I-Myasthenia gravis: kuyini, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu ezingenzeka
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Yini ebangela i-myasthenia gravis
• Yelashwa kanjani
• 1. Amakhambi
• 2. I-Plasmapheresis
• 3. Ukuhlinzwa
• 4. I-Physiotherapy

Myasthenia gravis, noma myasthenia gravis, yisifo sokuzilimaza esibangela ukuba buthakathaka kwemisipha okuqhubekayo, esivame kakhulu kwabesifazane futhi imvamisa siqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-40 ubudala. Izimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis zingaqala ngokuzumayo, kepha imvamisa ziqala ukuvela futhi ziba zimbi kancane kancane.

Izimbangela ze-myasthenia gravis zihlobene noshintsho kumasosha omzimba abangela ukuthi amasosha omzimba ahlasele izakhiwo ezithile ezibalulekile ekulawuleni imisipha.

THE myasthenia gravis ayinayo ikhambi eliqondile, kepha ukwelashwa okujwayelwe icala ngalinye, ngamakhambi athile nokuzivocavoca nge-physiotherapy, kungathuthukisa izinga lempilo.

Izimpawu ezingenzeka

Izimpawu zokuqala ezivame kakhulu ze-myasthenia gravis yilezi:

• Ubuthakathaka bejwabu leso nobunzima bokuvula amehlo noma ukucwayiza;
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha yamehlo, okuholela ku-strabismus nokubona okuphindiwe;
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile kwemisipha ngemuva kokuzivocavoca noma umzamo womzimba.

Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, izimpawu ziba zimbi futhi zibandakanya:

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha yentamo eshiya ikhanda lilenga phambili noma eceleni;
• Kunzima ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, ukuphakamisa izingalo, ukubhala;
• Kunzima ukukhuluma nokugwinya ukudla;
• Ubuthakathaka bezingalo nemilenze, obuhluka ngamandla ngamandla ngaphezu kwamahora noma izinsuku.

Eziqeshini ezibucayi kakhulu, kungahle kube nokukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula, okuyisimo esibizwa nge-myasthenic crisis, esibucayi futhi esingaholela ekufeni uma singelashwa ngokushesha esibhedlela.

Izimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi ngokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindwayo kwemisipha ethintekile, kepha kungenzeka futhi uma uvezwa ukushisa, lapho unengcindezi noma ukukhathazeka, noma uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-anxiolytic noma ama-antibiotics.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Izikhathi eziningi udokotela esola ngokutholakala kwe- myasthenia gravisngokuhlolwa kwezimpawu, ukuhlolwa komzimba nokutadisha umlando wezempilo yomuntu.

Kodwa-ke, izivivinyo eziningana zingasetshenziselwa ukubhekela ezinye izinkinga nokuqinisekisa i-myasthenia gravis. Ezinye zalezi zivivinyo zifaka i-electroneuromyography, imaging resonance imaging, i-computed tomography kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Yini ebangela i-myasthenia gravis

THE myasthenia gravis kubangelwa ushintsho kumasosha omzimba olwenza ukuthi amanye ama-antibody ahlasele ama-receptors akhona emisipheni. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umyalezo kagesi awukwazi ukudlula kahle kusuka kuma-neurons kuye emisipheni yemisipha, ngakho-ke, imisipha ayivumelani, ikhombisa ubuthakathaka besici se-myasthenia.

Yelashwa kanjani

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwelashwa ezingathuthukisa izinga lomuntu lokuphila, kuya ngezimpawu ezethulwayo. Amanye amafomu asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka:

1. Amakhambi

Imithi iyindlela yokwelashwa esetshenziswa kakhulu, ngoba, ngaphezu kokusebenza, inemiphumela emihle kakhulu. Izinhlobo zomuthi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi:

• I-Cholinesterase inhibitors, njengePyridostigmine: kuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwesisusa sikagesi phakathi kwe-neuron kanye nemisipha, kuthuthukise ukusikwa kwamandla emisipha namandla;
• Ama-Corticosteroids, njengePrednisone: yehlisa umphumela wesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, ngakho-ke, inganciphisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, azikwazi ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, njengoba zingaba nemiphumela engemihle eminingana;
• Ama-immunosuppressants, njenge-Azathioprine noma iCiclosporin: le mishanguzo inciphisa nokusebenza kwamasosha omzimba, kepha asetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho izimpawu zingathuthuki namanye amakhambi.

Ngaphezu kwamakhambi omlomo, udokotela futhi angancoma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi efakwa emithanjeni, njengama-antibody monoclonal, anciphisa inani lamaseli wokuzivikela emzimbeni, enze ngcono izimpawu myasthenia gravis.

2. I-Plasmapheresis

I-Plasmapheresis iyindlela yokwelapha, efana ne-dialysis, lapho kususwa khona igazi emzimbeni kudluliswe ngomshini osusa amasosha omzimba amaningi ahlasela ama-receptors wemisipha, enza kube lula ukudlula kwesiginali kagesi phakathi kwe-neurons nemicu yemisipha.

Yize ingeyokwelapha enemiphumela emihle, ibuye ibe nezingozi ezithile kwezempilo njengokuphuma kwegazi, ukuqubuka kwemisipha kanye nokungezwani okukhulu komzimba.

3. Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa ukwelashwa okungajwayelekile, kepha kungadingeka lapho kutholakala isimila esithweni somzimba sokuzivikela esibangela ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies akhiqiza i-myasthenia gravis.

4. I-Physiotherapy

I-motorotherapy ne-physiotherapy yokuphefumula nayo ikhonjisiwe ekwelapheni i-myasthenia gravis ukuze kuqiniswe imisipha, kuthuthukiswe ukuhamba, ukuphefumula nokuvikela izifo zokuphefumula.