Ukufakelwa Kwamaphaphu

-Delile

• Kungani ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kwenziwa
• Izingozi zokufakelwa kwamaphaphu
• Ungakulungiselela kanjani ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu
• Kwenziwa kanjani ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu
• Ukulandela ngemuva kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu
• Umbono

Kuyini ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu?

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungukuhlinzwa okufaka esikhundleni samaphaphu agulayo noma ahlulekayo ngamaphaphu anikelayo anempilo.

Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, kube nokufakelwa kwamaphaphu okungaphezu kuka-36,100 okuqediwe e-United States kusukela ngo-1988. Iningi lalabo bahlinzwayo lalisezigulini ezineminyaka engu-18 kuya kwengu-64 ubudala.

Izinga lokusinda kweziguli zokufakelwa kwamaphaphu lithuthukile eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokusho kwe-, inani lokusinda lonyaka owodwa lokufakelwa kwamaphaphu okukodwa licishe libe ngamaphesenti angama-80. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50. Lezo zinombolo zaziphansi kakhulu eminyakeni engama-20 edlule.

Amanani okusinda ayahlukahluka ngesikhungo. Lapho ucwaninga ukuthi uzohlinzwa kuphi, kubalulekile ukubuza ngamazinga okusinda esikhungo.

Kungani ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kwenziwa

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kubhekwa njengenketho yokugcina yokwelapha ukwehluleka kwamaphaphu. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila zizovivinywa njalo kuqala.

Izimo ezingalimaza amaphaphu akho ngokwanele ukudinga ukufakelwa zifaka:

• isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD)
• i-cystic fibrosis
• emphysema
• i-fibrosis yamaphaphu
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme wamaphaphu
• sarcoidosis

Izingozi zokufakelwa kwamaphaphu

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungukuhlinzwa okukhulu. Kuza nezingozi eziningi. Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho kufanele axoxe nawe ukuthi izingozi ezihambisana nenqubo zingaphezu kwezinzuzo yini. Kufanele futhi ukhulume ngalokho ongakwenza ukunciphisa izingozi zakho.

Ingozi enkulu yokufakelwa kwamaphaphu ukwenqatshwa komzimba. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amasosha akho omzimba ehlasela iphini lomnikeli wakho njengesifo. Ukwenqatshwa okukhulu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwephaphu elinikelwe.

Ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zingavela emithini esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukwaliwa. Lokhu kubizwa nge- “immunosuppressants.” Zisebenza ngokwehlisa impendulo yakho yokuzivikela ezifweni, okwenza ukuthi amathuba okuba umzimba wakho uhlasele iphaphu elisha "langaphandle".

Ama-immuneosuppressants akhulisa ubungozi bokutheleleka, ngoba "unogada" womzimba wakho wehlisiwe.

Ezinye izingozi zokuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu kanye nemithi okufanele uyithathe ngemuva kwalokho ifaka phakathi:

• ukopha namahlule egazi
• umdlavuza kanye nezibi ngenxa yokuzivikela komzimba
• isifo sikashukela
• ukulimala kwezinso
• izinkinga zesisu
• ukuncipha kwamathambo akho (ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo)

Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalo kadokotela wakho ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa kwakho. Lokhu kungasiza ukunciphisa izingozi zakho. Imiyalo izofaka phakathi ukukhetha impilo enempilo, njengokudla ukudla okunempilo nokungabhemi. Kufanele futhi ugweme ukulahleka noma yimiphi imithamo yemithi.

Ungakulungiselela kanjani ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu

Ukulimala ngokomzwelo kokulinda iphaphu lomnikeli kungaba nzima.

Lapho usuthole izivivinyo ezidingekayo futhi wahlangabezana nezidingo zokufaneleka, uzobekwa ohlwini lokulinda lwephaphu lomnikeli. Isikhathi sakho sokulinda ohlwini sincike kokulandelayo:

• ukutholakala kwamaphaphu afanayo
• uhlobo lwegazi
• ibanga lendawo phakathi komnikeli nomamukeli
• ubunzima besimo sakho
• ubukhulu bephaphu lomnikeli
• impilo yakho yonke

Uzohlolwa izivivinyo eziningi zaselebhu nezokucabanga. Ungase futhi uthole ukwelulekwa ngokomzwelo nangokwezimali. Udokotela wakho udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungele ngokuphelele imiphumela yenqubo.

Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalo ephelele yokuthi ungakulungiselela kanjani kahle ukuhlinzwa kwakho.

Uma ulinde iphaphu lomnikeli, kuhle ukuthi izikhwama zakho zipakishwe kusenesikhathi. Isaziso sokuthi isitho siyatholakala singeza noma nini.

Futhi, qiniseka ukugcina yonke imininingwane yakho yokuxhumana isesikhathini esibhedlela. Badinga ukuthi bakwazi ukuxhumana nawe lapho iphini lomnikeli litholakala.

Uma waziswa ukuthi kukhona iphaphu lomnikeli, uzotshelwa ukuthi ubike esikhungweni sokufakelwa kabusha ngokushesha.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu

Lapho wena nomhlinzeki wakho wamaphaphu nifika esibhedlela, nizobe nilungele ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukugqoka ingubo yasesibhedlela, ukuthola i-IV, nokwenza i-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Lokhu kuzokufaka ebuthongweni obenziwe. Uzovuka egumbini lokutakula ngemuva kokuba iphaphu lakho elisha selisendaweni.

Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza lizofaka ithubhu ku-windpipe yakho ukukusiza uphefumule. Kungafakwa enye ithubhu emakhaleni akho. Izokhipha isisu sakho. Ipayipi lizosetshenziswa ukugcina isinye sakho singenalutho.

Ungase futhi ufakwe emshinini wenhliziyo namaphaphu. Lo mshini upompa igazi lakho bese uliphuzela umoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzokwenza imbobo enkulu esifubeni sakho. Ngalesi sigcawu, iphaphu lakho elidala lizosuswa. Iphaphu lakho elisha lizoxhunyaniswa nomgudu wakho omkhulu womoya nemithambo yegazi.

Lapho iphaphu elisha lisebenza kahle, imbobo izovalwa. Uzothuthelwa egumbini labagula kakhulu (i-ICU) ukuze ululame.

Ngokusho kwe-, inqubo ejwayelekile yamaphaphu angathatha phakathi kwamahora amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Ukudluliswa kwamaphaphu kabili kungathatha kufikela kumahora ayi-12.

Ukulandela ngemuva kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu

Ungalindela ukuhlala e-ICU izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kwenqubo. Izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile zizodinga ukubhekelwa eduze. Kungenzeka uxhunywe kumshini wokuphefumula ongakusiza uphefumule. Amashubhu azophinde axhumeke esifubeni sakho ukukhipha noma yikuphi ukwanda ketshezi.

Ukuhlala kwakho konke esibhedlela kungadlula amasonto, kepha kungahle kube kufushane. Ukuhlala kwakho isikhathi eside kuzoya ngokuthi ululama kangakanani.

Ezinyangeni ezintathu ezizayo, uzoba nokuqokwa njalo nethimba lakho lokufakelwa kwamaphaphu. Bazobheka noma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka, ukwenqatshwa, noma ezinye izinkinga. Uzocelwa ukuthi uhlale eduze kwesikhungo sokufakelwa kabusha.

Ngaphambi kokuba uphume esibhedlela, uzonikezwa imiyalo yokuthi ungasinakekela kanjani isilonda sakho sokuhlinzwa. Uzotshelwa futhi nganoma yimiphi imikhawulo okufanele uyilandele futhi unikezwe nemithi.

Kungenzeka, imishanguzo yakho izofaka uhlobo olulodwa noma eziningi ze-immunosuppressant, njenge:

• cyclosporine
• tacrolimus
• i-mycophenolate mofetil
• umabhebhana
• azathioprine
• sirolimus
• daclizumab
• basiliximab
• i-muromonab-CD3 (i-Orthoclone OKT3)

Ama-immunosuppressants abalulekile ngemuva kokufakelwa kwakho. Zisiza ukuvimbela umzimba wakho ekuhlaseleni iphaphu lakho elisha. Kungenzeka uthathe le mithi impilo yakho yonke.

Kodwa-ke, zikushiya uvulekele ukutheleleka nezinye izinkinga. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo yonke imiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Unganikezwa futhi:

• imishanguzo yokulwa nobungozi
• imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane
• ama-antibiotic
• isisu
• umuthi olwa nesilonda

Umbono

Umtholampilo iMayo ubika ukuthi unyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokufakelwa kwesinye isikhathi ubucayi kakhulu. Yilapho izinkinga ezinkulu, ukutheleleka nokwenqatshwa, kuvame kakhulu. Ungazinciphisa lezi zingozi ngokulandela imiyalo yeqembu lakho lokufakelwa kwamaphaphu futhi ubike ngokushesha noma yiziphi izinkinga.

Yize ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kuyingozi, kungaba nezinzuzo ezinkulu. Ngokuya ngesimo sakho, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungakusiza uphile isikhathi eside futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.