Inyumoniya

-Delile

• Isifinyezo
• Iyini inyumoniya?
• Yini ebangela inyumoniya?
• Ubani osengozini yokuphefumula?
• Ziyini izimpawu zenyumoniya?
• Yiziphi ezinye izinkinga ezingabangelwa yi-pneumonia?
• Ixilongwa kanjani inyumoniya?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha inyumoniya?
• Ingabe i-pneumonia ingavinjelwa?

Isifinyezo

Iyini inyumoniya?

I-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwelinye noma emaphashini womabili. Kubangela ukuthi izikhwama zomoya zamaphaphu zigcwale uketshezi noma ubomvu. Kungaba kusuka kumnene kuya kokubi, kuya ngohlobo lwegciwane elibangela ukutheleleka, iminyaka yakho, kanye nempilo yakho yonke.

Yini ebangela inyumoniya?

Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, igciwane kanye nefungal kungadala inyumoniya.

Amagciwane yimbangela evame kakhulu. I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya ingenzeka yodwa. Ingakhula futhi ngemuva kokuthi ube nezifo ezithile ezibangelwa amagciwane njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamagciwane zingadala inyumoniya, kufaka phakathi

• I-Streptococcus pneumoniae
• ULegionella pneumophila; le pneumonia ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isifo seLegionnaires
• I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• I-Chlamydia pneumoniae
• Haemophilus influenzae

Amagciwane angenela umgudu wokuphefumula angadala inyumoniya. I-pneumonia yegciwane ivame ukuba mnene futhi ihambe yodwa kungapheli amasonto ambalwa. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kubucayi ngokwanele ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Uma une-pneumonia yegciwane, usengozini yokuthola i-pneumonia yebhaktheriya. Amagciwane ahlukene angadala inyumoniya afaka phakathi

• Igciwane le-syncytial yokuphefumula (i-RSV)
• Amanye amagciwane omkhuhlane nomkhuhlane
• SARS-CoV-2, igciwane elidala i-COVID-19

I-fungal pneumonia ivame kakhulu kubantu abanezinkinga zempilo ezingapheli noma amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Ezinye zezinhlobo zifaka

• I-pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
• ICoccidioidomycosis, ebanga umkhuhlane wasesigodini
• I-Histoplasmosis
• I-Cryptococcus

Ubani osengozini yokuphefumula?

Noma ngubani angathola i-pneumonia, kepha izici ezithile zingakhuphula ubungozi bakho:

• Ubudala; ingozi iphakeme ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-2 nangaphansi kanye nabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu
• Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile, ukungcola, noma umusi onobuthi
• Imikhuba yokuphila, efana nokubhema, ukusebenzisa kakhulu utshwala nokungondleki
• Ukuba esibhedlela, ikakhulukazi uma uku-ICU. Ukuthanjiswa kanye / noma kumshini wokuphefumula kukhuphula ubungozi nakakhulu.
• Ukuba nesifo samaphaphu
• Ukuba namasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• Unenkinga yokukhwehlela noma ukugwinya, kusuka kohlangothi noma esinye isimo
• Muva nje ngigula ngumkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane

Ziyini izimpawu zenyumoniya?

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia zingahluka kusuka kumnene ziye kokubi futhi zifake

• Imfiva
• Amakhaza
• Ukukhwehlela, imvamisa nge-phlegm (into encanyana evela emaphashini akho)
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ubuhlungu besifuba lapho uphefumula noma ukhwehlela
• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo kanye / noma ukuhlanza
• Uhudo

Izimpawu zingahluka ngokwamaqembu ahlukene. Izinsana nezinsana kungenzeka zingakhombisi izimpawu zokutheleleka. Abanye bangaphalaza babe nomkhuhlane kanye nokukhwehlela. Bangabonakala begula, bengenamandla, noma bengazethembi.

Abantu abadala asebekhulile nabantu abanezifo ezimbi noma amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka bangaba nezimpawu ezimbalwa futhi ezinzima. Zingaba nokushisa okuphansi kunokujwayelekile. Abantu abadala asebekhulile abane-pneumonia kwesinye isikhathi baba nezinguquko ezingazelelwe ekuqwashiseni ngengqondo.

Yiziphi ezinye izinkinga ezingabangelwa yi-pneumonia?

Kwesinye isikhathi inyumoniya ingadala izinkinga ezinkulu njenge

• I-Bacteremia, eyenzeka lapho amagciwane engena egazini. Kubucayi futhi kungaholela ekushaqekeni ngokweqile.
• Amathumba emaphaphu, angamaqoqo obomvu emigodini yamaphaphu
• Izinkinga zePleural, okuyizimo ezithinta i-pleura. I-pleura iyisicubu esihlanganisa ingaphandle lamaphaphu futhi sigudle ingaphakathi lesifuba sakho.
• Ukuhluleka kwezinso
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula

Ixilongwa kanjani inyumoniya?

Kwesinye isikhathi inyumoniya kungaba nzima ukuyithola. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungadala ezinye zezimpawu ezifanayo njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane. Kungathatha isikhathi ukuthi ubone ukuthi unesimo esibi kakhulu.

Ukwenza ukuxilongwa, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo

• Sizobuza ngomlando nezimpawu zezokwelapha
• Sizokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kufaka phakathi ukulalela amaphaphu akho nge-stethoscope
• Kwangathi kungenziwa izivivinyo, kufaka phakathi
  • I-x-ray yesifuba
  • Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okufana nokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) ukubona ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba alwa yini ngokuthe ngqo nokutheleleka
  • Isiko legazi ukuthola ukuthi ngabe unesifo se-bacterial esesakaze egazini lakho

Uma usesibhedlela, unezimpawu ezimbi, ukhulile, noma unezinye izinkinga zempilo, ungahle ube nokuhlolwa okuningi, okufana

• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela, okuhlola amabhaktheriya kusampula yesikhwehlela sakho (i-spit) noma i-phlegm (into encane evela emaphashini akho).
• Isifuba se-CT scan ukubona ukuthi angakanani amaphaphu akho athintekile. Kungakhombisa nokuthi unezinkinga ezifana namathumba emaphaphu noma ama-pleural effusions.
• Isiko le-Pleural fluid, elihlola amabhaktheriya kusampula eluketshezi elathathwa esikhaleni sobuningi
• I-Pulse oximetry noma ukuhlolwa kwezinga le-oxygen, ukuhlola ukuthi ingakanani i-oxygen esegazini lakho
• I-Bronchoscopy, inqubo esetshenziselwa ukubheka ngaphakathi kwemigwaqo yakho yomoya yamaphaphu

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha inyumoniya?

Ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonia kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-pneumonia, olubangelwa yigciwane, nokuthi luqine kangakanani:

• Ama-antibiotic alapha i-pneumonia yebhaktheriya nezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonia yefungal. Azisebenzi i-pneumonia yegciwane.
• Kwezinye izimo, umhlinzeki wakho anganikela ngemithi elwa namagciwane ye-pneumonia yegciwane
• Imithi elwa namagciwane ilapha ezinye izinhlobo zamaphaphu

Ungadinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela uma izimpawu zakho zinzima noma uma usengozini yezinkinga. Ngenkathi ulapho, ungathola ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, uma izinga lakho le-oksijeni egazini liphansi, ungathola ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo.

Kungathatha isikhathi ukululama kwi-pneumonia. Abanye abantu bazizwa bengcono kungakapheli isonto. Kwabanye abantu, kungathatha inyanga noma ngaphezulu.

Ingabe i-pneumonia ingavinjelwa?

Imithi yokugoma ingasiza ukuvimbela inyumoniya ebangelwa amagciwane e-pneumococcal noma igciwane lomkhuhlane. Ukuba nenhlanzeko enhle, ukungabhemi, nokuphila ngendlela enempilo nakho kungasiza ekuvimbeleni inyumoniya.

I-NIH: I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute

• Achoo! Okungenamakhaza, Umkhuhlane, Noma Okuthile Okunye?