alteplase, noma ukuhlinzwa kungakhonjiswa. Ukwelashwa kufanele kwenzeke esibhedlela ukuze kubhekwe ukucindezelwa kwegazi nengcindezi yangaphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe izinkinga ezingaba khona.

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwemithi, kubalulekile ukuthi ufune usizo kudokotela owelapha ngokomzimba, owelapha ukukhuluma noma owelapha emsebenzini ukuze athuthukise impilo yomuntu futhi agweme ukulimala unomphela. Bona ukuthi ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi kwenziwa kanjani.

Ngemuva kokukhishwa esibhedlela, imikhuba emihle kufanele igcinwe ukuze ubungozi besimo esisha se-cerebral ischemia bube buncane, okungukuthi, ukunakekelwa kufanele kunikezwe ekudleni, ukugwema ukudla okunamafutha nosawoti omningi, ukwenza imisebenzi yomzimba, ukugwema ukuphuza iziphuzo ezidakayo nokuyeka ukubhema. Kunemithi ethile yasekhaya engavimbela ukushaywa unhlangothi, njengoba inezinto ezivimbela igazi ekubeni likhulu kakhulu futhi lakhe amahlule.