I-Methionine: Imisebenzi, Imithombo Yokudla kanye Nemiphumela emibi

-Delile

• Kuyini iMethionine?
• Ingakhiqiza Amamolekyu Asemqoka Ekusebenzeni Okujwayelekile Kwamaseli
• Idlala Indima kwiDNA Methylation
• Ukudla Okuphansi kweMethionine Kunweba Isikhathi Sokuphila Ezilwaneni
• Imithombo Yokudla yeMethionine
• Ukungenisa, Ubuthi kanye Nemiphumela emibi
• Ukudla Okunconyiwe
• Imiphumela ku-Homocysteine
• Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
• Okusemqoka

Ama-amino acid asiza ekwakheni amaprotheni akha izicubu nezitho zomzimba wakho.

Ngaphezu kwalomsebenzi obucayi, amanye ama-amino acid anezinye izindima ezikhethekile.

IMethionine iyi-amino acid ekhiqiza ama-molecule amaningi abalulekile emzimbeni wakho. La ma-molecule abalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwamaseli akho.

Ngenxa yamamolekyu abalulekile ewakhiqizayo, abanye batusa ukwanda kokudla kwe-methionine.Kodwa-ke, abanye bancoma ukuyikhawulela ngenxa yemiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Le ndatshana izokhuluma ngokubaluleka kwe-methionine nokuthi ngabe udinga ukukhathazeka ngenani layo ekudleni kwakho. Kuxoxwa ngemithombo kanye nemiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Kuyini iMethionine?

I-Methionine iyi-amino acid etholakala kuma-protein amaningi, kufaka phakathi amaprotheni ekudleni nalawo atholakala ezicutshini nasezitho zomzimba wakho.

Ngaphezu kokuba yisakhi samaprotheni, inezinye izici ezahlukile.

Okunye kwalokhu yikhono layo lokuguqulwa libe ngama-molecule abalulekile aqukethe isulfure ().

Ama-molecule ane-Sulphur anemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuvikelwa kwezicubu zakho, ukuguqula i-DNA yakho nokugcina ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli akho (, 3).

La ma-molecule abalulekile kumele enziwe ngama-amino acid aqukethe isulfure. Kuma-amino acid asetshenziselwa ukwenza amaprotheni emzimbeni, yi-methionine ne-cysteine ​​kuphela equkethe isulfure.

Yize umzimba wakho ukwazi ukukhiqiza i-amino acid cysteine ​​uwodwa, i-methionine kumele ivele ekudleni kwakho (4).

Ngokwengeziwe, i-methionine idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqaliseni inqubo yokwenza amaprotheni amasha ngaphakathi kwamaseli akho, into eqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo njengoba amaprotheni amadala ehla ().

Isibonelo, le-amino acid iqala inqubo yokukhiqiza amaprotheni amasha emisipheni yakho ngemuva kweseshini yokuzivocavoca ebalimazayo (,).

I-Methionine iyi-amino acid eyingqayizivele. Iqukethe isibabule futhi ingaveza amanye ama-molecule aqukethe isulfure emzimbeni. Kuyabandakanyeka futhi nasekuqaleni ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni kumaseli akho.

Ingakhiqiza Amamolekyu Asemqoka Ekusebenzeni Okujwayelekile Kwamaseli

Enye yezindima ezinkulu ze-methionine emzimbeni ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amanye ama-molecule abalulekile.

Iyabandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni i-cysteine, enye i-amino acid equkethe isulfure esetshenziselwa ukwakha amaprotheni emzimbeni (,).

ICysteine, nayo, ingadala ama-molecule ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amaprotheni, i-glutathione ne-taurine ().

I-Glutathione kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge- "master antioxidant" ngenxa yendima yayo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni umzimba wakho (,).

Iphinde ibambe iqhaza ekuguqulweni kwezakhi zomzimba emzimbeni nasekukhiqizeni i-DNA namaprotheni ().

I-Taurine inemisebenzi eminingi esiza ukugcina impilo nokusebenza kahle kwamaseli akho ().

Enye yama-molecule abaluleke kakhulu i-methionine engaguqulwa ibe yi-S-adenosylmethionine, noma i- “SAM” ().

I-SAM ibamba iqhaza ekuphendukeni kwamakhemikhali amaningi ngokudlulisela ingxenye yayo kwamanye ama-molecule, kufaka phakathi i-DNA namaprotheni (3,).

I-SAM isetshenziswa futhi ekukhiqizeni i-creatine, i-molecule ebalulekile yamandla eselula (,).

Sekukonke, i-methionine ibandakanyeka ngqo noma ngokungaqondile kuzinqubo eziningi ezibalulekile emzimbeni ngenxa yama-molecule angaba kuwo.

I-Methionine ingaguqula ibe ngama-molecule aqukethe isalfure enemisebenzi ebalulekile, njenge-glutathione, i-taurine, i-SAM ne-creatine. Lawa ma-molecule abaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini ejwayelekile yamaseli emzimbeni wakho.

Idlala Indima kwiDNA Methylation

I-DNA yakho iqukethe imininingwane ekwenza ube yilokho oyikho.

Yize lolu lwazi oluningi lungahlala lufana nempilo yakho yonke, izici zemvelo zingashintsha ezinye izici ze-DNA yakho.

Le ngenye yezindima ezithakazelisa kakhulu ze-methionine - ukuthi ingaguqula ibe yi-molecule ebizwa nge-SAM. I-SAM ingashintsha i-DNA yakho ngokungeza iqembu le-methyl (i-athomu yekhabhoni nama-athomu alo e-hydrogen anamathiselwe kuyo) (3,).

Inani le-methionine ekudleni kwakho lingathinta ukuthi le nqubo yenzeka kangakanani, kepha kunemibuzo eminingi engaphenduliwe ngalokhu.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ukwanda kwe-methionine ekudleni kungakhuphula noma kwehle ukuthi i-DNA yakho ishintsha kangakanani ngenxa ye-SAM ().

Ngokwengeziwe, uma lezi zinguquko zenzeka, zingaba lusizo kwezinye izimo kepha zibe yingozi kwezinye ().

Isibonelo, olunye ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukudla okunomsoco ophakeme okwengeza amaqembu e-methyl ku-DNA yakho kunganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza obala ().

Kodwa-ke, olunye ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukudla okuphezulu kwe-methionine kungazenza zibe zimbi izimo ezifana ne-schizophrenia, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokwengeza amaqembu amaningi e-methyl ku-DNA (,).

Elinye lama-molecule akhiqizwa yi-methionine, i-SAM, lingashintsha i-DNA yakho. Akucaci ngokuphelele ukuthi okuqukethwe yi-methionine ekudleni kwakho kuyithinta kanjani le nqubo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi le nqubo inenzuzo kwezinye izimo futhi iyingozi kwezinye.

Ukudla Okuphansi kweMethionine Kunweba Isikhathi Sokuphila Ezilwaneni

Yize i-methionine inezindima ezibalulekile emzimbeni, olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa izinzuzo zokudla okuphansi kule-amino acid.

Amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza ancike ekudleni ukuze kukhule i-methionine. Kulezi zimo, ukunciphisa ukungenisa kwakho ekudleni kungaba lusizo ukusiza ukulamba amaseli omdlavuza ().

Njengoba amaprotheni avela ezitshalweni evame ukuba ngaphansi kwe-methionine kunamaprotheni ezilwane, abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izidlo ezitshalwe ezitshalweni kungaba yithuluzi lokulwa neminye imidlavuza (,).

Ngokwengeziwe, izifundo eziningana ezilwaneni zibonisa ukuthi ukunciphisa i-methionine kungakhuphula isikhathi sokuphila futhi kuthuthukise impilo (,,).

Olunye ucwaningo luthole ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila sasingaphezu kwama-40% ubude kumagundane adlisa ukudla okuphansi kwe-methionine ().

Lokhu kuphila isikhathi eside kungahle kube ngenxa yokuqina kokumelana nengcindezi kanye ne-metabolism kanye nokugcina amandla wamaseli omzimba wokukhiqiza kabusha (,).

Abanye abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi okuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-methionine kusebenza ukwehlisa izinga lokuguga kumagundane ().

Ukuthi lezi zinzuzo zinabela kubantu noma cha akukacaci okwamanje, kepha okunye ukuhlola kwe-test-tube kubonise izinzuzo zokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-methionine kumaseli womuntu (,).

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lomuntu luyadingeka ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe noma iziphi iziphetho.

Ezilwaneni, ukwehlisa okuqukethwe kwe-methionine ekudleni kunganciphisa izinga lokuguga futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila. Ezinye izifundo zikhombise izinzuzo zokwehlisa i-methionine kumaseli womuntu, kepha ucwaningo luyadingeka kubantu abaphilayo.

Imithombo Yokudla yeMethionine

Ngenkathi cishe konke ukudla okuqukethe amaprotheni kune-methionine ethile, inani lihluka kakhulu. Amaqanda, inhlanzi nokunye inyama kuqukethe inani eliphakeme lale-amino acid (23).

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-8% wama-amino acid kumaqanda abamhlophe angama-amino acid (i-methionine ne-cysteine) ().

Leli nani lingama-5% enkukhu nasenkomeni kanye no-4% kwimikhiqizo yobisi. Amaprotheni ezitshalo ngokuvamile anenani eliphansi kakhulu lala ma-amino acid.

Olunye ucwaningo luphinde lwahlola inani eliphelele lama-amino acid (i-methionine ne-cysteine) enesibabule ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokudla ().

Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu (6.8 amagremu ngosuku) kubikwe ekudleni okuphezulu kwamaprotheni, ngenkathi ukudla okuphansi bekukhona kwabadla inyama (ama-3.0 amagremu ngosuku) nama-vegans (2.3 amagremu ngosuku).

Ngaphandle kokudla okuncane phakathi kwabadla inyama, olunye ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi empeleni banegazi eliphakeme le-methionine kunalabo abadla inyama nenhlanzi ().

Lokhu okutholakele kuholele ekutheni abacwaningi baphethe ngokuthi okuqukethwe okudliwayo kanye nokugxilwa kwegazi kwe-methionine akuhlobene ngaso sonke isikhathi ngqo.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zifundo zithole ukuthi ama-vegans anokudla okungaphansi kokudla kanye nokugxila kwegazi okuphansi kwe-methionine (,).

Amaprotheni ezilwane kaningi anokuqukethwe okukhulu kwe-methionine kunamaprotheni ezitshalo. Labo abalandela ukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni banokudla okuphansi kokudla kwama-amino acid ane-sulphur, yize bengaba namazinga aphezulu noma aphansi e-methionine egazini.

Ukungenisa, Ubuthi kanye Nemiphumela emibi

Abaphenyi babeke ukunconywa kwansuku zonke kwama-amino acid (i-methionine ne-cysteine) enesibabule, kepha ucwaningo luye lwahlola nemiphumela emibi yemithamo ephezulu.

Ukudla Okunconyiwe

Ukunconywa kwansuku zonke kwe-methionine kanye ne-cysteine ​​kungu-8.6 mg / lb (19 mg / kg) ngosuku kubantu abadala, okungaba ngu-1.3 amagremu kothile onesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-68 (68 kilograms) (4).

Kodwa-ke, abanye abacwaningi bancome ukuthi kudliwe kabili leli nani ngokuya ngemikhawulo yezifundo ezisetshenziselwe ukusetha ukutholwa okunconyiwe ().

Abantu asebekhulile bavame ukudla i-methionine ephansi, futhi ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi bangadinga ukufakwa okuphezulu kwama-2 kuye ku-3 amagremu ngosuku (,).

Ngaphandle kokuthi amaqembu athile angazuza ngokwandisa ukudla kwawo kwe-methionine, izinhlobo eziningi zokudla zidlula ngama-gramu ama-2 ngosuku lwe-methionine kanye ne-cysteine.

Izinhlobo zokudla ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-vegan, imifino, indabuko kanye ne-protein ephezulu kulinganiselwa ukuthi iqukethe phakathi kuka-2.3 no-6.8 amagremu ngosuku lwala ma-amino acid ().

Imiphumela ku-Homocysteine

Mhlawumbe ukukhathazeka okukhulu kunakho konke okuhlobene nokudla okuphezulu kwe-methionine kungenxa yamangqamuzana athile angavezwa yi-amino acid.

I-Methionine ingaguqulwa ibe yi-homocysteine, i-amino acid ehlotshaniswa nezici eziningana zesifo senhliziyo (,).

Ukufakwa okuphezulu kwe-methionine kungaholela ekwandeni kwe-homocysteine, yize abanye abantu besengozini yokuthola le nqubo kunabanye ().

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izingozi ezingaba khona zokudla okuphezulu kwe-methionine kungahle kube ngenxa ye-homocysteine ​​kune-methionine uqobo ().

Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izinto ezingashintsha amazinga e-homocysteine.

Isibonelo, noma ngabe banokudla okungaphansi kokudla kwe-methionine, ama-vegans kanye nabantu abadla imifino kuphela bangaba ne-homocysteine ​​ephezulu kunama-omnivores ngenxa yokudla okuphansi kwe-vitamin B12 ().

Olunye ucwaningo lukhombise iprotheni ephezulu, ukudla okunama-methionine amaningi akuzange kwandise i-homocysteine ​​ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-protein ephansi, i-low-methionine diet ().

Ngokwengeziwe, ukuguqula ukudla okungafika ku-100% akubonakali kuthinta i-homocysteine ​​kubantu abadala abanempilo ngaphandle kokushoda kwamavithamini ().

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo

Ukuhlola izimpendulo zomzimba ku-methionine, abacwaningi bazonikeza umthamo owodwa omkhulu wale-amino acid futhi babone imiphumela.

Lo mthamo mkhulu kakhulu kunokudla okunconyiwe, imvamisa kuzungeza ama-45 mg / lb (100 mg / kg), noma ama-gramu ayi-6.8 kumuntu osinda ngamakhilogremu ayi-150 (68 kilograms) ().

Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lwenziwe ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezingama-6,000, okunemiphumela engemihle emincane. Le miphumela emibi ifaka phakathi isiyezi, ukulala nokushintsha komfutho wegazi ().

Isigameko esisodwa esibi kakhulu senzeke ngesinye sezi zivivinyo, okwaholela ekufeni komuntu one-high blood pressure kodwa impilo enhle ngenye indlela ().

Kodwa-ke, kubonakala sengathi ukweqisa ngokweqile okungaba cishe izikhathi ezingama-70 ukungena okunconyiwe kubangele izinkinga ().

Sekukonke, kubonakala sengathi i-methionine ayinabuthi ikakhulukazi kubantu abaphilile, ngaphandle kwemithamo ephezulu kakhulu okungenzeka ukuthi ingatholakali ngokudla.

Noma i-methionine ibandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni i-homocysteine, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ukudla ngaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile kuyingozi empilweni yenhliziyo ().

Abantu abalandela izinhlobo eziningi zokudla bavame ukudlula inani eliphansi lokunconywa le-methionine. Imiphumela emibi ekuphenduleni imithamo emikhulu ivame ukuba mincane kepha ingaba yingozi kumanani aphezulu kakhulu.

Okusemqoka

IMethionine iyi-amino acid ehlukile enesibabule engasetshenziselwa ukwakha amaprotheni nokukhiqiza ama-molecule amaningi emzimbeni.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-antioxidant glutathione kanye ne-molecule ye-SAM, esetshenziselwa ukuguqula i-DNA namanye ama-molecule.

I-Methionine itholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokudla okuqukethe amaprotheni futhi ivame ukuba ngaphezulu kuma-protein wesilwane kunamaprotheni ezitshalo. Yize ukudla okune-methionine ephansi kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kunweba isikhathi sokuphila ezilwaneni, noma ngabe lokhu kubalulekile ebantwini akukacaci.

Abantu abadla izinhlobo eziningi zokudla ngokuvamile bahlangabezana nokudla okunconyiwe kwe-methionine, yize abanye abantu asebekhulile bengazuza ngokwandisa ukudla kwabo.

Imiphumela emibi ekuphenduleni imithamo emikhulu imincane impela kepha ingaba yingozi kumanani aphezulu kakhulu kunalokho okungatholwa ukudla okujwayelekile.

Ngokuya ngocwaningo olutholakalayo kubantu abaphilile, mhlawumbe awudingi ukukhawulela ngokukhethekile noma ukwandise ukungena kwe-methionine ekudleni kwakho.