I-Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT)

-Delile

• Ziyini izimbangela zePAT?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wePAT?
• Ziyini izimpawu zePAT?
• Ixilongwa kanjani i-PAT?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ze-PAT?
• Imithi
• Izindlela zokuphila
• Ukukhishwa kwepayipi
• Yiziphi izinkinga ezihambisana ne-PAT?
• Ngingayivimbela kanjani i-PAT?
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Kuyini i-paroxysmal atrial tachycardia?

I-paroxysmal atrial tachycardia uhlobo lwe-arrhythmia, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. I-Paroxysmal isho ukuthi isiqephu se-arrhythmia siqala futhi siphele ngokungazelelwe. I-Atrial isho ukuthi i-arrhythmia iqala emagumbini aphezulu enhliziyo (atria). I-Tachycardia isho ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya ngamandla ngokungavamile. I-paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) yaziwa nangokuthi i-paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT).

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-tachycardia eziqala e-atria zifaka:

• i-fibrillation ye-atrial
• i-atrial flutter
• Isifo se-Wolff-Parkinson-White

I-PAT ingadala ukuthi ukushaya kwenhliziyo komuntu omdala kukhuphuke kusuka phakathi kwama-60 no-100 beats ngomzuzu (bpm) kuya phakathi kuka-130 no-230 bpm. Izinsana nezingane zivame ukuba nezinga eliphezulu lenhliziyo kunabantu abadala - phakathi kuka-100 no-130 bpm. Lapho usana noma ingane ine-PAT, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yabo lizoba likhulu kune-220 bpm. I-PAT iyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-tachycardia ezinganeni nasezinganeni.

Ezimweni eziningi lesi simo asisongeli impilo, kodwa singase singakhululeki. Ezimweni ezingavamile, abanye abantu abane-Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome bangakhula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elisheshayo elisongela impilo.

Ziyini izimbangela zePAT?

I-PAT yenzeka lapho amasiginali kagesi aqala emlilweni we-atria wenhliziyo ngokungafanele. Lokhu kuthinta amasiginali kagesi adluliswa evela kunodi ye-sinoatrial, eyi-pacemaker yemvelo yenhliziyo yakho. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kuzoshesha. Lokhu kuvimbela inhliziyo yakho ekutholeni isikhathi esanele sokugcwalisa igazi ngaphambi kokumpompa igazi liye kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba wakho kungenzeka ungatholi igazi elanele noma i-oxygen.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wePAT?

Abesifazane basengozini enkulu ye-PAT kunabesilisa. Impilo yakho engokomzwelo ingaphazamisa ingozi ye-PAT.

Uma ukhathele emzimbeni noma unenkinga usengozini enkulu yalesi simo. Ingozi yakho ye-PAT nayo iyakhuphuka uma uphuza ngokweqile i-caffeine noma uphuza utshwala nsuku zonke.

Ukuba nezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo ezifana nomlando wokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo se-mitral valve kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho. Izingane ezinesifo senhliziyo esizalwe naso zisengozini enkulu yePAT.

Ziyini izimpawu zePAT?

Abanye abantu abazitholi izimpawu ze-PAT, kanti abanye bangaqaphela:

• ubumhlophe
• isiyezi
• ukushaya ngamandla, noma ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo
• i-angina, noma izinhlungu esifubeni
• ukuphefumula

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-PAT ingadala:

• ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo
• ukuquleka

Ixilongwa kanjani i-PAT?

Udokotela wakho angancoma i-electrocardiogram (ECG) ukusiza ukuxilonga i-PAT. I-ECG ilinganisa umsebenzi kagesi enhliziyweni yakho. Udokotela wakho uzokucela ukuthi ulale phansi bese unamathisela amanye ama-electrode esifubeni sakho, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Uzodinga ukuhlala unganyakazi futhi ubambe umoya wakho imizuzwana embalwa. Kubalulekile ukuhlala uthule futhi ukhululekile. Ngisho nokunyakaza okuncane kungathinta imiphumela.

Ama-electrode asesifubeni sakho, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni anamathisela ezintanjeni ezithumela umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yakho emshinini oziphrinta njengochungechunge lwemigqa yama-wavy. Udokotela wakho uzohlola le datha ukuthola ukuthi ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kuphakeme kunokujwayelekile noma kunesigqi esingajwayelekile.

Ungase futhi uvivinywe ngenkathi wenza ukuzivocavoca okulula ukukala izinguquko enhliziyweni yakho ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Udokotela wakho angafuna nokuhlola umfutho wegazi lakho.

Kungaba nzima ukubamba isiqephu sakho se-PAT, ngakho-ke udokotela wakho angafuna nokuthi ugqoke i-Holter monitor. Udokotela wakho uzofaka ama-electrode amabili noma amathathu esifubeni sakho, njenge-ECG. Uzogqoka le divayisi amahora angama-24 kuye kwangama-48 (noma ngaphezulu) ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi yakho ejwayelekile yansuku zonke, bese uyibuyisela kudokotela. Idivayisi izorekhoda noma yikuphi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo okwenzeka ngenkathi uyigqokile.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ze-PAT?

Abantu abaningi abane-PAT abadingi ukwelashwa ngesimo sabo. Udokotela wakho angancoma ukwelashwa noma imishanguzo uma iziqephu zakho zenzeka kaningi noma zihlala isikhathi eside.

Ukuqondisa kweVagal kwehlisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho ngokuvuselela imizwa yakho ye-vagus. Udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukusebenzisa okunye kwalokhu kulawula kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngesikhathi sesiqephu se-PAT:

• i-carotid sinus massage, noma ukufaka ingcindezi emnene entanyeni yakho lapho amagatsha akho e-carotid artery
• ukufaka ingcindezi emnene kumajwabu amehlo avaliwe
• i-valsalva maneuver, noma ucindezele amakhala akho ndawonye ngenkathi ukhipha umoya ngamakhala akho
• dive reflex, noma ucwilisa ubuso noma umzimba wakho emanzini apholile

Imithi

Uma uvame ukuhlangabezana neziqephu ze-PAT kanye nemigwaqo echazwe ngenhla ayibuyisi isilinganiso senhliziyo yakho esijwayelekile, udokotela wakho angakunikeza umuthi. Le mithi ingafaka i-flecainide (Tambocor) noma i-propafenone (i-Rythmol). Atholakala ngezindlela ezimbalwa. Udokotela wakho angakunika umjovo ehhovisi labo noma iphilisi ongaliphuza ngesikhathi sesiqephu se-PAT.

Izindlela zokuphila

Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi unciphise ukudla i-caffeine notshwala, futhi uyeke noma unciphise ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi. Bazofuna nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuphumula okuningi.

Ukukhishwa kwepayipi

Ezimweni ezingavamile nezedlulele, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukukhishwa kwe-catheter. Le yinqubo engenziwanga okususa izicubu endaweni yenhliziyo edala ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo.

Ngesikhathi senqubo, udokotela wakho uzobeka ipayipi le-catheter ngokumelene nendawo ye-trigger. Bazothumela amandla amaza omsakazo nge-catheter ukukhiqiza ukushisa okwanele ukuqeda indawo enembile.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezihambisana ne-PAT?

Izinkinga ze-PAT ziyahlukahluka ngesilinganiso nobude bokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo okungavamile. Izinkinga ziyahlukahluka futhi kuye ngokuthi unesimo senhliziyo esingaphansi yini.

Abanye abantu abane-PAT bangaba sengozini yamahlule egazi angaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi. Kulezo zimo, odokotela bavame ukubeka imishanguzo efana ne-dabigatran (Pradaxa) noma i-warfarin (i-Coumadin). Le mithi inciphisa igazi futhi yehlisa ubungozi bamahlule egazi. Ezimweni ezingavamile, izinkinga zingabandakanya ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ye-congestive kanye ne-cardiomyopathy.

Ngingayivimbela kanjani i-PAT?

Indlela engcono yokuvimbela i-PAT ukugwema ukubhema, nokunciphisa ukuphuza utshwala neziphuzo ezine-caffeine. Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo nokuphumula okuningi kuyalulekwa futhi.Ukugcina ukudla okunempilo nendlela ophila ngayo nokugcina isisindo sakho kuhla olunempilo nakho kunganciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bePAT.

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

I-PAT ayisona isimo esisongela impilo. Isikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo esisheshayo asikhululekile kunokuba siyingozi. Umbono womuntu one-PAT ngokuvamile muhle.