Iqiniso Mayelana Nomuthi Wokugoma i-MMR

-Delile

• Lokho okwenziwa ngumuthi wokugoma we-MMR
• Imasisi
• Izimpumputhe
• URubella (isimungumungwane saseJalimane)
• Ngubani okufanele athole umuthi wokugoma we-MMR
• Ubani okungafanele athole umuthi wokugoma we-MMR
• Umuthi wokugoma we-MMR kanye ne-autism
• Imiphumela emibi yokugoma ye-MMR
• Funda kabanzi nge-MMR

Umuthi wokugoma we-MMR: Okudingayo ukwazi

Umuthi wokugomela we-MMR, owethulwa e-United States ngo-1971, usiza ukuvimbela isimungumungwane, imvukuzane ne-rubella (isimungumungwane saseJalimane). Lo muthi wokugoma ube yintuthuko enkulu empini yokuvikela lezi zifo eziyingozi.

Kodwa-ke, umuthi wokugoma we-MMR awusiyona impikiswano. Ngo-1998, okushicilelwe ku-The Lancet kwaxhumanisa umuthi wokugoma nobungozi obukhulu bezempilo ezinganeni, kufaka phakathi i-autism nezifo ezivuthayo zamathumbu.

Kepha ngo-2010, iphephabhuku elifundayo, licaphuna imikhuba engemihle kanye nolwazi olungalungile. Kusukela lapho, ucwaningo oluningi selufuna ukuxhumana phakathi komuthi wokugoma we-MMR nalezi zimo. Alukho uxhumano olutholakele.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde amaqiniso amaningi ngomuthi wokugoma we-MMR osindisa impilo.

Lokho okwenziwa ngumuthi wokugoma we-MMR

Umuthi wokugoma we-MMR uvikela ezifweni ezintathu ezinkulu: isimungumungwane, imvukuzane, ne-rubella (isimungumungwane saseJalimane). Zonke lezi zifo zingadala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, zingaholela nasekufeni.

Ngaphambi kokukhishwa komuthi wokugoma, lezi zifo zaziseMelika.

Imasisi

Izimpawu zemasisi zifaka:

• ukuqubuka
• ukukhwehlela
• ikhala eligijimayo
• imfiva
• amabala amhlophe emlonyeni (izindawo zeKoplik)

Isimungumungwane singaholela ekuphatheni i-pneumonia, ekungenweni yizindlebe, nasekulimaleni kobuchopho.

Izimpumputhe

Izimpawu zomqubu zifaka:

• imfiva
• ikhanda
• izindlala zamathe ezivuvukile
• izinhlungu zemisipha
• ubuhlungu lapho uhlafuna noma ugwinya

Izithulu kanye ne-meningitis yizinkinga zombili zezimungulu.

URubella (isimungumungwane saseJalimane)

Izimpawu ze-rubella zifaka:

• ukuqubuka
• umkhuhlane ophakathi nendawo kuya kokulingene
• amehlo abomvu nokuvuvukala
• ama-lymph node avuvukile ngemuva kwentamo
• i-arthritis (evame kakhulu kwabesifazane)

URubella angadala izinkinga ezinkulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, kufaka phakathi ukukhulelwa kwesisu noma ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa.

Ngubani okufanele athole umuthi wokugoma we-MMR

Ngokusho kweminyaka ephakanyisiwe yokuthola umuthi wokugoma we-MMR yile:

• izingane ezineminyaka engu-12 kuya kwezingu-15 ubudala ngomthamo wokuqala
• izingane ezineminyaka engu-4 kuya kwengu-6 ukuthola umthamo wesibili
• abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphezulu futhi abazalwe ngemuva kuka-1956 kufanele bathole umthamo owodwa, ngaphandle uma bengafakazela ukuthi sebegonyiwe noma bebenezifo ezintathu

Ngaphambi kokuhambela amazwe omhlaba, izingane eziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-11 ubudala kufanele zithole okungenani umthamo wokuqala. Lezi zingane kusamele zithole imithamo emibili ngemuva kokufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ubudala. Izingane ezinezinyanga eziyi-12 noma ngaphezulu kufanele zithole imithamo yomibili ngaphambi kohambo olunjalo.

Noma ngubani onezinyanga eziyishumi nambili ubudala noma ngaphezulu osethole okungenani umthamo owodwa we-MMR kodwa obhekwa njengosengozini enkulu yokuthola imvukuzane ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kufanele athole umuthi wokugomela omunye mumps.

Kuzo zonke izimo, amanani kufanele anikezwe okungenani izinsuku ezingama-28 ngokuhlukana.

Ubani okungafanele athole umuthi wokugoma we-MMR

Ihlinzeka ngohlu lwalabo bantu okungafanele bathole umuthi wokugoma we-MMR. Kubandakanya abantu:

• ube nokugula okweqile noma okusongela ukuphila ku-neomycin noma kwenye ingxenye yomuthi wokugoma
• ube nokuphendula okungathi sína kumthamo owedlule we-MMR noma i-MMRV (isimungumungwane, uqwilikana, irubella, ne-varicella)
• unomdlavuza noma uthola ukwelashwa komdlavuza okwehlisa amandla amasosha omzimba
• une-HIV, i-AIDS, noma esinye isifo sokuzivikela komzimba
• bathola noma yimiphi imithi ethinta amasosha omzimba, njenge-steroids
• unesifo sofuba

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungahle uthande ukubambezela ukugoma uma:

• njengamanje unokugula okulingene kuya kokubi
• abakhulelwe
• usanda kuthelwa igazi noma ube nesimo esikwenza wophe noma ulimale kalula
• bathole omunye umuthi wokugoma emasontweni amane edlule

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuthi wena noma ingane yakho kufanele nithole umuthi wokugoma we-MMR, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Umuthi wokugoma we-MMR kanye ne-autism

Izifundo eziningana zihlolisise isixhumanisi seMMR-autism ngokuya ngokwanda kwamacala e-autism kusukela ngo-1979.

yabika ngo-2001 ukuthi isibalo sokuxilongwa kwe-autism besilokhu sikhuphuka kusukela ngo-1979. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo alutholanga ukwanda kwamacala e-autism ngemuva kokwethulwa komuthi wokugoma iMMR. Esikhundleni salokho, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi inani elikhulayo lamacala e-autism kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yezinguquko endleleni odokotela abathola ngayo i-autism.

Kusukela leyo ndatshana ishicilelwe, kutholwe izifundo eziningi asikho isixhumanisi phakathi kokugoma kwe-MMR ne-autism. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izifundo ezishicilelwe kumajenali kanye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwango-2014 olushicilelwe kuma-Pediatrics lubuyekeze ucwaningo olungaphezulu kwama-67 mayelana nokuphepha kwemithi yokugoma e-United States futhi lwaphetha ngokuthi “amandla obufakazi aphakeme ukuthi umuthi wokugoma weMMR awuhlangene nokuqala kwe-autism ezinganeni.”

Futhi ucwaningo luka-2015 olushicilelwe okutholakele ukuthi ngisho naphakathi kwezingane ezinezingane zakubo ezine-autism, ayikho ingozi eyengeziwe ye-autism exhunywe nomuthi wokugoma we-MMR.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, bobabili bayavumelana: abukho ubufakazi bokuthi umuthi wokugoma weMMR ubangela i-autism.

Imiphumela emibi yokugoma ye-MMR

Njengokwelashwa okuningi, umuthi wokugoma we-MMR ungadala imiphumela emibi. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kuka, iningi labantu abanalo mjovo wokugula alinayo imiphumela emibi nhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundazwe zithi “ukuthola umuthi wokugoma we-MMR kuphephe kakhulu kunokuthola isimungumungwane, imvukuzane noma i-rubella.”

Imiphumela emibi yokugoma kwe-MMR ingaba kusuka kokuncane kuya kokubi kakhulu:

• Okuncane: umkhuhlane nokuqubuka okuncane
• Maphakathi: ubuhlungu nokuqina kwamalunga, ukubanjwa, nokubalwa kweplatelet okuphansi
• Sína: ukusabela okweqile, okungadala isifuba, ukuvuvukala, nenkinga yokuphefumula (okungavamile kakhulu)

Uma wena noma ingane yakho unemiphumela engemihle evela emthonjeni okukhathazayo, tshela udokotela wakho.

Funda kabanzi nge-MMR

Ngokusho kwalokhu, imithi yokugoma inciphise ukuqubuka kwezifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi nezivikelwe. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuphepha kwemithi yokugoma, kufaka phakathi umuthi wokugoma we-MMR, into enhle ongayenza ukuhlala unolwazi futhi uhlale uhlola izingozi nezinzuzo zanoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi:

• Yini Ofuna Ukwazi Ngemigomo?
• Ukuphikiswa Kokugoma