Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Ngezifo ZeLyme

-Delile

• Siyini isifo seLyme?
• Izimpawu zesifo seLyme
• Izimpawu zesifo seLyme ezinganeni
• Ukwelashwa kwesifo seLyme
• Isifo seLyme
• Izimpawu zesifo se-Post-Lyme
• Ingabe isifo seLyme siyathathelana?
• Izigaba zesifo seLyme
• Isigaba 1: Isifo sokuqala sendawo
• Isigaba 2: Isifo seLyme esisatshalaliswe kusenesikhathi
• Isigaba 3: Isifo seLyme esisatshalaliswe sekwedlule isikhathi
• Ukuxilongwa kwesifo seLyme
• Ukuvimbela izifo zeLyme
• Isifo seLyme siyimbangela
• Ukudluliswa kwezifo zeLyme
• Ukuphila nesifo seLyme
• Thikha ukuhlolwa kwesifo seLyme

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Siyini isifo seLyme?

Isifo seLyme yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa amagciwane IBorrelia burgdorferi. B. burgdorferi idluliselwa kubantu ngokulunywa ngomkhaza onamagciwane amnyama noma onenyamazane onegciwane. Umkhaza utheleleka ngemuva kokudla izinyamazane, izinyoni noma amagundane.

Umkhaza kufanele ubekhona esikhumbeni okungenani amahora angama-36 ukudlulisa ukutheleleka. Abantu abaningi abanesifo seLyme abanayo inkumbulo yokulunywa umkhaza.

Isifo seLyme saqala ukubonwa edolobheni lase-Old Lyme, e-Connecticut, ngo-1975. Yisifo esihlasela kakhulu imikhaza eYurophu nase-United States.

Abantu abahlala noma abachitha isikhathi ezindaweni ezinezihlahla ezaziwa ngokudluliswa kwalesi sifo maningi amathuba okuthi bathole lesi sifo. Abantu abanezilwane ezifuywayo ezivakashela izindawo ezinamahlathi nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo seLyme.

Izimpawu zesifo seLyme

Abantu abanesifo seLyme bangasabela kuso ngokuhlukile, futhi izimpawu zingahluka kakhulu.

Yize isifo seLyme sivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu - okwenziwe okokuqala ngqa endaweni, ukusatshalaliswa kokuqala, nokusakazwa sekwedlule isikhathi - izimpawu zingahlangana. Abanye abantu bazophinde bathule esigabeni esilandelayo sesifo ngaphandle kokuba nezimpawu zesifo sangaphambilini.

Lezi ngezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zesifo seLyme:

• ukuqubuka okuyisicaba, okuyindilinga okubukeka okweqanda elibomvu noma iso lesinkunzi noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho
• ukukhathala
• ubuhlungu bamalunga nokuvuvukala
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ikhanda
• imfiva
• ama-lymph node avuvukile
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• ubunzima bokugxila

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha uma unanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu.

Thola kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu zesifo seLyme.

Izimpawu zesifo seLyme ezinganeni

Izingane ngokuvamile zithola izimpawu ezifanayo zesifo seLyme njengabantu abadala.

Imvamisa bahlangabezana:

• ukukhathala
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga nemisipha
• imfiva
• ezinye izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane

Lezi zimpawu zingavela ngokushesha ngemuva kokutheleleka, noma izinyanga noma iminyaka kamuva.

Ingane yakho ingahle ibe nesifo seLyme futhi ingabi nokuqubuka kwamehlo kwenkunzi. Ngokuya ngocwaningo lwakuqala, imiphumela ikhombise cishe amaphesenti angama-89 ezingane abenama-rash.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo seLyme

Isifo seLyme siphathwa kahle kakhulu kusaqalwa. Ukwelashwa kwezifo zasendaweni zokuqala kuyinkambo elula yezinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingu-14 yama-antibiotic omlomo ukuqeda ukutheleleka.

Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo seLyme ifaka:

• i-doxycycline, i-amoxicillin, noma i-cefuroxime, okuyizindlela zokwelapha zomugqa wokuqala kubantu abadala nasezinganeni
• i-cefuroxime ne-amoxicillin, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha abesifazane abancelisayo noma abancelisa ibele

Ama-antibiotic angenayo (IV) asetshenziselwa ezinye izinhlobo zesifo seLyme, kufaka phakathi lezo ezinenhliziyo noma i-central system system (CNS).

Ngemuva kokuthuthuka nokuqeda inkambo yokwelashwa, abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bazoshintshela ohlelweni lomlomo. Inkambo yokwelashwa ephelele ivame ukuthatha izinsuku eziyi-14-28.

, uphawu lokufika sekwephuzile lwesifo seLyme esingavela kwabanye abantu, siphathwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane ngomlomo izinsuku ezingama-28.

Isifo seLyme

Uma welashelwa isifo seLyme ngemithi elwa namagciwane kodwa uqhubeka nokuthola izimpawu, ibizwa ngokuthi yi-post Lyme disease syndrome noma i-post-treatment ye-Lyme disease syndrome.

Cishe amaphesenti ayi-10 kuye kwangama-20 abantu abanesifo seLyme babhekana nalesi sifo, ngokusho kwendatshana yango-2016 eshicilelwe kuNew England Journal of Medicine. Imbangela ayaziwa.

Isifo se-Post-Lyme syndrome singathinta ukuhamba kwakho namakhono okuqonda. Ukwelashwa kugxile kakhulu ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu nokungahambi kahle. Abantu abaningi bayalulama, kepha kungathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka.

Izimpawu zesifo se-Post-Lyme

Izimpawu zesifo se-post Lyme syndrome ziyefana nalezo ezenzeka ezigabeni zokuqala.

Lezi zimpawu zingafaka:

• ukukhathala
• ubunzima bokulala
• amalunga noma imisipha ebabayo
• ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala emajoyintini akho amakhulu, njengamadolo akho, amahlombe, noma izindololwane
• ubunzima bokugxila kanye nezinkinga zememori zesikhashana
• izinkinga zokukhuluma

Ingabe isifo seLyme siyathathelana?

Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi isifo seLyme siyathathelana phakathi kwabantu. Futhi, ngokusho kuka, abesifazane abakhulelwe abakwazi ukudlulisela lesi sifo kumntwana wabo ngobisi lwabo lwebele.

Isifo seLyme ukutheleleka okubangelwa amagciwane adluliswa imikhaza yenyamazane emnyama. Lawa magciwane atholakala oketshezini lomzimba, kodwa abukho ubufakazi bokuthi isifo seLyme singasakazeka komunye umuntu ngokuthimula, ukukhwehlela, noma ukuqabula.

Abukho futhi ubufakazi bokuthi isifo seLyme singadluliselwa ngocansi noma sidluliselwe ngokumpontshelwa igazi.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi isifo seLyme siyathathelana yini.

Izigaba zesifo seLyme

Isifo seLyme singenzeka ngezigaba ezintathu:

• okwenziwe okokuqala ngqa
• kusatshalaliswe kusenesikhathi
• kusatshalaliswe sekwedlule isikhathi

Izimpawu ohlangabezana nazo zizoya ngokuthi isifo sikusiphi isigaba.

Ukudlondlobala kwesifo seLyme kungahluka ngakunye. Abanye abantu abanayo abadluli kuzona zontathu izigaba.

Isigaba 1: Isifo sokuqala sendawo

Izimpawu zesifo seLyme zivame ukuqala emasontweni amabili kuya kwamabili ngemuva kokulunywa umkhaza. Esinye sezimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo ukuqubuka kwenkunzi.

Ukuqhuma kwenzeka lapho kulunywa khona umkhaza, imvamisa, kepha hhayi njalo, njengendawo ebomvu emaphakathi ezungezwe indawo ecacile enendawo yobomvu emaphethelweni. Kungafudumala lapho uthinta, kepha akubanga buhlungu futhi akulume. Lokhu kuqubuka kuzophela kancane kancane kubantu abaningi.

Igama elisemthethweni lalokhu kuqhuma yi-erythema migrans. Abafuduki be-Erythema kuthiwa bayisici sesifo seLyme. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abanalo lolu phawu.

Abanye abantu banokuqubuka okubomvu okuqinile, kanti abantu abanebala elimnyama bangaba nokuqubuka okufana nokulimala.

Ukuqhuma kungenzeka noma ngaphandle kwezimpawu zesifo segciwane noma umkhuhlane.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivame ukubonwa kulesi sigaba sesifo seLyme zifaka:

• Ukugodola
• imfiva
• ama-lymph node akhulisiwe
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• umbono uyashintsha
• ukukhathala
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ikhanda

Isigaba 2: Isifo seLyme esisatshalaliswe kusenesikhathi

Isifo seLyme esisatshalaliswa kusenesikhathi senzeka emasontweni ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ngemuva kokulunywa umkhaza.

Uzoba nomuzwa ojwayelekile wokungaphili, futhi ukuqubuka kungavela kwezinye izindawo ngaphandle kokulunywa umkhaza.

Lesi sigaba salesi sifo sibonakala kakhulu ebufakazini bokutheleleka okuhleliwe, okusho ukuthi ukutheleleka sekusabalele kuwo wonke umzimba, kubandakanya nezinye izitho.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• izilonda eziningi ze-erythema multiforme (EM)
• ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo, okungabangelwa yi-Lyme carditis
• izimo ze-neurologic, njengokundikindiki, ukuncinza, ubuso nobuso be-cranial nerve palsies, ne-meningitis

Izimpawu zesigaba 1 no-2 zingadlula.

Isigaba 3: Isifo seLyme esisatshalaliswe sekwedlule isikhathi

Isifo seLyme esisatshalaliswa emuva kwesikhathi senzeka lapho ukutheleleka kungazange kwelashwe ezigabeni 1 no-2. Isigaba 3 singenzeka ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni ngemuva kokulunywa umkhaza.

Lesi sigaba sibonakala ngalokhu:

• i-arthritis yelungu elilodwa noma amaningi amakhulu
• ukuphazamiseka kobuchopho, njenge-encephalopathy, okungadala ukulahleka kwenkumbulo yesikhashana, ubunzima bokugxila, inkungu yengqondo, izinkinga ngokulandela izingxoxo nokuphazamiseka kokulala
• ukuba ndikindiki ezingalweni, emilenzeni, ezandleni noma ezinyaweni

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo seLyme

Ukuhlonza isifo seLyme kuqala ngokubuyekezwa komlando wakho wezempilo, okubandakanya ukufuna imibiko yokulunywa umkhaza noma ukuhlala endaweni evamile.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzophinde enze ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuze abheke ukuba khona kokuqubuka noma ezinye izimpawu zesifo seLyme.

Ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kwasendaweni kwasekuqaleni akunconyiwe.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunokwethenjelwa kakhulu emavikini ambalwa ngemuva kokutheleleka kokuqala, lapho ama-antibody akhona. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo anga-oda lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Isivivinyo se-immunosorbent (i-ELISA) esixhunyaniswe ne-enzyme sisetshenziselwa ukuthola amasosha omzimba aphikisayo B. burgdorferi.
• I-Western blot isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa okuhle kwe-ELISA. Ihlola ubukhona bama-antibodies kokuthize B. burgdorferi amaprotheni.
• isetshenziselwa ukuhlola abantu abane-Lyme arthritis eqhubekayo noma izimpawu zesistimu yezinzwa. Kwenziwa ku-fluid ehlanganisiwe noma i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR ku-CSF ukuxilongwa kwesifo seLyme akunconywa njalo ngenxa yokuzwela okuphansi. Ukuhlolwa okungekuhle akukunqandi ukuxilongwa. Ngokuphikisana nabantu abaningi bazoba nemiphumela emihle ye-PCR kuketshezi oluhlangene uma ihlolwe ngaphambi kokwelapha ngemithi elwa namagciwane.

Ukuvimbela izifo zeLyme

Ukuvinjelwa kwezifo zeLyme ikakhulu kuhilela ukunciphisa ubungozi bokulunywa umkhaza.

Thatha lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo ukuvimbela ukulunywa umkhaza:

• Gqoka amabhulukwe amade namahembe enemikhono emide uma ungaphandle.
• Yenza igceke lakho lingabi nabungane emikhondweni ngokususa izindawo ezinezihlahla, ukugcina ibhulashi langaphansi, nokubeka izinkuni ezindaweni ezinelanga eliningi.
• Sebenzisa izinto ezixosha izinambuzane. Oyedwa onamaphesenti ayi-10 we-DEET azokuvikela cishe amahora amabili. Ungasebenzisi i-DEET eningi kunalokho okudingekayo ngesikhathi ozoba ngaphandle, futhi ungayisebenzisi ezandleni zezingane ezincane noma ebusweni bezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 ubudala.
• Uwoyela we-eucalyptus kalamula unikeza ukuvikelwa okufanayo ne-DEET lapho kusetshenziswa ukugxila okufanayo. Akufanele isetshenziswe ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-3 ubudala.
• Qaphela. Hlola izingane zakho, izilwane ezifuywayo, kanye nawe ukuze uthole imikhaza. Uma uke waba nesifo seLyme, ungacabangi ukuthi ngeke usatheleleka futhi. Ungathola isifo seLyme ngaphezu kwesisodwa.
• Susa imikhaza ngodlawana. Gcoba udlawana oseduze kwekhanda noma emlonyeni wethikhi bese udonsa kahle. Hlola ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi zonke izingxenye zemikhaza zisusiwe.

Thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma ngabe umkhaza uluma wena noma abantu obathandayo noma nini.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungasinqanda kanjani isifo seLyme lapho umkhaza ukuluma.

Isifo seLyme siyimbangela

Isifo seLyme sibangelwa yigciwane IBorrelia burgdorferi (futhi kuyaqabukela, IBorrelia mayonii).

B. burgdorferi kubantu ngokulunywa ngumkhaza onamagciwane amnyama onegciwane, owaziwa nangokuthi umkhaza wezinyamazane.

Ngokwe-CDC, imikhaza enamagciwane amnyama idlulisa isifo seLyme eNyakatho-mpumalanga, eMid-Atlantic naseNyakatho Ephakathi e-United States. Imikhaza yaseNtshonalanga emnyama isabalalisa lesi sifo oGwini LwePacific e-United States.

Ukudluliswa kwezifo zeLyme

Imikhaza etheleleke ngegciwane B. burgdorferi inganamathisela kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho. Zitholakala kakhulu ezindaweni zomzimba wakho okunzima ukuzibona, njengekhanda, amakhwapha, nendawo yokububula.

Umkhaza onegciwane kufanele unamathiselwe emzimbeni wakho okungenani amahora angama-36 ukuze udlulise igciwane.

Iningi labantu abanesifo seLyme lalunywa imikhaza engakavuthwa, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-nymphs. Le imikhaza emincane kunzima kakhulu ukuyibona. Zondla entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Imikhaza yabantu abadala nayo ithwala amabhaktheriya, kodwa kulula ukuwabona futhi ingasuswa ngaphambi kokuwadlulisa.

Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi isifo seLyme singadluliselwa emoyeni, ngokudla, noma ngamanzi. Abukho futhi ubufakazi bokuthi ingadluliselwa phakathi kwabantu ngokuthinta, ukuqabulana, noma ukuya ocansini.

Ukuphila nesifo seLyme

Ngemuva kokuthi welashelwe isifo seLyme ngama-antibiotics, kungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga ukuthi zonke izimpawu zinyamalale.

Ungathatha lezi zinyathelo ukusiza ukukhuthaza ukutakula kwakho:

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo futhi ugweme ukudla okuqukethe inani elikhulu likashukela.
• Thola ukuphumula okuningi.
• Zama ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
• Thatha umuthi olwa nokuvuvukala lapho kunesidingo ukunciphisa izinhlungu nokungahambi kahle.

Thikha ukuhlolwa kwesifo seLyme

Amanye amalabhoratri ezentengiselwano azohlola imikhaza yesifo seLyme.

Yize ungahle uthande ukuhlolwa umkhaza ngemuva kokukuluma, i- (CDC) ayincomi ukuhlolwa ngalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

• Amalabhorethri ezentengiselwano ahlinzeka ngokuhlolwa komkhaza akudingeki ukuthi abe namazinga alinganayo okulawula ikhwalithi njengalawo elebhu yelabhoratri yokuxilonga.
• Uma umkhaza uhlola ukuthi unesifo esidala isifo, akusho ukuthi unesifo seLyme.
• Umphumela ongemuhle ungaholela ekucabangeni okungamanga kokuthi awuthelelekile. Ubungalunywa futhi utheleleke ngomunye umkhaza.
• Uma ungenwe yisifo seLyme, mhlawumbe uzoqala ukukhombisa izimpawu ngaphambi kokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa komkhaza, futhi akufanele ulinde ukuqala ukwelashwa.