UMaxilla

-Delile

• Lenzani ithambo le-maxilla?
• Kwenzekani uma i-maxilla iphukile?
• Yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okungenziwa kwi-maxilla?
• Umbono

Ukubuka konke

I-maxilla yithambo elakha umhlathi wakho ongaphezulu. Ingxenye engakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele ye-maxilla ngamathambo amise ngendlela engajwayelekile ahlangana ndawonye phakathi kogebhezi, ngaphansi kwekhala, endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-intermaxillary suture.

I-maxilla iyithambo elikhulu lobuso. Futhi kuyingxenye yezakhiwo ezilandelayo zogebhezi lwakho:

• umhlathi ongaphezulu, ofaka ulwanga oluqinile ngaphambili komlomo wakho
• ingxenye engezansi yezisekelo zakho zamehlo
• izingxenye ezingezansi nezinhlangothi zesono sakho nezimbobo zamakhala

I-maxilla nayo ihlanganiswe kanye namanye amathambo abalulekile kugebhezi, kufaka phakathi:

• ithambo langaphambili, elixhumana namathambo emakhaleni
• amathambo e-zygomatic, noma amathambo esihlathi
• amathambo e-palatine, akha ingxenye yolwanga oluqinile
• ithambo lamakhala, elakha ibhuloho lamakhala akho
• amathambo abamba i-alveoli yakho yamazinyo, noma amasokhethi amazinyo
• ingxenye yamathambo we-septum yakho yamakhala

I-maxilla inemisebenzi eminingana eyinhloko, kufaka phakathi:

• ebambe amazinyo aphezulu endaweni
• okwenza ugebhezi lungasindi
• ukwandisa ivolumu nokujula kwezwi lakho

Lenzani ithambo le-maxilla?

I-maxilla iyingxenye yendawo yogebhezi lwakho ebizwa nge-viscerocranium. Cabanga ngakho njengengxenye yobuso bekhanda lakho. I-viscerocranium iqukethe amathambo nemisipha ebamba iqhaza emisebenzini eminingi ebalulekile yomzimba, njengokuhlafuna, ukukhuluma nokuphefumula. Le ndawo iqukethe izinzwa eziningi ezibalulekile nezihlangu zamehlo, ubuchopho, nezinye izitho ngesikhathi sokulimala ebusweni.

Imisipha eminingi yobuso ixhunywe kwi-maxilla kuzo zombili izindawo zayo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Le misipha ikuvumela ukuhlafuna, ukumamatheka, ukuswaca, ukwenza ubuso, nokwenza neminye imisebenzi ebalulekile. Eminye yale misipha ihlanganisa:

• i-buccinator: umsipha wesihlathi okusiza ukushaya ikhwela, ukumamatheka, nokugcina ukudla kubekwe emlonyeni wakho lapho uhlafuna
• i-zygomaticus: omunye umsipha wesihlathi osiza ukuphakamisa imiphetho yomlomo wakho lapho umomotheka; kwezinye izimo, ama-dimples akha isikhumba ngenhla kwawo
• i-masseter: umsipha obalulekile osiza ekuhlafunweni ngokuvula nokuvala umhlathi wakho

Kwenzekani uma i-maxilla iphukile?

Ukuqhekeka kwe-maxilla kwenzeka lapho i-maxilla iqhekeka noma iphuka. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala ebusweni, njengokuwa, ingozi yemoto, ukushaywa ngesibhakela, noma ukugijimela entweni. Lokhu kulimala kungaba okuphawulekayo.

Ukuphuka kweMaxilla nokunye ukuphuka okwenzeka ngaphambili kobuso nakho kwaziwa njengokwaphuka kobuso maphakathi nobuso. Lokhu kungahlukaniswa kusetshenziswa uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi:

• Le Fort I: Ukwephuka kwenzeka kulayini ngenhla nangaphesheya kwendebe engenhla, kwehlukanisa amazinyo ku-maxilla, futhi kufaka ingxenye engezansi yamaphaseji ekhala.
• ILe Fort II: Lokhu kuqhekeka okumise okonxantathu okubandakanya amazinyo esisekelo kanye nebhuloho lekhala endaweni yalo ephezulu, kanye nezisekelo zamehlo namathambo empumulo.
• ILe Fort III: Ukuqhekeka kwenzeka ngaphesheya kwebhuloho lasekhaleni, ngokusebenzisa amasokhethi wamehlo, futhi kuphumele ohlangothini lobuso. Lolu uhlobo oluqine kakhulu lokwephuka kobuso, okuvame ukubangelwa ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu ebusweni.

Izimpawu ezingaba khona zokuphuka kwe-maxilla zingafaka:

• ukuphuma kwamakhala
• ukulimaza okuzungeze amehlo akho namakhala
• ukuvuvukala kwesihlathi
• umhlathi owenziwe kabi
• ukubunjwa okungajwayelekile emakhaleni akho
• ubunzima bokubona
• ukubona kabili
• ukuba ndikindiki ezungeze umhlathi wakho ongaphezulu
• unenkinga yokuhlafuna, ukukhuluma, noma ukudla
• ubuhlungu endebeni yakho nasemhlathini lapho uhlafuna, ukhuluma, noma udla
• ukuphuma kwamazinyo noma amazinyo

Izinkinga ezingaba khona zokuphuka okungalashwa kwe-maxilla zingafaka:

• ukulahlekelwa amandla okuhlafuna, ukukhuluma, noma ukudla ngokujwayelekile
• ukuba ndikindiki unomphela, ubuthakathaka, noma ubuhlungu emhlathini wakho
• unenkinga yokunuka noma ukunambitha
• unenkinga yokuphefumula ngamakhala akho
• ukulimala kwengqondo noma emithanjeni kusuka ekuhlukumezeni kuya ekhanda

Yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okungenziwa kwi-maxilla?

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-maxilla kungenziwa uma i-maxilla yakho noma amathambo azungezile ephukile, ephukile noma elimele ngandlela thile.

Udokotela wakho angancoma ezinye izindlela uma ukuphuka kungabucayi ngokwanele ukuthi kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa futhi kuzolulama kukodwa. Kulokhu, kungadingeka ukuthi umane udle ukudla okuthambile ukuvumela umhlathi wakho uphole futhi ubone udokotela wakho njalo ukuze ahlolwe ukuqapha ukuphulukiswa kwe-maxilla.

Uma udokotela wakho ancoma ukuhlinzekelwa i-maxilla ephukile namanye amathambo, inqubo yakho iyoba nezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Thola ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwegazi nezempilo, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa komzimba. Uzodinga ama-X-ray, ama-CT scan, kanye / noma ama-MRIs. Uzodinga nokusayina ifomu lokuvuma.
2. Fika esibhedlela ungeniswe. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlelele isikhathi sokuphumula ngokuya ngezincomo zikadokotela wakho.
3. Shintsha ugqoke isibhedlela. Uzolinda endaweni yokuhlinzwa bese uhlangana nodokotela ohlinzayo nodokotela obulala izinzwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Uzoxhunywa emgqeni we-intravenous (IV). Egumbini lokusebenzela, uzothola i-anesthesia ejwayelekile.

Ngokuya ngobukhulu bokulimala kwakho, kungadingeka ukuhlinzekwa okuningi kokuhlinzwa. Odokotela bakho bazochaza ngokuningiliziwe uhlobo lokuhlinzwa oludingayo, izinqubo ezithintekayo, isikhathi sokululama, nokulandelwa. Ubukhulu bokulimala, uhlobo lokuhlinzwa, nezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha zinquma ukuthi uhlala isikhathi esingakanani esibhedlela ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Ngokuya ngokulimala kobuso bakho, ikhanda, umlomo, amazinyo, amehlo, noma ikhala, ungadinga ochwepheshe abahlukahlukene kufaka phakathi, odokotela abahlinzayo bamehlo, odokotela abahlinza ngomlomo, ama-neurosurgeon, odokotela abahlinzayo bepulasitiki, noma i-ENT (indlebe, impumulo, umphimbo) odokotela abahlinzayo.

Ukuhlinzwa kungahlala amahora amaningi ngokuya ngokuthi ama-fracture anzima kangakanani. Kungadingeka ukuthi ube nokuhlinzwa okuningi ngokuya ngokulimala kwakho.

Amathambo athatha isikhathi eside ukuphola. Ngokuya ngokulimala kwakho, kungathatha izinyanga ezimbili noma ezine noma ngaphezulu. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi bafuna ukukubona nini futhi kangaki ngemuva kokuhlinzwa futhi uma usekhaya.

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphulukisa, yenza okulandelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlathi wakho uyaphola kahle:

• Landela noma yiluphi uhlelo lokudla udokotela akunikeza lona ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlathi wakho awuthikamezeki ngokuhlafuna ukudla okunzima noma okunzima.
• Landela imiyalo ethile ngomsebenzi.
• Landela imiyalo ethile mayelana nokunakekelwa kwesilonda nokukhuthaza ukwelashwa, kufaka phakathi ukuthi uzobuya nini uyohlolwa.
• Thatha noma yimaphi ama-antibiotic noma imishanguzo udokotela wakho akunika izinhlungu nezifo.
• Ungabuyeli emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma eminye imithwalo yemfanelo ejwayelekile kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ethi kulungile.
• Ungenzi noma yikuphi ukuzivocavoca okukhulu.
• Ungabhemi futhi ubeke umkhawulo ekudleni kotshwala.

Umbono

I-maxilla yakho iyithambo elibalulekile esakhiweni sogebhezi lwakho futhi inika amandla imisebenzi eminingi eyisisekelo, njengokuhlafuna nokumamatheka. Uma iphukile, ingathinta amanye amathambo amaningi abalulekile asizungezile futhi ikugcine ekufezeni imisebenzi elula yansuku zonke.

Ukuhlinzwa kweMaxilla inqubo ephephile enezinga eliphezulu lokuphumelela. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi ukuhlukumezeka ebusweni noma ekhanda, bheka udokotela wakho khona manjalo. Ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwanoma yikuphi ukulimala kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ekwelapheni okufanele. Ukulandela yonke imiyalo kadokotela wakho yokwelapha noma yikuphi ukuphuka kwe-maxilla kuyindlela engcono yokuqinisekisa umphumela omuhle.