Siseduze Kangakanani Ukwelashwa Kwe-Multiple Sclerosis?

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zokuguqula izifo
• Imithi yokuhlola
• Amasu aqhutshwa yidatha ukukhomba ukwelashwa
• Intuthuko ocwaningweni lofuzo
• Izifundo ze-gut microbiome
• Ukuthatha

Ukubuka konke

Okwamanje alikho ikhambi le-multiple sclerosis (MS) okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, sekutholakale imishanguzo emisha yokusiza ukunciphisa ukukhula kwesifo nokuphatha izimpawu zaso.

Abaphenyi bayaqhubeka nokwakha ukwelashwa okusha futhi bafunde kabanzi ngezimbangela nezici zobungozi balesi sifo.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngezinye zezindlela zokwelashwa zakamuva nezindlela zocwaningo ezethembisayo.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zokuguqula izifo

Izindlela zokwelapha eziguqula izifo (i-DMTs) yiqembu eliyinhloko lemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-MS. Kuze kube manje, i-Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) ivume ama-DMTs angaphezu kweshumi nambili ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-MS.

Muva nje, i-FDA ivume:

• Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus). Iphatha amafomu abuyela emuva we-MS kanye ne-MS ehamba phambili eyinhloko (PPMS). Lokhu kuzokwamukelwa ukwelapha i-PPMS futhi ukuphela kokuvunyelwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezine ze-MS.
• I-Fingolimod (Gilenya). Lesi sidakamizwa siphatha i-MS yezingane. Yayivele ivunyelwe abantu abadala. Ngo-2018, kwaba i-DMT yokuqala ukuvunywa.
• I-Cladribine (iMavenclad). Kuvunyelwe ukwelapha i-MS ebuyisela emuva (i-RRMS) kanye ne-MS yesibili eqhubekayo esebenzayo (SPMS).
• I-Siponimod (Mayzent). Kuvunyelwe ukwelapha i-RRMS, i-Active SPMS, kanye nesifo sodwa sasemtholampilo (i-CIS). Esivivinyweni somtholampilo sesigaba III, kunciphise ngempumelelo izinga lokuphindaphinda kubantu abane-Active SPMS. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-placebo, isike inani lokubuyela emuva ngesigamu.
• I-Diroximel fumarate (Ubuningi). Lesi sidakamizwa sivunyelwe ukwelapha i-RRMS, i-Active SPMS, ne-CIS. Ifana ne-dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera), i-DMT endala. Kodwa-ke, kubangela imiphumela emibi embalwa yamathumbu.
• I-Ozanimod (Zeposia). Lesi sidakamizwa sivunyelwe ukwelapha i-CIS, i-RRMS, ne-SPMS esebenzayo. Yi-DMT entsha ukwengezwa emakethe futhi yamukelwa yi-FDA ngoMashi 2020.

Ngenkathi ukwelashwa okusha kuvunyelwe, omunye umuthi ususiwe emashalofini ekhemisi.

NgoMashi 2018, i-daclizumab (iZinbryta) yahoxiswa ezimakethe emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi sidakamizwa asisatholakali ukwelapha i-MS.

Imithi yokuhlola

Eminye imishanguzo eminingana isebenza ngendlela yayo yocwaningo. Ezifundweni zakamuva, eminye yale mithi ikhombise isithembiso sokwelapha i-MS.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Imiphumela yesivivinyo esisha somtholampilo wesigaba II iphakamisa ukuthi ibudilast ingasiza ekwehliseni ukuqhubeka kokukhubazeka kubantu abane-MS. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalo muthi, umenzi uhlela ukwenza isivivinyo somtholampilo wesigaba III.
• Okutholakele ocwaningweni oluncane olushicilelwe ngo-2017 kusikisela ukuthi i-clemastine fumarate ingasiza ekubuyiseleni ukugqoka okuvikelayo okuzungeze izinzwa kubantu abanezindlela zokubuyela emuva ze-MS. Le antihistamine yomlomo okwamanje iyatholakala ngaphezu kwekhawunta kodwa hhayi kumthamo osetshenziswe esivivinyweni somtholampilo. Ucwaningo oluningi luyadingeka ukutadisha izinzuzo nezingozi zalo zokwelapha i-MS.

Lezi yizindlela ezimbalwa kuphela zokwelashwa ezifundwayo njengamanje. Ukuze ufunde ngezivivinyo zokwelashwa zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo ze-MS, vakashela iClinicalTrials.gov.

Amasu aqhutshwa yidatha ukukhomba ukwelashwa

Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwemithi emisha ye-MS, abantu banenombolo ekhulayo yezindlela zokwelashwa abangakhetha kuzo.

Ukusiza ekuqondiseni izinqumo zabo, ososayensi basebenzisa imininingwane emikhulu nokuhlaziywa kwezibalo ukuzama ukukhomba izindlela ezingcono zokwelashwa zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeziguli, kubika i-Multiple Sclerosis Association of America.

Ekugcineni, lolu cwaningo lungasiza iziguli nodokotela ukuthi bafunde ukuthi iziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezingabasebenzela.

Intuthuko ocwaningweni lofuzo

Ukuqonda izimbangela nezici zobungozi be-MS, ososayensi bezakhi zofuzo nabanye ososayensi bahlanganisa i-genome yomuntu ukuthola imikhondo.

Amalungu e-International MS Genetics Consortium akhombe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zofuzo ezihambisana ne-MS. Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombe izakhi zofuzo ezine ezintsha ezixhumene nalesi simo.

Ekugcineni, okutholwe kanjena kungasiza ososayensi ukuthi bakhe amasu namathuluzi amasha okubikezela, ukuvimbela nokuphatha i-MS.

Izifundo ze-gut microbiome

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ososayensi nabo baqale ukutadisha iqhaza elibanjwa amagciwane kanye namanye amagciwane emathunjini ethu ekukhuleni nasekuqhubekeni kwe-MS. Lo mphakathi wamagciwane waziwa njenge-gut microbiome yethu.

Akuwona wonke amabhaktheriya ayingozi. Eqinisweni, amabhaktheriya amaningi "anobungane" ahlala emizimbeni yethu futhi asiza ukulawula amasosha ethu omzimba.

Lapho ibhalansi yamagciwane emizimbeni yethu icishiwe, kungaholela ekuvukeleni. Lokhu kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezizimele, kufaka phakathi i-MS.

Ukucwaninga ku-gut microbiome kungasiza ososayensi baqonde ukuthi kungani abantu bakhulisa i-MS futhi kanjani. Kungabuye kuvule indlela yezindlela ezintsha zokwelashwa, kufaka phakathi ukungenelela kokudla nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Ukuthatha

Ososayensi bayaqhubeka nokuthola ukuqonda okusha ngezingcuphe nezimbangela ze-MS kanye namasu wokulashwa angaba khona.

Imithi emisha ivunyelwe eminyakeni yamuva. Abanye bakhombise isithembiso ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.

Le ntuthuko isiza ukuthuthukisa impilo nenhlalakahle yabantu abaningi abaphila nalesi simo ngenkathi kuqinisa ithemba lokuthi kungenzeka kube nokwelashwa.