Ukwehluleka Kweplacental

-Delile

• Imisebenzi ebalulekile ye-placenta
• Izimbangela zokunganele
• Izimpawu
• Izinkinga
• Umama
• Ingane
• Ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa
• Umbono

Ukubuka konke

I-placenta isitho esikhula esibelethweni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukwehluleka kweplacental (okubizwa nangokuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-placental noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi ye-uteroplacental) kuyinto engavamile kepha eyinkinga enkulu yokukhulelwa. Kwenzeka lapho i-placenta ingakhuli kahle, noma ilimele. Le nkinga yokugeleza kwegazi iphawulwa ngokuncishiswa kwegazi likamama. Inkinga ingenzeka futhi lapho ukunikezwa kwegazi kukamama kungakhuphuki ngokwanele maphakathi nokukhulelwa.

Lapho i-placenta ingasebenzi kahle, ayikwazi ukunikeza ingane oksijini nezakhi ezanele ezivela egazini likanina. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kusekelwa okubalulekile, umntwana akakwazi ukukhula nokukhula. Lokhu kungaholela kusisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nezinkinga zokuzalwa. Iphinde ibe nezingozi ezengeziwe zezinkinga kumama. Ukuthola le nkinga kusenesikhathi kubalulekile empilweni yomama nengane.

Imisebenzi ebalulekile ye-placenta

I-placenta isitho sebhayoloji esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Iyakheka futhi ikhule lapho iqanda elikhulelwe linamathela khona odongeni lwesibeletho.

Intambo yenkaba ikhula isuke ku-placenta iye enkabeni yengane. Ivumela igazi ukuba ligobhoze lisuka kumama liye enganeni, futhi libuye futhi. Igazi likamama negazi lengane liyahlungwa nge-placenta, kodwa akuhlangani nhlobo.

Imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-placenta yile:

• hambisa umoya-mpilo egazini lengane
• susa isikhutha
• dlulisela izakhi enganeni
• dlulisa imfucuza ezolahlwa ngumzimba womama

I-placenta inendima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone futhi. Iphinde ivikele umbungu kumagciwane ayingozi nasezifweni.

I-placenta enempilo iyaqhubeka nokukhula phakathi nesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-American Pregnancy Association ilinganisela ukuthi i-placenta inesisindo esingu-1 kuya ku-2 amakhilogremu ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

I-placenta iyasuswa ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ngokusho kweMayo Clinic, ihanjiswa phakathi kwemizuzu emi-5 nengama-30 ngemuva kwengane.

Izimbangela zokunganele

Ukwehluleka kweplacental kuxhumene nezinkinga zokugeleza kwegazi. Ngenkathi igazi likamama kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi kungakudala, imithi kanye nemikhuba yokuphila nayo iyizimbangela ezingaba khona.

Izimo ezivame kakhulu ukuxhunyaniswa nokuntuleka kweplacenta yilezi:

• isifo sikashukela
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme)
• ukuphazamiseka kwegazi
• i-anemia
• imithi ethile (ikakhulukazi izinciphisi zegazi)
• ukubhema
• ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa (ikakhulukazi i-cocaine, i-heroin, ne-methamphetamine)

Ukwehluleka kweplacental kungenzeka futhi uma i-placenta inganamatheli kahle odongeni lwesibeletho, noma uma i-placenta isuka kuyo (ukuphazamiseka kweplacenta).

Izimpawu

Azikho izimpawu zomama ezihambisana nokunganele kweplasenta. Kodwa-ke, izinkomba ezithile zingaholela ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi. Umama angaqaphela ukuthi usayizi wesibeletho sakhe mncane kunasekukhulelweni kwangaphambilini. Umbungu nawo kungenzeka ukuthi uhamba kancane kunokulindelekile.

Uma ingane ingakhuli kahle, isisu sikamama sizoba sincane, futhi ukunyakaza kwengane ngeke kuzwakale kakhulu.

Ukwehla kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma ukuphambana kwangaphambi komsebenzi kungahle kwenzeke ngokuqhamuka kweplacenta.

Izinkinga

Umama

Ukwehluleka kweplacental akuvame ukubhekwa njengokubeka impilo kumama engcupheni. Kodwa-ke, ingozi iba nkulu uma umama ene-hypertension noma isifo sikashukela.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umama kungenzeka ukuthi azwe:

• i-preeclampsia (umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokungasebenzi komzimba)
• Ukuphazamiseka kweplacenta (i-placenta isuka odongeni lwesibeletho)
• ukusebenza ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokubeletha

Izimpawu ze-preeclampsia ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukuvuvukala kwemilenze nezandla (i-edema), ikhanda elibuhlungu, nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Ingane

Ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa ukuthi ukungabi namakhono okwanele kwenzeka, izinkinga zingaba nzima kakhulu enganeni. Izingozi zengane zifaka:

• ubungozi obukhulu bokuncishwa komoya-mpilo lapho kuzalwa (kungadala ukukhubazeka kobuchopho nezinye izinkinga)
• ukukhubazeka ekufundeni
• izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphansi (hypothermia)
• ushukela wegazi ophansi (hypoglycemia)
• i-calcium egazini elincane kakhulu (i-hypocalcemia)
• amaseli abomvu ngokweqile (i-polycythemia)
• ukusebenza ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• ukulethwa ngokuhlinzwa
• ukuzala ingane ishonile
• ukufa

Ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa

Ukuthola ukunakekelwa okufanele ngaphambi kokubeletha kungaholela ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kungathuthukisa imiphumela kumama nasenganeni.

Izivivinyo ezingathola ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-placental zifaka:

• ukukhulelwa kwe-ultrasound ukukala ubukhulu be-placenta
• i-ultrasound ukuqapha ubukhulu bombungu
• amazinga e-alpha-fetoprotein egazini likamama (iphrotheni elenziwe esibindini somntwana)
• ukuhlolwa kwe-fetal nonstress (kufaka ukugqokwa kwamabhande amabili esiswini sikamama futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukubhuza okuncane ukuvusa ingane) ukukala ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwengane nokuncipha

Ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme komama noma isifo sikashukela kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukukhula kwengane.

Uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe lungancoma:

• imfundo nge-preeclampsia, kanye nokuzihlola ngokwakho isifo
• ukuvakashelwa kaningi odokotela
• ukuphumula kombhede ukonga uphethiloli namandla engane
• ukubonisana nongoti womntwana osengozini enkulu

Ungadinga ukugcina irekhodi lansuku zonke lokuthi ingane ihamba nini noma ikhahlela.

Uma kunokukhathazeka ngokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (amasonto angama-32 noma ngaphambili), umama angathola imijovo ye-steroid. Ama-steroid ancibilika nge-placenta futhi aqinise amaphaphu engane.

Ungadinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwabagulayo noma abagulayo uma i-preeclampsia noma ukuvinjelwa kokukhula kwe-intrauterine (IUGR) kuba nzima.

Umbono

Ukuntuleka kweplacental akukwazi ukwelashwa, kepha kungalawulwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokunakekelwa okwanele ngaphambi kokubeletha. Lokhu kungathuthukisa amathuba engane okukhula okujwayelekile futhi kunciphise ubungozi bezinkinga zokuzalwa. Ngokusho kwesibhedlela iMount Sinai, ukubuka okuhle kakhulu kwenzeka lapho isimo sibanjwa phakathi kwamasonto awu-12 kuya kwangama-20.