Ukuqonda i-Nonverbal Autism

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu ze-autism engasho lutho?
• Yini ebangela i-autism?
• Itholakala kanjani i-nonverbal autism?
• Yini okufanele uyibheke
• Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa?
• Uyini umbono wabantu abangasho lutho?
• Okubalulekile

I-Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) yigama lesambulela elisetshenziselwa ukukhomba izinkinga ezahlukahlukene ze-neurodevelopmental. Lezi zinkinga ziqoqelwe ndawonye ngenxa yokuthi ziphazamisa kanjani ngokufanayo ikhono lomuntu lokuxhumana, ukuzijabulisa, ukuziphatha nokuzithuthukisa.

Abantu abaningi abane-autistic banezinkinga ezithile noma ukubambezeleka ngokuxhumana nenkulumo. Lokhu kungaba ku-spectrum kusuka kumnene kuya kokubi.

Kepha abanye abantu abane-autism kungenzeka bangakhulumi nakancane. Eqinisweni, iningi lezingane ezine-ASD alikho emazwini.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde nge-autism engasebenzisi amagama nezinketho zokwenza ngcono ukuxhumana.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-autism engasho lutho?

Isici esiyinhloko sokukhomba i-autism engasho lutho ukuthi ngabe umuntu ukhuluma ngokucacile noma cha ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Abantu abane-Autistic bangaba nobunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuqhuba ingxoxo nomunye umuntu, kepha labo abangasho lutho abakhulumi nhlobo.

Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Kungenzeka ngoba bane-apraxia yokukhuluma. Lesi yisifo esingaphazamisa ikhono lomuntu lokukhuluma akufunayo kahle.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi abakathuthukisi amakhono olimi lokukhuluma. Ezinye izingane zingalahlekelwa namakhono okukhuluma njengoba izimpawu zalesi sifo ziba zimbi kakhulu futhi zivele zivele.

Ezinye izingane ezine-autistic nazo zingaba ne-echolalia. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi baphindaphinde amagama noma amabinzana kaninginingi. Kungenza ukuxhumana kube nzima.

Ezinye izimpawu zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziyinhloko ezintathu:

• Komphakathi. Abantu abane-Autistic bavame ukuba nobunzima ngokuxhumana nabantu. Bangaba namahloni futhi bahoxe. Bangakugwema ukuthintana emehlweni futhi bangaphenduli lapho kubizwa igama labo. Abanye abantu kungenzeka bangasihloniphi isikhala somuntu siqu. Abanye bangamelana nakho konke ukuthintana ngokomzimba ngokuphelele. Lezi zimpawu zingabashiya bezizwa bebodwa okungagcina kuholele ekukhathazekeni nasekucindezelekeni.
• Ukuziphatha. Umkhuba ungabalulekile kumuntu one-autistic. Noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka esimisweni sabo sansuku zonke kungabenza bacasuke, noma babhebhethekise. Ngokunjalo, abanye baba nezintshisekelo zokuchitha isikhathi futhi basebenzise amahora amaningi belungiselelwe iphrojekthi ethile, incwadi, isihloko, noma umsebenzi othile. Akuvamile futhi, noma kunjalo, ngabantu abane-autistic ukuthi babe nesikhathi esifushane sokunaka futhi bahambe ukusuka komunye umsebenzi baye komunye. Izimpawu zokuziphatha komuntu ngamunye ziyehluka.
• Intuthuko. Abantu abane-Autistic bakhula ngamanani ahlukile. Ezinye izingane zingakhula ngejubane elijwayelekile iminyaka eminingana, bese zibhekana nengqinamba ezineminyaka yobudala engu-2 noma engu-3. Ezinye zingase zithole ukukhula okulibazisekile kusukela ebusheni okuqhubeka kuye ebuntwaneni nasebusheni.

Izimpawu zivame ukuthuthuka ngobudala. Njengoba izingane zikhula, izimpawu zingase zibe nzima kakhulu futhi ziphazamise. Ingane yakho nayo ingakhuluma ngamazwi ngokungenelela nangokwelapha.

Yini ebangela i-autism?

Okwamanje asazi ukuthi yini ebangela i-autism. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi banokuqonda okungcono kwezinye izici ezingadlala indima.

• Iminyaka yobuzali. Izingane ezizalwa ngabazali asebekhulile zingaba nethuba eliphakeme lokuthuthukisa i-autism.
• Ukuvezwa ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ubuthi bezemvelo nokuchayeka kuzinsimbi ezisindayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungadlala indima.
• Umlando womndeni. Izingane ezinelungu lomndeni eliseduze eline-autism maningi amathuba okuthi ziyithuthukise.
• Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo nokuphazamiseka. I-Fragile X syndrome kanye ne-tuberous sclerosis yizimbangela ezimbili eziphenywa ngokuxhumana kwazo ne-autism.
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Izingane ezinesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa zingaba namathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa lesi sifo.
• Ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali nokwenziwa komzimba. Ukuphazanyiswa kwamahomoni noma amakhemikhali kungaphazamisa ukukhula kwengqondo okungaholela ezinguquko ezifundeni zobuchopho ezihlotshaniswa ne-autism.

Imigomo ungenzi kubangele i-autism. Ngo-1998, ucwaningo olwaba nempikiswano lwaphakamisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-autism nemithi yokugoma. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luye lwaveza ukuthi lowo mbiko. Eqinisweni, abacwaningi bayihoxisa ngo-2010.

Itholakala kanjani i-nonverbal autism?

Ukuhlonza i-autism engacacisi kuyinqubo yezigaba eziningi. Udokotela wezingane wengane angaba ngumhlinzeki wokuqala wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukucabanga nge-ASD. Abazali, bebona izimpawu ezingalindelekile njengokuntuleka kokukhuluma, bangaletha ukukhathazeka kwabo kudokotela.

Lowo mhlinzeki angacela izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ezingasiza ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging njenge-MRI noma i-CT scan

Abanye odokotela bezingane bangadlulisela izingane kudokotela wezingane okhulayo. Labodokotela bagxile ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka okufana ne-autism.

Lo dokotela wezingane angacela ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe nemibiko. Lokhu kungafaka umlando ogcwele wezokwelapha wengane nabazali, ukubuyekezwa kokukhulelwa kukamama kanye nanoma yiziphi izinkinga noma izingqinamba ezavela phakathi nakho, nokuwohloka kokuhlinzwa, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, noma ukwelashwa ingane ebinakho kusukela izelwe.

Ekugcineni, izivivinyo eziqondene ne-autism zingasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ukuhlolwa okuningana, kufaka phakathi i-Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, uHlelo Lwesibili (i-ADOS-2) kanye ne-Childhood Autism Rating Scale, uHlelo Lwesithathu (GARS-3), kungasetshenziswa nezingane ezingakhulumi ngamazwi.

Lezi zivivinyo zisiza abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi banqume ukuthi ingane ihlangabezana nenqubo ye-autism.

Yini okufanele uyibheke

wezingane ezine-autistic zibika ukuthi baqale baqaphela izimpawu ngaphambi kosuku lokuqala lokuzalwa kwengane yabo.

Iningi - labona izimpawu ezinyangeni ezingama-24.

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-autism zifaka:

• bangaphenduli egameni labo ngonyaka ongu-1
• hhayi ukubhuza noma ukuhleka kanye nabazali ngonyaka ongu-1
• hhayi ukukhomba izinto ezithakazelisayo ngezinyanga eziyi-14
• ukugwema ukuthintana kwamehlo noma uncamela ukuba wedwa
• ayidlali izenza izinyanga eziyi-18
• angahlangabezani nezinyathelo zentuthuko zenkulumo nolimi
• ukuphinda amagama noma imishwana kaninginingi
• ukucasulwa izinguquko ezincane ezinhlelweni
• ukushaya izandla zabo noma ukuzamazamisa imizimba yabo ukuthola induduzo

Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa?

Alikho ikhambi le-autism. Esikhundleni salokho, ukwelashwa kugxila ekwelapheni nasekungeneleleni kokuziphatha okusiza umuntu ukuba anqobe izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu nokubambezeleka kwentuthuko.

Izingane ezingasebenzisi amagama cishe zizodinga usizo lwansuku zonke njengoba zifunda ukuzibandakanya nabanye. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisiza ingane yakho ukuthi ithuthukise amakhono olimi nawokuxhumana. Lapho kungenzeka khona, abahlinzeki bezempilo bangazama futhi ukwakha amakhono okukhuluma.

Ukwelashwa kwe-autism engasebenzi kungafaka:

• Ukungenelela kwezemfundo. Izingane ezine-Autistic zivame ukuphendula kahle ezenzakalweni ezihleleke kakhulu futhi ezinamandla ezifundisa indlela yokuziphatha ekhonjiwe ngamakhono. Lezi zinhlelo zisiza izingane zifunde amakhono ezenhlalo namakhono olimi ngenkathi futhi zisebenza kwezemfundo nentuthuko.
• Umuthi. Awukho umuthi ngqo we-autism, kodwa izidakamizwa ezithile zingasiza ezimweni ezithile nasezimpawu ezihlobene nazo. Lokhu kufaka ukukhathazeka noma ukudangala, kanye nokuphazamiseka kobuntu okuphoqelela ngokweqile. Ngokunjalo, ama-antipsychotic meds angasiza ezinkingeni zokuziphatha ezinzima, futhi imishanguzo ye-ADHD inganciphisa isimilo esingacabangi nokungasebenzi kahle.
• Ukwelulekwa komndeni. Abazali nezingane zakwabo yengane ene-autistic bangazuza ekwelashweni komuntu ngamunye. Lezi zikhathi zingakusiza ukuthi ufunde ukubhekana nezinselelo ze-autism engasebenzi.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ine-autism, la maqembu anganikeza usizo:

• Udokotela wezingane wengane yakho. Yenza i-aphoyintimenti yokubona udokotela wengane yakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Bhala noma urekhode ukuziphatha okuphathelene nawe. Uma uqala inqubo yokuqala ukuthola izimpendulo, kungcono.
• Iqembu lokusekela lendawo. Izibhedlela eziningi kanye namahhovisi ezingane ziba namaqembu okusekela abazali bezingane ezinezinselelo ezifanayo. Buza isibhedlela sakho ukuthi ungaxhumeka yini eqenjini elihlangana endaweni yangakini.

Uyini umbono wabantu abangasho lutho?

I-Autism ayinalo ikhambi, kepha mkhulu umsebenzi osuwenziwe ukuthola izinhlobo zokwelashwa ezifanele. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusiza noma iyiphi ingane ibe nethuba elikhulu kakhulu lokuphumelela esikhathini esizayo.

Ngakho-ke, uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho ikhombisa izimpawu zokuqala ze-autism, khuluma nodokotela wezingane ngokushesha. Uma ungazizwa sengathi ukukhathazeka kwakho kuthathwa ngokungathí sina, cabanga ngombono wesibili.

Ubuntwana besikhathi sokuqala yisikhathi soshintsho olukhulu, kepha noma iyiphi ingane eqala ukuhlehlela emuva kumanyathelo abo okukhula kufanele ibonwe ngungoti. Ngale ndlela, uma kukhona ukungahambi kahle okuyimbangela, ukwelashwa kungaqala ngokushesha.

Okubalulekile

Izingane ezingaba ngamaphesenti angama-40 zezingane ezine-autistic azikhulumi nakancane. Abanye bangakhuluma kepha banamakhono amancane kakhulu olimi nokuxhumana.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokusiza ingane yakho yakhe amakhono ayo okukhulumisana futhi okungenzeka ifunde ukukhuluma ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sabantu abane-autism engasho lutho.