Yini i-polycythemia, izimbangela, indlela yokuhlonza nokwelapha

-Delile

• Izimpawu zePolycythemia
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-polycythemia
• Indlela yokwelapha

I-Polycythemia ifana nokwanda kwenani lamaseli abomvu, abizwa nangokuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi noma ama-erythrocyte, egazini, okungukuthi, ngaphezulu kwamaseli abomvu wezigidi ezi-5.4 nge-µL yegazi kwabesifazane nangaphezulu kwamaseli abomvu wezigidi ezi-5.9 nge-µL ngayinye igazi emadodeni.

Ngenxa yokwanda kwesibalo samangqamuzana abomvu egazi, igazi liba namandla kakhulu, okwenza igazi ligijime kakhulu ngemikhumbi, okungadala izimpawu ezithile, njengokuphathwa yikhanda, isiyezi ngisho nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

I-Polycythemia ayelashwa hhayi kuphela ukunciphisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi ne-viscosity yegazi, kepha futhi ngenhloso yokunciphisa izimpawu nokuvimbela izinkinga, ezinjenge-stroke kanye ne-pulmonary embolism.

Izimpawu zePolycythemia

I-Polycythemia imvamisa ayizibangeli izimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma ukwanda kwenani lamaseli abomvu kungekukhulu kangako, kuqashelwa kuphela ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, umuntu angahle aphathwe yikhanda njalo, angaboni kahle, isikhumba esibomvu, ukukhathala ngokweqile nesikhumba esilumayo, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokugeza, okungakhombisa i-polycythemia.

Kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu enze ukubalwa kwegazi njalo futhi, uma kuvela izimpawu ezithile ezihlobene ne-polycythemia, yiya kudokotela ngokushesha, ngoba ukwanda kwe-viscosity yegazi ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lamaseli abomvu kwandisa ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi, i-myocardial ne-pulmonary embolism, isibonelo.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kwe-polycythemia kwenziwa ngomphumela wesibalo segazi, lapho kuqashelwa khona hhayi kuphela ukwanda kwenani lamaseli abomvu, kodwa futhi nokwanda kwamanani we-hematocrit ne-hemoglobin. Bona ukuthi amanani wereferensi yokubalwa kwegazi ayini.

Ngokuya ngokuhlaziywa kwesibalo segazi kanye nomphumela wokunye ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngumuntu, i-polycythemia ingahlukaniswa nge:

• I-polycythemia eyinhloko, obizwa nangokuthi polycythemia vera, okuyisifo sofuzo esivezwa ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi ngokungajwayelekile. Qonda okuningi mayelana ne-polycythemia vera;
• I-polycythemia ehlobene, okubonakala ngokwanda kwenani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ngenxa yokwehla kwevolumu ye-plasma, njengasendabeni yokwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni, ngokwesibonelo, akubonisi ukuthi kube nokukhiqizwa okukhulu kwamaseli abomvu;
• I-polycythemia yesibili, okwenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezingaholela ekwandeni hhayi kuphela kwinani lamaseli abomvu, kepha nakweminye imingcele yelabhorethri.

Kubalulekile ukuthi imbangela ye-polycythemia ikhonjwe ukuze kusungulwe uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwezokwelapha, ukugwema ukuvela kwezinye izimpawu noma izinkinga.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-polycythemia

Endabeni ye-polycythemia eyinhloko, noma i-polycythemia vera, imbangela yokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu inguquko kwezofuzo edala ukuphazamiseka enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwamaseli abomvu, okuholela ekwandeni kwamaseli abomvu egazi futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, ama-leukocyte namaplatelets.

Ngakwelinye i-polycythemia, ngakolunye uhlangothi, imbangela enkulu ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, njengoba kulezi zimo kukhona ukulahleka koketshezi lomzimba, okuholela ekwandeni okubonakalayo kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi. Imvamisa esimweni se-polycythemia ehlobene, amazinga erythropoietin, okuyihomoni ebhekele ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokukhiqizwa kwamaseli abomvu egazi, ajwayelekile.

I-polycythemia yesibili ingabangelwa yizimo eziningana ezingaholela ekwandeni kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi, njengezifo zenhliziyo, izifo zokuphefumula, ukukhuluphala, ukubhema, i-Cushing's syndrome, izifo zesibindi, isifo sokuqala se-myeloid leukemia, i-lymphoma, izinso ukuphazamiseka nesifo sofuba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lamaseli abomvu lingakhuphuka ngenxa yokusebenzisa isikhathi eside ama-corticosteroids, izengezo zikavithamini B12 nemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza webele, ngokwesibonelo.

Indlela yokwelapha

Ukwelashwa kwe-polycythemia kufanele kuqondiswe yi-hematologist, esimweni somuntu omdala, noma kudokotela wezingane esimweni sengane nengane, futhi kuya ngesizathu sokwanda kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi.

Imvamisa, ukwelashwa kuhlose ukunciphisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi, lenze igazi libe uketshezi oluningi futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, linciphise izimpawu futhi linciphise ubungozi bezinkinga. Endabeni ye-polycythemia vera, ngokwesibonelo, kunconywa ukwenza i-phlebotomy yokwelapha, noma ukopha, lapho kukhishwa khona amaseli abomvu ngokweqile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angancoma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, njenge-aspirin, ukwenza igazi libe uketshezi oluningi futhi kunciphise ubungozi bokwakheka kweqhwa, noma eminye imithi, efana neHydroxyurea noma i-Interferon alfa, ukwenza isibalo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.