Ukweqa Amaphaphu: Ingabe Ukususa Kuyadingeka?

-Delile

• Ingabe izibazi zamaphaphu zinzima?
• Uhlelo lokwelashwa kwesibazi samaphaphu
• Ungaziphatha kanjani izimpawu eziboshelwe ekushayeni amaphaphu
• Ungasivimbela kanjani isibazi samaphaphu esengeziwe
• Ingabe ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kuyadingeka?
• Izinkinga ezingenzeka zokuqhuma kwamaphaphu
• Lapho uzobona udokotela wakho
• Umbono

Ngabe kuyadingeka ukususwa kwezicubu zesikhumba?

Izibazi zamaphaphu zibangelwa ukulimala ephashini. Zinezimbangela ezahlukahlukene, futhi akukho okungenziwa uma izicubu zamaphaphu sezonakele. Kodwa-ke, amaphaphu ayakwazi ukubekezelela futhi angakwazi ukubekezelela izibazi ezincane ezingavuki ezingenayo imiphumela emibi.

Odokotela imvamisa abaphathi izibazi emaphashini ezizinzile. Ukususwa akudingekile, noma ngabe isibazi sikhula. Kulesi simo, udokotela wakho uzokwelapha lesi simo esidala isibazi futhi anciphise noma ayeke ukuqhubeka kwaso.

Ingabe izibazi zamaphaphu zinzima?

Izindawo ezincane zokuqunjelwa kwamaphaphu ngokuvamile azibi zimbi. Akufanele zithinte ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila noma isikhathi sokuphila.

Lokho kusho, izibazi ezisakazekile nezandayo emaphashini zingakhombisa isimo sezempilo esiyisisekelo. Lesi simo esingaphansi singathinta ikhwalithi yakho yempilo kanye nempilo yonke. Kulezi zimo, udokotela wakho uzonquma umthombo wesibazi bese ebhekana naso ngqo.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zokushwabana kwamaphaphu, odokotela kungadingeka ukuthi bafake esikhundleni sephaphu ngokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kwaziwa njengokufakelwa kwamaphaphu.

Uhlelo lokwelashwa kwesibazi samaphaphu

Ukususa isibazi ngqo akuyona inketho. Esikhundleni salokho, udokotela wakho uzohlola ukubola futhi anqume ukuthi ngabe yiziphi ezinye izinyathelo ezidingekayo.

Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa izithombe ze-X-ray ukuhlola usayizi nokuqina kwesibazi. Bazobheka nokuthi isibazi siyanda yini. Ukuze benze lokhu, bazoqhathanisa i-X-ray yesifuba esidala nenye entsha ukuze babone ukuthi izindawo zokubaba sezikhulile yini. Ezimweni eziningi, wena dokotela ungakhetha ukusebenzisa i-CT scan ngaphezu kwe-X-ray.

Uma isibazi senziwe sasendaweni, okusho ukuthi sisendaweni eyodwa kuphela, noma sihlale silingana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuvamile asinabungozi. Izibazi zalolu hlobo ngokuvamile zibangelwa ukutheleleka kwangaphambilini. Uma ukutheleleka okubangele lesi sibazi kusetshenzelwe, ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo akudingekile.

Uma isibazi sikhula noma sisakazeke kabanzi, lokhu kungakhombisa ukuvezwa okungaguquki ezintweni ezingadala isibazi samaphaphu njengobuthi noma imithi. Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zingadala ukubola, futhi. Lokhu kungaholela enkingeni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-interstitial lung disease (ILD). I-ILD isho isethi yezifo ezinciphisa ukuqina kwamaphaphu.

Udokotela wakho futhi angancoma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, njenge-biopsy yamaphaphu, ukuqoqa imininingwane eminingi noma ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesifo. Kulezi zimo, udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa ukuphatha isimo esingaphansi futhi avimbele okunye ukubola.

Ungaziphatha kanjani izimpawu eziboshelwe ekushayeni amaphaphu

Ubukhulu nohlobo lwezimpawu ezibangelwa ukuqhuma kwamaphaphu kuzohluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.

Ezimweni eziningi, abantu abanesibazi samaphaphu esimnene noma esasendaweni ngeke babe nezimpawu.

Uma unesibazi esikhulu samaphaphu, njengohlobo olutholakala ku-lung fibrosis, kuvame ukubangelwa impendulo engeyinhle yokulungisa ukulimala. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• ukuphefumula okuncane (i-dyspnea)
• ukukhathala
• ukuphefumula kanzima ngokuzivocavoca umzimba
• ukuncipha kwesisindo okungaqondakali
• iminwe noma izinzwane ezikhulayo futhi zibe yindilinga enqeni (clubbing)
• imisipha namalunga
• ukukhwehlela okomile

Udokotela wakho angancoma okukodwa noma okuningi kokulandelayo ukukusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho:

• Imithi: Uma isibazi siqhubeka, udokotela wakho kungenzeka anikeze umuthi owephuza ukwakheka kwesibazi. Izinketho zifaka i-pirfenidone (Esbriet) ne-nintedanib (i-Ofev).
• Ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen: Lokhu kungasiza ukwenza ukuphefumula kube lula, futhi kunciphise nezinkinga ezivela emazingeni aphansi e-oxygen. Kodwa-ke, ngeke kunciphise ukulimala emaphashini.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu: Le ndlela isebenzisa izinguquko ezahlukahlukene zendlela yokuphila ukwenza ngcono impilo yakho iyonke ngakho ukusikwa kwamaphaphu akubangeli izinkinga eziningi. Kubandakanya ukuvivinya umzimba, ukwelulekwa ngokudla, izindlela zokuphefumula, nokwelulekwa nokusekelwa.

Ungasivimbela kanjani isibazi samaphaphu esengeziwe

Umsebenzi wamaphaphu ungagcinwa uma ungavimbela ukuqhubeka kwesibazi.

Kwezinye izimo, unganciphisa ubungozi bakho bokuqhubeka nokuqothuka ngu:

• Ukugwema noma ukunciphisa ukuxhumana namakhemikhali ayingozi, njenge-asbestos ne-silica.
• Ukuyeka ukubhema. Amakhemikhali amaningi entuthu kagwayi akhuthaza ukutheleleka, ukuvuvukala kanye nezifo ezingadala isibazi.
• Ukuthatha inkambo efanele yemithi uma unesifo samaphaphu. Landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho kuzo zombili izifundo zokwelashwa bese ulandela.
• Ukunamathela kuhlelo lwakho lokuphathwa kwezifo uma isibazi sibangelwa yimisebe yokwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu noma esinye isimo esingalapheki. Lokhu kungafaka i-immunotherapy.

Ingabe ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kuyadingeka?

Iningi labantu abanesibazi samaphaphu ngeke lidinge ukufakelwa. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokuthi izibazi eziningi zamaphaphu aziqhubeki zikhula noma zilimaza ngamandla amaphaphu. Izimpawu zivame ukulawulwa ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa.

Ezimweni lapho ukushaqeka kwamaphaphu kunzima kakhulu, njenge-pulmonary fibrosis, udokotela wakho angancoma ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu. Kule nqubo, iphaphu elingenampilo lithathelwa indawo iphaphu eliphilile elinikelwe komunye umuntu. Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungenziwa kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amaphaphu futhi cishe kubo bonke abantu abangenazo izinkinga zempilo kuze kufike eminyakeni engama-65. Abanye abantu abanempilo engaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 bangaba ukhetho nabo.

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kuthwala izingozi zesikhashana, kufaka phakathi:

• ukwenqatshwa kwephaphu elisha, yize le ngozi incishisiwe ngokukhetha ukufana okuhle nokulungiselela okufanele amasosha omzimba
• ukutheleleka
• ukuvinjelwa kwemigwaqo yomoya nemithambo yegazi emaphashini
• uketshezi ukugcwalisa amaphaphu (i-edema yamaphaphu)
• amahlule egazi nokopha

Izinkinga ezingenzeka zokuqhuma kwamaphaphu

Ukonakala okukhulu kwamaphaphu kusongela impilo futhi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezilandelayo:

• amahlule egazi emaphashini
• ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu
• ukuwa kwamaphaphu (pneumothorax)
• ukwehluleka ukuphefumula
• umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu
• ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo emaceleni
• ukufa

Lapho uzobona udokotela wakho

Yize izibazi ezincane zamaphaphu ngokuvamile zinobungozi, kunezimo ezithile lapho ukusikeka kungakhula noma kujule ngokwanele ukuthinta impilo yakho yonke.

Bheka udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana njalo nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukujuluka ebusuku noma amakhaza
• ukukhathala
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukwehla kwesisindo okungalindelekile
• imfiva
• ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
• ukuncipha kwekhono lokuzivocavoca umzimba

Umbono

Izibazi zamaphaphu ezincane aziyona ingozi empilweni yakho yonke futhi azidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukusikwa okubanzi kakhulu kungakhombisa isimo sezempilo esiyisisekelo, njenge-pulmonary fibrosis, futhi sidinga ukuphathwa ngokwelashwa. Ezimweni lapho umuthi ungasheshi noma ulawule isibazi esiqhubekayo, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungadingeka.