I-Ovarian Cancer

-Delile

• Buyekeza kwe-

Unyaka ngamunye, balinganiselwa ku-25,000 abesifazane abatholakala benomdlavuza wesibeletho, okuyimbangela yesihlanu ehamba phambili yokufa komdlavuza-okuholela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-15,000 ngo-2008 kuphela. Nakuba ngokuvamile lihlasela abesifazane abaneminyaka engu-60 nangaphezulu, amaphesenti angu-10 ezigameko zenzeka kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphansi kuka-40. Zivikele manje.

Yini

Amaqanda, atholakala esinqeni, ayingxenye yesistimu yokuzala yowesifazane. I-ovary ngayinye icishe ilingane ne-alimondi. Ama-ovari akhiqiza ama-hormone abesifazane i-estrogen ne-progesterone. Bakhipha namaqanda. Iqanda lisuka esibelethweni lingena ngeshubhu le-fallopian liye esibelethweni (isibeletho). Lapho owesifazane enqamula ukuya esikhathini, ama-ovari akhe ayayeka ukukhulula amaqanda futhi enze amazinga aphansi kakhulu amahomoni.

Iningi lama-ovarian cancers ama-ovarian epithelial carcinomas (umdlavuza oqala emangqamuzaneni angaphezulu kwe-ovary) noma izimila zamangqamuzana amagciwane (umdlavuza oqala kumaseli amaqanda).

Umdlavuza we-Ovarian ungahlasela, uchithe, noma usabalalele kwezinye izitho:

• Isigaxa esibuhlungu se-ovarian singakhula futhi sihlasele izitho eziseduze nama-ovari, njengamashubhu we-fallopian kanye nesibeletho.
• Amaseli omdlavuza angaphuma (ahlukane) esimila esibelethweni esikhulu. Ukuchitheka esiswini kungase kuholele ekwakhekeni kwezimila ezintsha phezu kwezitho eziseduze nezicubu. Udokotela angabiza lezi zinhlamvu noma izinto ezifakiwe.
• Amaseli womdlavuza angasakazeka ngohlelo lwe-lymphatic kuya kuma-lymph node ethangeni, esiswini nasesifubeni. Amaseli womdlavuza nawo angasakazeka ngokuhamba kwegazi liye ezingalweni ezifana nesibindi namaphaphu.

Ubani osengozini?

Odokotela abakwazi ukuchaza njalo ukuthi kungani owesifazane eba nomdlavuza we-ovari kanti omunye engakwenzi. Kodwa-ke, siyazi ukuthi abesifazane abanezici ezithile zobungozi bangaba namathuba amaningi kunabanye ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza we-ovari:

• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza Abesifazane abanomama, indodakazi, noma udadewabo onomdlavuza wesibeletho banengozi eyengeziwe yalesi sifo. Futhi, abesifazane abanomlando womndeni womdlavuza webele, isibeletho, ikholoni, noma i-rectum nabo bangaba nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza we-ovari.
  
  Uma abesifazane abaningana emndenini benomdlavuza we-ovari noma webele, ikakhulukazi besebancane, lokhu kuthathwa njengomlando oqinile womndeni. Uma unomlando oqinile womndeni womdlavuza we-ovari noma webele, ungafisa ukukhuluma nomeluleki wezofuzo ngokuzihlolela wena nabesifazane emndenini wakho.
  
• Umlando womuntu siqu womdlavuza Abesifazane abake baba nomdlavuza webele, isibeletho, ikholoni, noma i-rectum basengozini enkulu yomdlavuza we-ovari.
  
• Ubudala Iningi labesifazane lineminyaka engaphezu kuka-55 lapho kutholakala ukuthi linomdlavuza wesibeletho.
  
• Ungalokothi ukhulelwe Abesifazane asebekhulile abangakaze bakhulelwe banengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wesibeletho.
  
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Menopausal hormone Ezinye izifundo ziphakamise ukuthi abesifazane abathatha i-estrogen bebodwa (ngaphandle kweprogesterone) iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu bangaba nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza we-ovari.

Ezinye izici ezingaba yingozi: ukuphuza imithi ethile yenzalo, ukusebenzisa impushana ye-talcum, noma ukukhuluphala. Okwamanje akukacaci ukuthi lezi ziyingozi ngempela yini, kodwa uma ziba yingozi, azizona izici eziqinile.

Izimpawu

Umdlavuza wokuqala wama-ovari kungenzeka ungabangeli izimpawu ezisobala-kuphela amaphesenti ayi-19 wamacala atholakala ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa, njengoba umdlavuza ukhula, izimpawu zingase zihlanganisa:

• Ingcindezi noma ubuhlungu esiswini, okhalweni, emuva, noma emilenzeni
• Isisu esivuvukele noma esikhukhumele
• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukugaya ukudla, igesi, ukuqunjelwa, noma isifo sohudo
• Ukukhathala

Izimpawu ezingavamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukuzwa isidingo sokuchama njalo
• Ukopha okungavamile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane (izikhathi ezinzima, noma ukopha ngemuva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini)

Ukuxilongwa

Uma unophawu olubonisa umdlavuza wesibeletho, udokotela wakho cishe uzophakamisa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba Lokhu ihlola izimpawu ezijwayelekile zempilo. Udokotela wakho angacindezela esiswini sakho ukubheka izicubu noma i-fluid engavamile (i-ascites). Isampula yoketshezi ingathathwa ukubheka amaseli omdlavuza wesibeletho.
  
• Ukuhlolwa kwepelvic Udokotela wakho uzizwa amaqanda kanye nezitho eziseduze zezigaxa noma olunye ushintsho ekubunjweni noma kusayizi wazo. Ngenkathi ukuhlolwa kwePap kuyingxenye yokuhlolwa okwejwayelekile kwezitho zangasese, akusetshenziselwa ukuthola umdlavuza we-ovari, kepha kunalokho njengendlela yokuthola umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.
  
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi Udokotela wakho angalawula ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izinga lezinto eziningana, kufaka phakathi i-CA-125, into etholakala ebusweni bamangqamuzana omdlavuza we-ovari nakwezinye izicubu ezijwayelekile. Izinga eliphakeme le-CA-125 kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza noma ezinye izimo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-CA-125 akusetshenziselwa ukuhlonza umdlavuza wesibeletho. Kuvunyelwe yi-Food and Drug Administration ukuqapha impendulo yowesifazane ekwelashweni komdlavuza we-ovari kanye nokuthola ukubuya kwayo ngemuva kokwelashwa.
  
• I-Ultrasound Amagagasi omsindo avela kudivayisi ye-ultrasound agxuma ezithweni ezingaphakathi kwe-pelvis ukuze akhe isithombe sekhompyutha esingase sibonise isimila sesibeletho. Ukuze ube nombono ongcono wama-ovari, le divayisi ingafakwa esithweni sangasese (i-transvaginal ultrasound).
  
• I-Biopsy I-biopsy ukususwa kwezicubu noma uketshezi ukubheka amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi ne-ultrasound, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuhlinzwa (i-laparotomy) ukususa izicubu noketshezi olutholakala okhalweni nasesiswini ukuze kutholakale umdlavuza we-ovari.

Nakuba abesifazane abaningi bene-laparotomy yokuxilongwa, abanye banenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-laparoscopy. Udokotela ufaka ishubhu elincanyana, elikhanyayo (i-laparoscope) ngembotshana encane esiswini. I-laparoscopy ingasetshenziselwa ukususa i-cyst encane, enobungozi noma umdlavuza wokuqala wama-ovari. Kungasetshenziswa futhi ukufunda ukuthi umdlavuza usakazekile yini.

Uma kutholakala amangqamuzana omdlavuza we-ovari, udokotela wezifo uchaza izinga lamaseli. Amabanga 1, 2, no-3 achaza ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza abukeka ngendlela engavamile kanjani. Amaseli womdlavuza weBanga 1 awanamathuba okukhula futhi asakazeke njengamaseli weBanga 3.

Isiteji

Udokotela wakho angalawula ukuhlolwa ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza usakazekile yini:

• Ukuskena kwe-CT dala izithombe zezitho nezicubu ku-pelvis noma esiswini: I-x-ray>umshini oxhunywe kwikhompyutha uthatha izithombe eziningi. Ungathola okuhlukile ngomlomo nangokujova engalweni noma esandleni sakho. Izinto zokuqhathanisa zisiza izitho noma izicubu ukuthi zivele ngokucacile.
  
  I-x-ray yesifuba ingabonisa izimila noma uketshezi
  
• I-Barium enema i-x-ray emathunjini aphansi. I-barium ichaza amathumbu kuma-x-ray. Izindawo ezivinjwe umdlavuza zingavela kuma-x-ray.
  
• I-Colonoscopy, lapho udokotela wakho ufaka ishubhu elide, elikhanyisiwe engxenyeni engunxande nakukholoni ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekile yini.

Lezi yizigaba zomdlavuza we-ovari:

• Isiteji I: Amangqamuzana omdlavuza atholakala esibelethweni esisodwa noma womabili ebusweni bamaqanda noma kuketshezi oluqoqwe esiswini.
• Isigaba II: Amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazeke esibelethweni esisodwa noma womabili aya kwezinye izicubu ezinqeni ezifana namathumbu noma isibeletho, futhi angatholakala kuketshezi oluqoqwe esiswini.
• Isigaba III: Amangqamuzana omdlavuza asabalale ezicutshini ezingaphandle kwe-pelvis noma kuma-lymph nodes esifunda. Amaseli womdlavuza angatholakala ngaphandle kwesibindi.
• Isigaba IV: Amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazekele ezicutshini ezingaphandle kwesisu kanye ne-pelvis futhi angase atholakale ngaphakathi kwesibindi, emaphashini, noma kwezinye izitho.

Ukwelashwa

Udokotela wakho angachaza ukukhetha kwakho kokwelashwa kanye nemiphumela elindelekile. Iningi labesifazane liyahlinzwa nelelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Akuvamile ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungathinta amangqamuzana omdlavuza ku-pelvis, esiswini, noma emzimbeni wonke:

• Ukwelashwa kwasendaweni Ukuhlinzwa nokwelashwa ngemisebe kuyizindlela zokwelapha zendawo. Basusa noma babhubhise umdlavuza wesibeletho esithangeni. Lapho umdlavuza wesibeletho ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ukwelapha kwendawo kungase kusetshenziswe ukulawula lesi sifo kulezo zindawo ezithile.
• I-Intraperitoneal chemotherapy Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunganikezwa ngokuqondile esiswini nasesinqeni ngeshubhu elincanyana. Izidakamizwa zibhubhisa noma zilawule umdlavuza esiswini nasesinqeni.
• I-chemotherapy yesistimu Lapho i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo noma ijovwe emithanjeni, izidakamizwa zingena egazini futhi zibhubhise noma zilawule umdlavuza kuwo wonke umzimba.

Wena nodokotela wakho ningasebenzisana ukwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa oluhlangabezana nezidingo zakho zezokwelapha nezakho.

Ngenxa yokuthi ukwelapha umdlavuza kuvame ukulimaza amaseli nezicubu ezinempilo, imiphumela engemihle ivamile. Imiphumela engemihle incike kakhulu ohlotsheni kanye nezinga lokwelashwa. Imiphumela engemihle ingase ingafani kowesifazane ngamunye, futhi ingase ishintshe kusukela esikhathini sokwelashwa kuye kwesinye. Ngaphambi kokuthi ukwelashwa kuqale, ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizochaza imiphumela engemihle engaba khona futhi liphakamise izindlela zokukusiza ukuthi uyilawule.

Ungahle uthande ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo, isifundo socwaningo ngezindlela ezintsha zokwelashwa. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyindlela ebalulekile kwabesifazane abanazo zonke izigaba zomdlavuza we-ovari.

Ukuhlinzwa

Udokotela ohlinzayo usika isikhathi eside odongeni lwesisu. Lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa lubizwa nge-laparotomy. Uma kutholakala umdlavuza we-ovari, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa:

• womabili amaqanda kanye namashubhu (i-salpingo-oophorectomy)
• isibeletho (hysterectomy)
• i-omentum (iphedi elincanyana, elinamafutha elivala amathumbu)
• ama-lymph nodes aseduze
• amasampula ezicubu zomzimba okhalweni nasesiswini

p>

Uma umdlavuza ususakazekile, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa umdlavuza omningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "debulking" ukuhlinzwa.

Uma unomdlavuza wokuqala we-ovarian weSiteji I, izinga lokuhlinzwa lingaxhomeka ekutheni ufuna ukukhulelwa futhi ube nezingane. Abanye besifazane abanomdlavuza wokuqala kakhulu we-ovarian banganquma nodokotela wabo ukuthi babe ne-ovary eyodwa kuphela, ishubhu elilodwa le-fallopian, kanye ne-omentum isuswe.

Ungahle ungakhululeki ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Imithi ingasiza ekulawuleni ubuhlungu bakho. Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, kufanele uxoxe ngohlelo lokudambisa izinhlungu nodokotela noma nonesi wakho. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho angakwazi ukulungisa uhlelo. Isikhathi esithathwa ukwelashwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa sihlukile kowesifazane ngamunye. Kungaba amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba ubuyele emisebenzini ejwayelekile.

Uma ungakayi esikhathini okwamanje, ukuhlinzwa kungase kubangele ukushisa, ukoma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kanye nokujuluka ebusuku. Lezi zimpawu zibangelwa ukulahlekelwa okungazelelwe kwamahomoni abesifazane. Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi ngezimpawu zakho ukuze nikwazi ukwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa ndawonye. Kunezinguquko zezidakamizwa nezindlela zokuphila ezingasiza, futhi izimpawu eziningi ziyaphela noma zinciphe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa imishanguzo yokulwa nomdlavuza ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Iningi labesifazane linekhemotherapy yomdlavuza we-ovari ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Abanye balashwa ngamakhemikhali ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Ngokuvamile, isidakamizwa esingaphezu kwesisodwa sinikezwa. Izidakamizwa zomdlavuza we-ovarian zingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene:

• Ngomthambo (IV): Izidakamizwa zinganikezwa ngeshubhu encane efakwe emthanjeni.
• Ngomthambo futhi ngqo esiswini: Abanye besifazane bathola i-IV chemotherapy kanye ne-intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy. Nge-IP chemotherapy, izidakamizwa zinikezwa ngeshubhu elincanyana elifakwe esiswini.
• Ngomlomo: Eminye imithi yomdlavuza wesibeletho inganikezwa ngomlomo.

I-Chemotherapy inikezwa ngemijikelezo. Isikhathi ngasinye sokwelashwa silandelwa isikhathi sokuphumula. Ubude besikhathi sokuphumula nenombolo yemijikelezo incike emithini esetshenzisiwe. Ungathola ukwelashwa kwakho emtholampilo, ehhovisi likadokotela, noma ekhaya. Abanye besifazane kungase kudingeke bahlale esibhedlela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali incike kakhulu ekutheni imiphi imithi enikezwayo nokuthi yimalini. Izidakamizwa zingalimaza amaseli ajwayelekile ahlukana ngokushesha:

• Amaseli egazi: La mangqamuzana alwa nezifo, asiza igazi ukuthi lijiye, futhi ahambise umoya-mpilo kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Lapho izidakamizwa zithinta amangqamuzana akho egazi, maningi amathuba okuthi uthole izifo, ukulimazeka noma ukopha kalula, futhi uzizwe ubuthakathaka kakhulu futhi ukhathele. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo likuhlolela amazinga aphansi amaseli egazi. Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa amazinga aphansi, iqembu lakho lingaphakamisa imithi engasiza umzimba wakho ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi amasha.
• Amaseli ezimpandeni zezinwele: Ezinye izidakamizwa zingadala ukulahleka kwezinwele. Izinwele zakho zizokhula zibuyele emuva, kepha zingahluka ngandlela thile ngombala nokuthungwa.
• Amaseli agudle umgudu wokugaya ukudla: Ezinye izidakamizwa zingadala ukungathandi ukudla, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, isifo sohudo, noma izilonda zomlomo nezomlomo. Buza ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngemithi esiza ukuqeda lezi zinkinga.

Ezinye izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wesibeletho zingabangela ukungezwa, ukulimala kwezinso, ubuhlungu bamalunga, nokuluma noma ukuba ndikindiki ezandleni noma ezinyaweni. Iningi lalemiphumela emibi livame ukuphela ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

I-radiation therapy (ebuye ibizwe nge-radiotherapy) isebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Umshini omkhulu uqondisa imisebe emzimbeni.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuyaqabukela kusetshenziswe ekwelashweni kokuqala komdlavuza we-ovari, kepha kungasetshenziselwa ukudambisa izinhlungu nezinye izinkinga ezibangelwa yilesi sifo. Ukwelashwa kunikezwa esibhedlela noma emtholampilo. Umuthi ngamunye uthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela.

Imiphumela engemihle incike kakhulu enanini lemisebe enikeziwe kanye nengxenye yomzimba wakho eselashwayo. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe esiswini sakho nasezinqeni kungase kubangele isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, noma indle enegazi. Futhi, isikhumba sakho endaweni elashwa singase sibe bomvu, somile futhi sibe nethenda. Yize imiphumela emibi ingakhathaza, udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuyelapha noma ukuyilawula, futhi iyahamba kancane ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa.

Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo

Umdlavuza we-Ovarian nokwelashwa kwawo kungaholela kwezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ungathola ukunakekelwa okusekelayo ukuvimbela noma ukulawula lezi zinkinga nokwenza ngcono ukunethezeka nezinga lempilo yakho.

Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lingakusiza kulezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu Udokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe ekulawuleni ubuhlungu angaphakamisa izindlela zokudambisa noma zokunciphisa ubuhlungu.
• Isisu esivuvukele (kusukela ekunqwabeleni koketshezi okungavamile okubizwa ngokuthi ama-ascites) Ukuvuvukala kungase kungakhululeki. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lingasusa uketshezi noma nini lapho lakha khona.
• Amathumbu avinjiwe Umdlavuza ungavimba amathumbu. Udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuvula ukuvinjelwa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Imilenze evuvukile (kusuka kwi-lymphedema) Imilenze evuvukele ingangakhululeki futhi kube nzima ukugoba. Ungathola ukuzivocavoca, ukubhucungwa, noma amabhandeshi wokucindezela kusiza. Abahlinzeki bomzimba abaqeqeshelwe ukuphatha i-lymphedema nabo bangasiza.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya Umdlavuza osezingeni eliphezulu ungadala ukuthi uketshezi luqoqane luzungeze amaphaphu, kwenze kube nzima ukuphefumula. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lingalususa uketshezi noma nini lapho lunqwabelana.

> Ukudla okunomsoco nokusebenza komzimba

Kubalulekile ukuthi abesifazane abanomdlavuza we-ovari bazinakekele. Ukuzinakekela kuhlanganisa ukudla kahle nokuhlala umatasa ngangokunokwenzeka. Udinga inani elifanele lamakholori ukuze ugcine isisindo esihle. Udinga amaprotheni anele ukugcina amandla akho. Ukudla kahle kungakusiza uzizwe ungcono futhi ube namandla amaningi.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi phakathi noma ngokushesha ngemva kokwelashwa, ungase ungakuthandi ukudla. Ungahle ungakhululeki noma ukhathele. Ungathola ukuthi ukudla akusanambitheki njengakuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa (njengokulangazelela ukudla, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza noma izilonda emlonyeni) kungenza kube nzima ukudla kahle. Udokotela wakho, isazi sezokudla esibhalisiwe, noma omunye umhlinzeki wezempilo angaphakamisa izindlela zokubhekana nalezi zinkinga.

Abesifazane abaningi bathola ukuthi bazizwa bengcono lapho behlala bekhuthele. Ukuhamba ngezinyawo, i-yoga, ukubhukuda, neminye imisebenzi kungakugcina uqinile futhi kwandise amandla akho. Noma ngabe yimuphi umsebenzi owukhethayo, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala. Futhi, uma umsebenzi wakho ukubangela ubuhlungu noma ezinye izinkinga, qiniseka ukuthi wazisa udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi wakho.

Ukunakekelwa kokulandelela

Uzodinga ukuhlolwa njalo ngemva kokwelashwa komdlavuza wesibeletho. Ngisho noma zingasekho izimpawu zomdlavuza, lesi sifo kwesinye isikhathi siyabuya ngoba amangqamuzana omdlavuza angatholakali ahlala ndawana thize emzimbeni wakho ngemva kokwelashwa.

Ukuhlolwa kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izinguquko empilweni yakho ziyaphawulwa futhi zelashwe uma kudingeka. Ukuhlola kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic, ukuhlolwa kwe-CA-125, okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi, nokuhlolwa kwezithombe.

Uma unezinkinga zempilo phakathi kokuhlolwa, xhumana nodokotela wakho.

Ucwaningo

Odokotela ezweni lonke baqhuba izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo (izifundo zocwaningo lapho abantu bevolontiya ukubamba iqhaza). Bafunda izindlela ezintsha nezingcono zokuvikela, ukuhlonza, kanye nokwelapha umdlavuza wesibeletho.

Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zenzelwe ukuphendula imibuzo ebalulekile kanye nokuthola ukuthi izindlela ezintsha ziphephile futhi ziyasebenza yini. Ucwaningo seluvele luholele entuthukweni, futhi abacwaningi basaqhubeka nokufuna izindlela eziphumelela kakhudlwana. Nakuba izivivinyo zomtholampilo zingase zibe ubungozi obuthile, abacwaningi benza konke abangakwenza ukuze bavikele iziguli zabo.

Phakathi kocwaningo olwenziwe:

• Izifundo zokuvikela: Kwabesifazane abanomlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza wesibeletho, ingozi yokuthuthukisa lesi sifo ingancishiswa ngokususa ama-ovari ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza utholwe. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kubizwa ngokuthi yi-prophylactic oophorectomy. Abesifazane abasengozini enkulu yomdlavuza we-ovari babamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zokutadisha izinzuzo nokulimala kwalokhu kuhlinzwa. Abanye odokotela bafunda ukuthi ngabe imishanguzo ethile ingasiza yini ekuvikeleni umdlavuza wama-ovari kwabesifazane abasengozini enkulu.
• Izifundo zokuhlola: Abacwaningi bacwaninga izindlela zokuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho kwabesifazane abangenazo izimpawu.
• Izifundo zokwelashwa: Odokotela bahlola izidakamizwa ezintsha kanye nezinhlanganisela ezintsha. Bafunda izindlela zokwelapha zebhayoloji, ezinjenge-monoclonal antibodies ezingabopha amaseli womdlavuza, okuphazamisa ukukhula komdlavuza wamangqamuzana nokusabalala komdlavuza.

Uma ungathanda ukuba yingxenye yokuhlolwa komtholampilo, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma vakashela ku-http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials. Ochwepheshe Bolwazi be-NCI ku-1-800-4-CANCER noma ku-LiveHelp ku-http://www.cancer.gov/help bangaphendula imibuzo futhi banikeze ulwazi mayelana nezivivinyo zomtholampilo futhi.

Ukuvimbela

Nazi izindlela ezintathu ezilula zokuzivikela kumdlavuza we-ovari:

1. Yidla izithelo nemifino eningi. Izaqathe notamatisi zigcwele ama-antioxidants alwa nomdlavuza i-carotene ne-lycopene, futhi ukuzidla njalo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bomdlavuza we-ovari ngamaphesenti angama-50. Leso bekuyisiphetho sesibhedlela iBrigham neWomen Hospital, eBoston, siqhathanisa abesifazane abangama-563 ababenomdlavuza we-ovari nabangu-523 ababengenawo.

Abaphenyi basikisela ukuthi kuhloswe ukunikezwa izinkomishi ezimbili zetamatisi usoso (umthombo we-lycopene ogxile kakhulu) noma eminye imikhiqizo katamatisi kanye noqathe abahlanu abaluhlaza masonto onke. Okunye ukudla okunothe nge-antioxidant okuxhunywe ocwaningweni nobungozi obuncane be-ovarian-cancer yisipinashi, i-yam, i-cantaloupe, ummbila, i-broccoli namawolintshi. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo lwakamuva oluvela e-Harvard School of Public Health luphakamisa ukuthi i-kaempferol, i-antioxidant ku-broccoli, i-kale, ama-strawberries kanye ne-grapefruit, inganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-ovarian ngamaphesenti angu-40.

2. Zihlikihle kusofa. Abesifazane abachitha amahora ayisithupha ngosuku noma ngaphezulu behleli ngesikhathi sokuzilibazisa bangase babe sethubeni elingaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 lokuba nalesi sifo kunalabo asebekhuthele kakhulu, kubika ucwaningo lweNational Cancer Institute.

3. Cabanga ukuvela iphilisi. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-hormone progestin, etholakala emithini eminingi yokuvimbela inzalo, inganciphisa ingozi ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-50 lapho iphuzwa iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu.

Kuthathwe eNational Cancer Institute (www.cancer.org)

Buyekeza kwe-