UMyasthenia Gravis

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis?
• Yini ebangela i-myasthenia gravis?
• I-myasthenia gravis itholakala kanjani?
• Izinketho zokwelashwa kwe-myasthenia gravis
• Imithi
• Ukususwa kwendlala ye-Thymus
• Ukushintshaniswa kwe-Plasma
• I-globulin yokuzivikela efakwa ngaphakathi
• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila
• Izinkinga ze-myasthenia gravis
• Umbono wesikhathi eside

I-Myasthenia gravis

I-Myasthenia gravis (MG) yisifo se-neuromuscular disorder esibangela ubuthakathaka emisipheni yamathambo, okuyizicubu umzimba wakho ozisebenzisela ukunyakaza. Kwenzeka lapho ukuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa nemisipha kungasebenzi. Lokhu kukhubazeka kuvimbela ukuncipha kwemisipha okubalulekile ukuthi kungenzeki, okuholela ebuthakathakeni bemisipha.

Ngokusho kweMyasthenia Gravis Foundation of America, i-MG yisifo esiyisisekelo esivame kakhulu sokudluliswa kwe-neuromuscular. Yisimo esingajwayelekile ngokuqhathaniswa esithinta abantu abaphakathi kuka-14 no-20 kwabangu-100 000 e-United States.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis?

Uphawu olukhulu lwe-MG ubuthakathaka emisipheni yamathambo yokuzithandela, okuyimisipha engaphansi kolawulo lwakho. Ukwehluleka kwemisipha ukwenza inkontileka ngokujwayelekile kwenzeka ngoba abakwazi ukuphendula imizwa yezinzwa. Ngaphandle kokudluliswa okufanele kwethonya, ukuxhumana phakathi kwemizwa nemisipha kuyavalwa nemiphumela yobuthakathaka.

Ubuthakathaka obuhlotshaniswa ne-MG buya buba bubi ngomsebenzi omningi futhi kuthuthuke ngokuphumula. Izimpawu ze-MG zingafaka:

• unenkinga yokukhuluma
• izinkinga ukukhuphuka izitebhisi noma ukuphakamisa izinto
• ukukhubazeka ebusweni
• ukuphefumula kanzima ngenxa yobuthakathaka bemisipha
• ubunzima bokugwinya noma ukuhlafuna
• ukukhathala
• izwi elihoshozelayo
• ukujula kwamajwabu amehlo
• ukubona kabili

Akuwona wonke umuntu ozoba nazo zonke izimpawu, futhi izinga lobuthakathaka bemisipha lingashintsha usuku nosuku. Ubukhulu bezimpawu buye bunyuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma buyekwa bungalashwa.

Yini ebangela i-myasthenia gravis?

I-MG yisifo se-neuromuscular disorder esivame ukubangelwa inkinga ezenzakalelayo. Ukuphazamiseka kokuzivikela komzimba kwenzeka lapho amasosha akho omzimba ehlasela ngephutha izicubu ezinempilo. Kulesi simo, amasosha omzimba, angamaprotheni avamise ukuhlasela izinto zangaphandle, eziyingozi emzimbeni, ahlasela lapho kuhlangana khona i-neuromuscular junction. Ukulimala kolwelwesi lwe-neuromuscular kunciphisa umphumela we-neurotransmitter substance acetylcholine, nokuyinto ebalulekile yokuxhumana phakathi kwamaseli ezinzwa nemisipha. Lokhu kubangela ukuba buthakathaka kwemisipha.

Imbangela ngqo yalokhu kusabela okuzenzakalelayo ayicaci kososayensi. Ngokusho kwe-Muscular Dystrophy Association, umbono owodwa ukuthi amaprotheni athile wegciwane noma amabhaktheriya angahle enze umzimba uhlasele i-acetylcholine.

NgokweNational Institutes of Health, i-MG ivame ukwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40. Abesifazane basengozini yokutholakala njengabantu abadala, kanti abesilisa yibo abatholakala beneminyaka engama-60 noma ngaphezulu.

I-myasthenia gravis itholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba, futhi athathe umlando oningiliziwe wezimpawu zakho. Bazophinde benze ukuhlolwa kwemizwa. Lokhu kungaqukatha:

• ngibheka ingqondo yakho
• ngifuna ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• ngibheka ithoni yemisipha
• ukwenza ukuthi amehlo akho ahambe kahle
• umuzwa wokuhlola ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wakho
• ukuhlola imisebenzi yezimoto, njengokuthinta umunwe wakho ekhaleni lakho

Ezinye izivivinyo ezingasiza udokotela wakho ukuxilonga lesi simo zifaka:

• ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindayo kwezinzwa
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwama-antibodies ahlobene ne-MG
• i-edrophonium (Tensilon) test: umuthi obizwa ngeTensilon (noma i-placebo) ufakwa ngemithambo, futhi ucelwa ukuthi wenze ukunyakaza kwemisipha ngaphansi kokubhekwa ngudokotela
• Ukucabanga kwesifuba usebenzisa i-CT scan noma i-MRI ukukhipha isimila

Izinketho zokwelashwa kwe-myasthenia gravis

Alikho ikhambi le-MG. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuphatha izimpawu nokulawula ukusebenza kwamasosha akho omzimba.

Imithi

Ama-Corticosteroids nama-immunosuppressants angasetshenziselwa ukucindezela amasosha omzimba. Le mithi isiza ukunciphisa ukuphendula okungavamile komzimba okuvela ku-MG.

Ngokwengeziwe, i-cholinesterase inhibitors, efana ne-pyridostigmine (Mestinon), ingasetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinzwa nemisipha.

Ukususwa kwendlala ye-Thymus

Ukususwa kwe-thymus gland, okuyingxenye yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, kungafaneleka ezigulini eziningi ezine-MG. Uma i-thymus isusiwe, iziguli zivamise ukukhombisa ukubuthakathaka kwemisipha okuncane.

Ngokusho kweMyasthenia Gravis Foundation of America, abantu abaphakathi kuka-10 no-15% abane-MG bazoba nesimila ku-thymus yabo. Izicubu, ngisho nalezo ezinobungozi, zihlala zisuswa ngoba zingaba nomdlavuza.

Ukushintshaniswa kwe-Plasma

I-Plasmapheresis yaziwa nangokuthi ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma. Le nqubo isusa amasosha omzimba ayingozi egazini, okungaholela ekwandeni kwamandla emisipha.

I-Plasmapheresis iyindlela yokwelashwa yesikhashana. Umzimba uyaqhubeka nokukhiqiza ama-antibody ayingozi nobuthakathaka bungabuya. Ukushintshaniswa kweplasma kuyasiza ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma ngezikhathi zobuthakathaka obukhulu be-MG.

I-globulin yokuzivikela efakwa ngaphakathi

I-immune globulin (IVIG) efakwa ngaphakathi ingumkhiqizo wegazi oqhamuka kubanikeli. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-MG ezenzakalelayo. Yize kungaziwa ngokuphelele ukuthi i-IVIG isebenza kanjani, ithinta ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwama-antibodies.

Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila

Kunezinto ezithile ongazenza ekhaya ukusiza ukunciphisa izimpawu ze-MG:

• Thola ukuphumula okuningi ukusiza ukunciphisa ubuthakathaka bemisipha.
• Uma ukhathazwa umbono ophindwe kabili, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kufanele yini ufake isichibi samehlo.
• Gwema ukucindezeleka nokuchayeka kokushisa, njengoba zombili zingaba zimbi izimpawu.

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha azikwazi ukwelapha i-MG. Kodwa-ke, ngokujwayelekile uzobona ukuthuthuka kuzimpawu zakho. Abanye abantu bangangena ekuxolelweni, lapho ukwelashwa kungadingekile.

Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi noma izithasiselo ozithathayo. Ezinye izidakamizwa zingenza izimpawu ze-MG zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuthatha noma imuphi umuthi omusha, buza nodokotela wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuphephile.

Izinkinga ze-myasthenia gravis

Enye yezinkinga eziyingozi kakhulu ze-MG yinkinga ye-myasthenic. Lokhu kuqukethe ubuthakathaka bemisipha obusongela impilo obungabandakanya izinkinga zokuphefumula. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi zakho. Uma uqala ukuba nenkinga yokuphefumula noma ukugwinya, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lakho labezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Abantu abane-MG basengozini enkulu yokuthola ezinye izifo ezizimele njenge-lupus ne-rheumatoid arthritis.

Umbono wesikhathi eside

Umbono wesikhathi eside we-MG uncike ezintweni eziningi. Abanye abantu bazoba nezimpawu ezincane kuphela. Abanye bangagcina behamba ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho ongakwenza ukuze unciphise ubunzima be-MG yakho. Ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nangendlela efanele kunganciphisa ukukhula kwezifo kubantu abaningi.