Umdlavuza wegazi

-Delile

• Isifinyezo
• Yini i-leukemia?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-leukemia?
• Yini ebangela i-leukemia?
• Ubani osengozini ye-leukemia?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-leukemia?
• Itholakala kanjani i-leukemia?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-leukemia?

Isifinyezo

Yini i-leukemia?

I-leukemia yigama lomdlavuza wamaseli egazi. I-leukemia iqala ezicutshini ezakha igazi njengomnkantsha wethambo. Umnkantsha wakho wenza amaseli azokhula abe ngamaseli amhlophe egazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, nama-platelets. Uhlobo ngalunye lweseli lunomsebenzi ohlukile:

• Amaseli egazi amhlophe asiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka
• Amaseli egazi abomvu aletha umoya-mpilo emaphashini akho uye ezicutshini nasezithweni zakho
• Ama-platelets asiza ukwakha amahlule ukuze ayeke ukopha

Uma une-leukemia, umnkantsha wakho wenza inani elikhulu lamaseli angajwayelekile. Le nkinga ivame ukwenzeka ngamaseli amhlophe egazi. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile akhela emnkantsheni nasegazini lakho. Bagcwalisa amangqamuzana egazi aphilile futhi bakwenze kube nzima ngamaseli akho negazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-leukemia?

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-leukemia. Yiluphi uhlobo lwe-leukemia onayo kuncike ohlotsheni lweseli legazi eliba ngumdlavuza nokuthi likhula ngokushesha noma kancane.

Uhlobo lwengqamuzana yegazi kungaba

• Ama-lymphocyte, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe
• Amaseli we-Myeloid, amaseli angavuthiwe aba ngamaseli amhlophe egazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, noma ama-platelets

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zingakhula ngokushesha noma kancane:

• I-leukemia enamandla ikhula ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile kuba kubi ngokushesha uma kungalashwa.
• I-leukemia engapheli ikhula kancane. Imvamisa iba yimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-leukemia yilezi

• I-leukemia enamandla ye-lymphocytic (BONKE), okuwuhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu ezinganeni. Kungathinta nabantu abadala.
• I-myeloid leukemia enamandla (AML), okuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala asebekhulile kodwa futhi kungathinta nezingane
• I-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli (CLL), okungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-leukemia kubantu abadala. Kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi noma ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala.
• I-myeloid leukemia engapheli (CML), okuvame ukwenzeka kubantu abadala ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala

Yini ebangela i-leukemia?

I-leukemia yenzeka lapho kuba nezinguquko ezintweni zofuzo (i-DNA) kumaseli omnkantsha. Imbangela yalezi zinguquko zofuzo ayikaziwa.

Ubani osengozini ye-leukemia?

Ngezinhlobo ezithile, kunezici ezahlukahlukene ezingakhuphula ubungozi bokuthola lolo hlobo. Sekukonke, ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza wegazi inyuka njengoba ukhula. Kuvame kakhulu kuneminyaka yobudala engama-60.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-leukemia?

Ezinye zezimpawu ze-leukemia zingafaka

• Ukuzizwa ngikhathele
• Imfiva noma ukujuluka ebusuku
• Ukulinyazwa okulula noma ukopha
• Ukwehla kwesisindo noma ukulahlekelwa ukudla
• I-Petechiae, engamachashazi abomvu amancane ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Zibangelwa ukopha.

Ezinye izimpawu ze-leukemia zingahluka kuhlobo lohlobo. I-chromic leukemia kungenzeka ingazibangeli izimpawu ekuqaleni.

Itholakala kanjani i-leukemia?

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angasebenzisa amathuluzi amaningi ukuthola i-leukemia:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba
• Umlando wezokwelapha
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okufana nokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (CBC)
• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko - ukufisa umnkantsha wamathambo kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo. Kokubili ukuhlolwa kuhilela ukususa isampula lomnkantsha wethambo nethambo. Amasampuli athunyelwa elebhu ukuyohlolwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukubheka izinguquko zofuzo kanye ne-chromosome

Lapho umhlinzeki enza ukuxilongwa, kungahle kube nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekile yini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging kanye ne-lumbar puncture, okuyinqubo yokuqoqa nokuhlola i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-leukemia?

Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia kuncike ekutheni unhloboni uhlobo, ukuthi i-leukemia inzima kangakanani, iminyaka yakho, impilo yakho yonke, nezinye izinto. Okunye ukwelashwa okungenzeka kungafaka

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• I-Chemotherapy ngokufakelwa kwe-stem cell
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, okusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma ezinye izinto ezihlasela amangqamuzana athile omdlavuza ngokulimaza okuncane kumaseli ajwayelekile

I-NIH: Isikhungo Somdlavuza Kazwelonke