Unhlangothi Omkhulu

-Delile

• Ukuqonda ukushaywa okukhulu
• Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi
• Izimbangela zesifo sohlangothi
• Ischemic stroke
• Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu
• Izici zobungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi
• Ucansi
• Uhlanga noma ubuzwe
• Izici zendlela yokuphila
• Imithi nemibandela yezokwelapha
• Ubudala
• Ukuhlonza isifo sohlangothi
• Ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kwesifo sohlangothi
• Ischemic stroke
• Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu
• Izinkinga ezihambisana nesifo sohlangothi esikhulu
• Ukubhekana nokubulawa kwesifo sohlangothi
• Ukusekelwa kwabanakekeli
• Umbono wesikhathi eside
• Ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Ukuqonda ukushaywa okukhulu

I-stroke yilokho okwenzekayo lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya engxenyeni yobuchopho kuphazamiseka. Umphumela uba ukuncishwa komoya-mpilo ezicutshini zobuchopho. Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ikhono lokululama ekushayweni unhlangothi kuncike ebucayi besifo sohlangothi nokuthi uthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha kangakanani.

Isifo sohlangothi esikhulu singabulala, njengoba sithinta izingxenye ezinkulu zobuchopho. Kepha kubantu abaningi ababhekene nesifo sohlangothi, ukululama isikhathi eside, kepha kungenzeka.

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi

Ubukhulu bezimpawu buxhomeke endaweni yesifo sohlangothi nosayizi wesifo sohlangothi. Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zingabandakanya:

• ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo
• ukuhlanza
• ukuqina kwentamo
• ukulahleka kombono noma ukungaboni kahle
• isiyezi
• ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi
• ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba noma ubuso
• ukudideka okungazelelwe
• kunzima ukukhuluma
• ubunzima bokugwinya

Ezimweni ezinzima, ukuqina ne-coma kungenzeka.

Izimbangela zesifo sohlangothi

Ukushaywa unhlangothi kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni bakho kuphazamiseka. Zingaba i-ischemic noma i-hemorrhagic.

Ischemic stroke

Iningi lama-stroke liyi-ischemic. Ukushaywa yischemic kubangelwa ihlule elivimba ukugeleza kwegazi liye esifundeni esithile sobuchopho.

Ihlwili lingaba yi-cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Lokhu kusho ukuthi yakha endaweni yokuvaleka ebuchosheni. Ngenye indlela, iqhwa lingaba yi-cerebral embolism. Lokhu kusho ukuthi yakha kwenye indawo emzimbeni futhi idlulele ebuchosheni, okuholele ekushayweni unhlangothi.

Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu

Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu senzeka lapho kuqhuma imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni, okwenza igazi liqoqane ezicutshini zobuchopho ezizungezile. Lokhu kudala ingcindezi ebuchosheni. Ingashiya ingxenye yobuchopho bakho incishwe igazi ne-oxygen. Cishe amaphesenti ayishumi nantathu emivimbo ye-hemorrhagic, kulinganisa i-American Stroke Association.

Izici zobungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi

Ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, imivimbo emisha noma ephikelelayo iyathinta unyaka nonyaka. Izici zobungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi zihlanganisa umlando womndeni wesifo sohlangothi, kanye noku:

Ucansi

Emaqenjini amaningi eminyaka yobudala - ngaphandle kwabantu abadala asebekhulile - imivimbo ivame kakhulu kwabesilisa kunabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, isifo sohlangothi siyingozi kakhulu kwabesifazane kunasemadodeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imivimbo ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala, futhi abesifazane bavame ukuphila isikhathi eside kunabesilisa. Amaphilisi okulawula ukukhulelwa nokukhulelwa nakho kungakhuphula ubungozi besifazane bokushaywa unhlangothi.

Uhlanga noma ubuzwe

Abantu abasezingozini ezinkulu zokushaywa unhlangothi kunabantu baseCaucasus. Kodwa-ke, ukwehluka kwengozi phakathi kwabantu kulawa maqembu kuncipha ngobudala:

• Abomdabu baseMelika
• Abomdabu base-Alaska
• Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika
• abantu bomdabu waseSpain

Izici zendlela yokuphila

Izici ezilandelayo zokuphila zonke zandisa ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi:

• ukubhema
• ukudla
• ukungasebenzi
• ukusetshenziswa kotshwala obunzima
• ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa

Imithi nemibandela yezokwelapha

Amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha angakhuphula ubungozi bokushaywa yisicchemic. Imithi enciphisa igazi ingakhuphula ubungozi bokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• i-warfarin (i-Coumadin)
• i-Rivaroxaban powder (i-Xarelto)
• i-apixaban (Eliquis)

Kwesinye isikhathi kunikezwa ababanciphisi begazi ukunciphisa ubungozi bokushaywa yischemic uma udokotela wakho ezwa ukuthi usengozini enkulu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungakhuphula nengozi yakho yokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi.

Ukukhulelwa nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha nakho kungakhuphula ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi. Lezi zimo zifaka:

• izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi
• isifo sikashukela
• umlando wokushaywa unhlangothi noma i-ministroke
• cholesterol ephezulu
• umfutho wegazi ophezulu, ikakhulukazi uma ungalawulwa
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• isifo se-metabolic syndrome
• migraine
• isifo se-sickle cell
• izimo ezidala isimo esingenakutholakala emzimbeni (igazi elijiyile)
• izimo ezidala ukopha ngokweqile, njengama-platelet aphansi kanye ne-hemophilia
• ukwelashwa ngemithi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-thrombolytics (ama-clot busters)
• umlando wama-aneurysms noma ukungajwayelekile kwemithambo ebuchosheni
• i-polycystic ovarian syndrome (i-PCOS), njengoba ihlotshaniswa nama-aneurysms ebuchosheni
• izimila ebuchosheni, ikakhulukazi izicubu ezimbi

Ubudala

Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 basengozini enkulu yokushaywa unhlangothi, ikakhulukazi uma:

• ube nomfutho wegazi ophakeme
• unesifo sikashukela
• bahlala phansi
• zikhuluphele ngokweqile
• intuthu

Ukuhlonza isifo sohlangothi

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi unesifo sohlangothi, bazokwenza izivivinyo zokubasiza ukuthi bathole ukuxilongwa. Bangasebenzisa futhi izivivinyo ezithile ukuthola uhlobo lohlangothi.

Okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Bazohlola ukuqapha kwakho kwengqondo, ukusebenzisana, nokulinganisela. Bazobheka:

• ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka ebusweni bakho, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni
• izimpawu zokudideka
• kunzima ukukhuluma
• kunzima ukubona ngokujwayelekile

Uma ngabe unestroke, udokotela wakho futhi angenza izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa uhlobo lwesifo sohlangothi oke waba naso futhi aqiniseke ukuthi bakunikeza uhlobo olufanele lwezokwelapha. Ezinye izivivinyo ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• i-MRI
• i-magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA)
• i-CT scan yobuchopho
• i-computed tomography angiogram (CTA)
• i-carotid ultrasound
• i-angiogram ye-carotid
• i-electrocardiogram (EKG)
• i-echocardiogram
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kwesifo sohlangothi

Uma unesifo sohlangothi, udinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokushesha uthola ukwelashwa, kungcono amathuba akho okusinda nokululama.

Ischemic stroke

Imihlahlandlela maqondana nokwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi ibuyekezwe yi-American Heart Association (AHA) ne-American Stroke Association (ASA) ngo-2018.

Uma ufika egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ukwelashwa amahora angu-4/2 ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu, ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwesifo se-ischemic kungabandakanya ukuqedwa kwehlwili. Izidakamizwa eziqinisa amahlwili ezaziwa ngokuthi i-thrombolytics zivame ukusetshenziselwa le nhloso. Odokotela bavame ukunikeza i-aspirin ezimweni eziphuthumayo ukuvimbela noma yiziphi izigaxa zegazi ezingeziwe ukuthi zakhiwe nazo.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthole lolu hlobo lokwelashwa, iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo kumele liqinisekise ukuthi isifo sohlangothi asikona ukopha. Abanciphisi begazi bangenza isifo sohlangothi esibuhlungu sibe sibi kakhulu. Lokhu kungaholela nasekufeni.

Ukwelashwa okungeziwe kungafaka inqubo yokukhipha amahlwili emthanjeni othintekile kusetshenziswa ama-catheters amancane. Le nqubo ingenziwa ngemuva kwamahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Kuyaziwa njengokususwa kwamagundane ngomshini noma i-mechanical thrombectomy.

Lapho unhlangothi lukhulu futhi lubandakanya ingxenye enkulu yobuchopho, ukuhlinzekelwa ukukhulula ukucindezela ebuchosheni nakho kungadingeka.

Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu

Uma unesifo sohlangothi esichaphayo, abanakekeli besimo esiphuthumayo bangakunika imishanguzo yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi futhi wehlise ukopha. Uma ubulokhu usebenzisa izinciphisi zegazi, zingakunika izidakamizwa zokulwa nazo. Le mithi iba yimbi ukopha.

Uma unesifo sohlangothi, ungadinga ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo ngokuya ngobukhulu bokuphuma kwegazi. Bazokwenza lokhu ukulungisa umthambo wegazi ophukile nokususa igazi eleqile okungenzeka ukuthi lifaka ingcindezi ebuchosheni.

Izinkinga ezihambisana nesifo sohlangothi esikhulu

Izinkinga kanye nokukhubazeka okuba khona kuba kubi kakhulu ngokuya ngobukhulu besifo sohlangothi. Izinkinga zingafaka okulandelayo:

• ukukhubazeka
• ubunzima bokugwinya noma bokukhuluma
• izinkinga zokulinganisela
• isiyezi
• ukulahleka kwememori
• ubunzima bokulawula imizwa
• ukudana
• ubuhlungu
• izinguquko ekuziphatheni

Izinsizakalo zokuvuselela zingasiza ukunciphisa izinkinga futhi zingafaka ukusebenza no:

• owelapha ngokomzimba ukubuyisela ukunyakaza
• owelapha umsebenzi wokufunda ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, efana nemisebenzi ehilela inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, ukupheka nokuhlanza
• umelaphi wokukhuluma ukuze athuthukise ikhono lokukhuluma
• isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo ukusiza ukubhekana nemizwa yokukhathazeka noma yokudangala

Ukubhekana nokubulawa kwesifo sohlangothi

Abanye abantu abanesifo sohlangothi bayalulama ngokushesha futhi bangaphinde bathole ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwemizimba yabo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa nje. Kwabanye abantu, ukululama kungathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu.

Kungakhathaleki ukuthi kukuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ululame ku-stroke, ukululama kuyinkqubo. Ukuhlala unethemba kungakusiza ubhekane nakho. Bungaza noma iyiphi intuthuko oyenzayo. Ukukhuluma nomelaphi kungakusiza ukuthi usebenzele ukululama kwakho, futhi.

Ukusekelwa kwabanakekeli

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokutakula ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi, umuntu angadinga ukuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo. Ngokuya ngobukhulu besifo sohlangothi, lokhu kungaba amasonto ambalwa, izinyanga, noma ngisho neminyaka.

Kungasiza abanakekeli ukuthi bazifundise ngokushaywa unhlangothi nangenqubo yokuvuselela. Abanakekeli nabo bangazuza ngokujoyina amaqembu okweseka lapho bangahlangana khona nabanye abasiza abathandekayo babo ukuba balulame ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi.

Ezinye izinsiza ezinhle zokuthola usizo zifaka:

• Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yesifo Sohlangothi
• I-American Stroke Association
• I-Stroke Network

Umbono wesikhathi eside

Umbono wakho uncike ebucayi besifo sohlangothi nokuthi usithola ngokushesha kangakanani usizo lwezempilo. Ngoba imivimbo emikhulu ivame ukuthinta inani elikhulu lezicubu zobuchopho, umbono jikelele awuhle neze.

Sekukonke, umbono ungcono kubantu abanesifo sohlangothi. Ngenxa yengcindezi abayifaka ebuchosheni, imivimbo ekopha iba nezinkinga eziningi.

Ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi

Landela lezi zeluleko ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi:

• Yeka ukubhema futhi ugweme ukuvezwa intuthu kagwayi.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo.
• Ukuzivocavoca okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku iningi noma zonke izinsuku zesonto.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Nciphisa ukuphuza kwakho utshwala.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, landela imiyalo kadokotela yakho yokugcina amazinga eglucose egazini enempilo.
• Landela imiyalo kadokotela wakho yokugcina amazinga egazi anempilo.

Udokotela wakho angancoma noma anikeze imithi ethile ukusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi. Lokhu kungafaka:

• imishanguzo yama-antiplatelet, njenge-clopidogrel (i-Plavix) ukusiza ukuvimbela amahlule egazi ekwakhiweni kwemithambo noma enhliziyweni yakho
• ama-anticoagulants, njenge-warfarin (Coumadin)
• i-aspirin

Uma ungakaze ube nesifo sohlangothi ngaphambili, kufanele usebenzise i-aspirin kuphela ekuvimbeleni uma unengozi encane yokopha kanye nengozi enkulu yesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (isb., Isifo sohlangothi nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo).

Thenga i-aspirin online.