Khomba Abafundi

-Delile

• Ziyini izimbangela ezivamile zokukhomba abafundi?
• Izimpawu ezihambisana nokukhomba kwabafundi
• Ukwelashwa
• Kufanele ufune nini usizo?
• Yini ongayilindela ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa
• Umbono

Yini ukukhomba abafundi?

Abafundi abancane ngokungajwayelekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokukhanyisa babizwa ngokuthi bakhomba abafundi. Elinye igama layo yi-myosis, noma i-miosis.

Umfundi uyingxenye yeso lakho elawula ukuthi ukukhanya kungena kangakanani.

Ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, abafundi bakho bancipha (kunciphise) ukukhawulela inani lokukhanya elingena. Ebumnyameni, abafundi bakho bayakhula (bavuleke). Lokho kuvumela ukukhanya okwengeziwe, okuthuthukisa ukubona ebusuku. Yingakho kunesikhathi sokulungisa lapho ungena egumbini elimnyama. Futhi yisizathu sokuthi amehlo akho abe nokuzwela kancane ngemuva kokuthi udokotela wamehlo wakho ewanamathisele ngosuku olukhanyayo.

Ukuxinana kwabafundi nokuhluzwa yizimo zokuzikhethela ezingazibandakanyi. Lapho udokotela ekukhanyisela ukukhanya emehlweni akho ngemuva kokulimala noma ukugula, ukubona ukuthi abafundi bakho basabela ngokujwayelekile ekukhanyeni.

Ngaphandle kokukhanyisa, abafundi bangashintsha usayizi ekuphenduleni kwezinye izinto. Isibonelo, abafundi bakho bangakhula uma ujabulile noma usexwayisweni ophakeme. Ezinye izidakamizwa zingenza abafundi bakho bakhule, kuyilapho ezinye zibenza zibe zincane.

Kubantu abadala, abafundi bavame ukukala phakathi kokukhanya okukhanyayo. Ebumnyameni, zivame ukukala phakathi kwamamilimitha amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili.

Ziyini izimbangela ezivamile zokukhomba abafundi?

Esinye sezizathu okungenzeka ukuthi umuntu angakhomba ngazo abafundi ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yobuhlungu be-narcotic nezinye izidakamizwa emndenini we-opioid, njenge:

• ikhodi
• fentanyl
• i-hydrocodone
• i-oxycodone
• morphine
• imethadone
• iqhawekazi

Ezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona zokukhomba abafundi zifaka:

• Ukopha okuvela emthanjeni wegazi ebuchosheni (ukopha okungaphakathi emzimbeni): Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongalawuleki (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu salokhu.
• I-Horner syndrome (i-Horner-Bernard syndrome noma i-oculosympathetic palsy): Leli yiqembu lezimpawu ezibangelwa inkinga endleleni yezinzwa phakathi kobuchopho nohlangothi olulodwa lobuso. Ukushaywa unhlangothi, isimila noma ukulimala komgogodla kungaholela ku-Horner syndrome. Kwesinye isikhathi imbangela ayikwazi ukunqunywa.
• I-Anterior uveitis, noma ukuvuvukala kongqimba oluphakathi kweso: Lokhu kungahle kube ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka esweni noma ukutholakala kwento engaziwa esweni. Ezinye izimbangela zibandakanya i-rheumatoid arthritis, mumps, ne-rubella. Imvamisa, imbangela ayikwazi ukunqunywa.
• Ukuvezwa kwamakhemikhali ezinzwa zamakhemikhali njenge-sarin, i-soman, i-tabun, ne-VX: Lezi akuzona izinto ezenzeka ngokwemvelo. Zenzelwe impi yamakhemikhali. Ama-insecticide nawo angadala ukukhomba abafundi.
• Amaconsi athile wamehlo kadokotela, njenge-pilocarpine, i-carbachol, i-echothiophate, i-demecarium, ne-epinephrine, nawo angadala ukukhomba abafundi.

Izimbangela ezingavamile kakhulu zifaka:

• imishanguzo ethile, efana ne-clonidine yengcindezi yegazi, i-lomotil yohudo, nama-phenothiazines ezimweni ezithile zengqondo njenge-schizophrenia
• izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni njengamakhowe
• i-neurosyphilis
• ubuthongo obukhulu

Izimpawu ezihambisana nokukhomba kwabafundi

Ukukhomba abafundi uphawu, hhayi isifo. Izimpawu ezihambisana nazo zinganikeza umkhondo wokuthi yini ebangela inkinga.

Uma uthatha ama-opioid, ungahle uzwe:

• ubuthongo
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• ukudideka noma ukungaqapheli
• i-delirium
• ukuphefumula kanzima

Izimpawu zizoya ngokuthi ungakanani umuthi owuthathayo nokuthi uwuthatha kangaki. Esikhathini eside, ukusetshenziswa kwe-opioid kunganciphisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu. Izimpawu zokuthi ungaba umlutha wama-opioid zifaka:

• ukufisa okukhulu komuthi owengeziwe
• ukudinga umthamo omkhulu ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo
• inkathazo ekhaya, emsebenzini, noma izinkinga zezezimali ngenxa yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa

Ukopha ngaphakathi kwe-Intracerebral kungadala ikhanda elibi kakhulu, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza, futhi kungalandelwa ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Uma abafundi bakho bokukhomba babangelwa yi-Horner syndrome, ungahle ube nejwabu leso elinciphayo futhi wehlise ukujuluka kolunye uhlangothi lobuso bakho. Izingane ezine-Horner syndrome zingaba ne-iris eyodwa ekhanyayo ngombala kunezinye.

Izimpawu ezingeziwe ze-anterior uveitis zifaka phakathi ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, ukungaboni kahle, nokuzwela okukhanyayo.

Ama-nerve agents nawo angadala ukudwengula, ukuhlanza, ukuquleka, ne-coma.

Ubuthi bezibulala-zinambuzane budala amathe, ukudwengula, ukuchama ngokweqile, ukuzikhulula, nokuhlanza.

Ukwelashwa

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondene ngqo nokukhomba abafundi ngoba akusona isifo. Noma kunjalo, kungaba uphawu lwento eyodwa. Ukuxilongwa kuzoqondisa izinketho zakho zokwelashwa.

Uma kwenzeka ukweqisa ngokweqile kwe-opioid, abasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo bangasebenzisa umuthi obizwa nge-naloxone ukuguqula imiphumela esongela impilo yama-opioid. Uma ungumlutha, udokotela wakho angakusiza ume ngokuphepha.

Kwezinye izimo, ukopha ngaphakathi kwe-intracerebral kungadinga ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa kuzobandakanya nezindlela zokugcina umfutho wegazi lakho ulawulwa.

Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-Horner syndrome. Kungaba ngcono uma imbangela inganqunywa futhi yelashwe.

Ama-Corticosteroids namanye amafutha okugcoba ayizindlela zokwelapha ezijwayelekile ze-anterior uveitis. Izinyathelo ezingeziwe zingadingeka uma imbangela inqunywa ukuthi iyisifo esiyimbangela.

Ubuthi bezibulala-zinambuzane bungelashwa ngomuthi obizwa nge-pralidoxime (2-PAM).

Kufanele ufune nini usizo?

Uma ukhombe abafundi ngezizathu ezingaziwa, bheka udokotela wamehlo noma udokotela ojwayelekile. Yindlela kuphela ozothola ngayo ukuxilongwa okufanele.

Ukudlula ngokweqile kwe-opioid kungabulala. Lezi zimpawu, ezingakhombisa ukweqisa ngokweqile, zidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo:

• ubuso buphaphathekile noma bumbumbulu
• izinzipho zinombala onsomi noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• umzimba uyaxhuga
• ukuhlanza noma ukugaya
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okwehlisiwe
• ukuphefumula kancane noma ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi

Yini ongayilindela ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa

Ukuthi udokotela wakho eza kanjani ekuxilongweni kuzoya ngesithombe esikhulu. Izimpawu nezimpawu ezihambisana nazo kuzodingeka ukuthi zibhekwe futhi kuzoholela ekuhlolweni kokuxilongwa.

Uma uvakashela udokotela wamehlo ngoba abafundi bakho bengabonakali bejwayelekile, cishe uzothola ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwamehlo. Lokho kuzofaka ukunwebeka komfundi ukuze udokotela akwazi ukubona ngaphakathi iso lakho.

Uma uvakashela udokotela wakho, okunye ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa kungafaka:

• i-magnetic resonance imaging (i-MRI)
• i-computer ene-tomography (CT)
• Ama-X-ray
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• ukuhlolwa komchamo
• ukuhlolwa kwe-toxicology

Umbono

Umbono uncike embangela nasekwelashweni.

Okweqile kwe-opioid, ukuthi ululama kahle kangakanani nokuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani kuncike ku:

• ngabe uyekile ukuphefumula noma cha nokuthi ubunesikhathi esingakanani ungenayo i-oxygen
• uma ama-opioid ayexutshwe nezinye izinto nokuthi zazinjani lezo zinto
• ngabe ukulondolozile noma cha ukulimala okubangela ukulimala unomphela kwezinzwa noma zokuphefumula
• uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha
• uma uqhubeka uthatha ama-opioid

Uma ngabe uke waba nenkinga ngokuhlukunyezwa kwe-opioid noma okunye ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, yenza odokotela bakho bazi ngalokhu lapho udinga ukwelashwa, ikakhulukazi izinhlungu. Umlutha uyinkinga enkulu edinga ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside.

Ukubuyiselwa esimweni sokuchithwa kwegazi ngaphakathi kwe-intracerebral kuyahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Okuningi kuncike ekutheni uthole ukwelashwa masinyane kangakanani nokuthi uyakwazi kanjani ukulawula umfutho wegazi lakho.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-uveitis yangaphakathi ingalimaza unomphela amehlo akho. Uma kungenxa yokugula okuyisisekelo, i-anterior uveitis ingaba yinkinga ephindaphindayo. Abantu abaningi basabela kahle ekwelashweni.

Ubuthi bezibulala-zinambuzane bungaba yingozi uma bungelashwa kahle. Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma umuntu omaziyo ufakwe umuthi wokubulala izinambuzane, kubalulekile ukuthi ufune usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze.