Izifo zesistimu yokuphefumula: ziyini, izimpawu nokuthi wenzeni

-Delile

• Izifo eziyinhloko zokuphefumula ezingapheli
• 1. I-rhinitis engapheli
• 2. Isifuba Somoya
• 3. I-COPD
• 4. I-sinusitis engapheli
• 5. Isifo Sofuba
• Izifo eziyinhloko zokuphefumula
• 1. Umkhuhlane
• 2. Pharyngitis
• 3. Inyumoniya
• 4. I-bronchitis enamandla
• 5.I-Acute yokuphefumula isifo (ARDS)

Izifo zokuphefumula yizifo ezingathinta ukwakheka kohlelo lokuphefumula njengomlomo, impumulo, umphimbo, umphimbo, uqhoqhoqho namaphaphu.

Bangakwazi ukufinyelela kubantu babo bonke ubudala futhi, ezimweni eziningi, bahlotshaniswa nendlela yokuphila nekhwalithi yomoya. Lokho wukuthi, ukuvezwa komzimba kumakhemikhali angcolisayo, amakhemikhali, osikilidi ngisho nokutheleleka ngamagciwane, isikhunta noma amagciwane, isibonelo.

Ngokuya ngobude besikhathi sabo, izifo zokuphefumula zihlukaniswa njenge:

• Iyahamba: ukuqala ngokushesha, isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu nokwelashwa okufushane;
• IziKronike: aqala kancane kancane, ahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu futhi imvamisa kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imithi isikhathi eside.

Abanye abantu bangazalwa benesifo sokuphefumula esingelapheki, okuthi ngaphezu kwezimbangela zangaphandle, kube yizakhi zofuzo, njengesifuba somoya. Ngenkathi izifo ezibucayi zokuphefumula zivela kaningi kwizifo zokuphefumula.

Izifo eziyinhloko zokuphefumula ezingapheli

Izifo zokuphefumula ezingapheli zivame ukuthinta izakhiwo zamaphaphu futhi zingaxhunyaniswa nohlobo oluthile lokuvuvukala kwesikhathi eside. Abantu ababhemayo, bavezwa kakhulu ukungcoliswa umoya nothuli, futhi bayalwa nokungezwani nengozi yokuhlaselwa yilezi zinhlobo zezifo.

Izifo eziyinhloko zokuphefumula ezingapheli yilezi:

1. I-rhinitis engapheli

I-rhinitis engapheli ukuvuvukala kwangaphakathi kwekhala okuthi kwezinye izimo kubangelwa ukungezwani nezinwele zezilwane, impova, isikhunta noma uthuli, futhi kwaziwa njenge-allergen rhinitis. Kodwa-ke, i-rhinitis nayo ingabangelwa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, izinguquko ezisheshayo kwesimo sezulu, ingcindezi engokomzwelo, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamazinyo okubulala izinhlungu emakhaleni noma ukumunca ukudla okubabayo futhi, kulezi zimo, kwaziwa njenge-rhinitis engalapheki.

Izimpawu ze-rhinitis engalapheki yokungezwani nokwaliwa nazo ziyefana, kufaka phakathi ukuthimula, ukukhwehlela okomile, impumu egijimayo, ikhala eligcwele kanye nekhanda. Ukulunywa kwamakhala, amehlo nomphimbo kuvame kakhulu uma i-rhinitis engapheli ibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba.

Okufanele ngikwenze: udokotela we-otorhinolaryngologist kufanele aboniswe ukuze aqinisekise ukuxilongwa futhi aqale ukwelashwa okufanele, okususelwa ikakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwama-antihistamines kanye ne-nasal spray. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angancoma ukuhlinzwa, kodwa akuvamile, futhi kuvame ukukhonjiswa lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasasebenzi.

Kunconywa ukuthi abantu abahlushwa isifo i-rhinitis esingelapheki bese begwema ukuthintana nentuthu kagwayi, ukusetshenziswa kokhaphethi kanye ne-plush, bagcine indlu inomoya futhi ihlanzekile, futhi bawashe nezingubo zokulala njalo nasemanzini ashisayo. Nazi ezinye izindlela zemvelo zokunciphisa izimpawu ze-rhinitis.

2. Isifuba Somoya

Isifuba somoya yisifo esivame kakhulu ezinganeni zesilisa futhi senzeka ngenxa yokuvuvukala ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zephaphu, okudala ukuvuvukala nokunciphisa ukudlula komoya kulezi zinhlaka. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-asthma ukuphelelwa umoya, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukukhwehlela ngaphandle kwe-phlegm, isifuba nokukhathala.

Imbangela yesifuba somoya ayaziwa, kepha ukuhlushwa ukungezwani komzimba, ukuba nomzali onesifuba somoya, ukuba nezinye izifo zokuphefumula nokuvezwa ukungcoliswa komoya kungahle kuhlobene nokuqala kokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya.

Okufanele ngikwenze: isifuba somoya asinalo ikhambi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukulandela isazi se-pulmonologist bese usebenzisa imishanguzo ekhonjisiwe, njenge-bronchodilators, i-corticosteroids kanye ne-anti-inflammatories. Ukwenza izivivinyo zokuphefumula ngosizo lwe-physiotherapist kungasiza. Kunconywa ukuthi abantu abane-asthma baziveze kancane ngangokunokwenzeka emikhiqizweni edala ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwesifuba somoya.

3. I-COPD

Isifo samaphaphu esingapheliyo siyisifo sezifo zamaphaphu esivimbela ukudlula komoya emaphashini. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:

• I-emphysema yamaphaphu: kwenzeka lapho ukuvuvukala kuvimbela izakhiwo ezinjenge-sac sac emaphashini, i-alveoli;
• I-bronchitis engapheli: kwenzeka lapho ukuvuvukala kuvimbela amashubhu ahambisa umoya emaphashini, i-bronchi.

Abantu ababhemayo noma abake bahlaselwa amakhemikhali isikhathi eside maningi amathuba okuthi bahlakulele lezi zinhlobo zezifo. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zifaka ukukhwehlela okuqhubeke isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu, i-phlegm nokuphefumula okuncane.

Okufanele ngikwenze:Kunconywa ukuthi ufune usizo kudokotela we-pulmonologist, ngoba lezi zifo azikho ikhambi, kepha kungenzeka ukulawula izimpawu. Eminye imishanguzo engakhonjiswa ngudokotela ngama-bronchodilators kanye ne-corticosteroids. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuyeka ukubhema nokunciphisa ukuhogela ama-chemical agents kuvimbela lezi zifo ukuthi zingabi zimbi kakhulu. Ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi yini i-COPD, yiziphi izimpawu nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze.

4. I-sinusitis engapheli

I-sinusitis engapheli yenzeka lapho izikhala ezingenalutho emakhaleni nasebusweni zivimba ngenxa yomqubuko noma ukuvuvukala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ayishumi nambili futhi azithuthuki noma ngabe zelashwa. Umuntu one-sinusitis engapheli uzwa ubuhlungu ebusweni, ukuzwela emehlweni, ikhala eligcwele, ukukhwehlela, umoya onukayo nomphimbo obuhlungu.

Abantu asebevele baphatha i-sinusitis ebukhali, abane-polyp nasal noma i-septum ephambukile maningi amathuba okuthi bahlakulele lolu hlobo lwe-sinusitis.

Okufanele ngikwenze: i-otorhinolaryngologist iyona efaneleke kakhulu ukuhamba nabantu abanalolu hlobo lwesifo. Ukwelashwa kwe-sinusitis engapheli kuqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwemithi efana nama-antibiotic, ama-anti-inflammatories, ama-corticosteroids kanye nama-antiallergic agents. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-sinusitis engapheli.

5. Isifo Sofuba

Isifo sofuba yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa amagciwane Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium, eyaziwa kakhulu njenge-bacchus kaKoch (BK). Lesi sifo sithinta amaphaphu, kepha kuya ngezinga, singathinta nezinye izitho zomzimba njengezinso, amathambo nenhliziyo.

Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sidala izimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amathathu, ukukhwehlela igazi, ubuhlungu bokuphefumula, umkhuhlane, ukujuluka ebusuku, ukwehla kwesisindo nokuphefumula. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangatheleleka ngamagciwane futhi bangabi nazimpawu.

Okufanele ngikwenze: ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba kuboniswa yi-pulmonologist futhi kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwenhlanganisela yama-antibiotic ahlukahlukene. Imithi enikezwe udokotela kufanele iphuzwe njengokuyalelwa futhi ukwelashwa kuvame ukuhlala izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezingu-6. Funda kabanzi ngamakhambi asekhaya okwelapha izimpawu zesifo sofuba.

Izifo eziyinhloko zokuphefumula

Izifo ezinzima zokuphefumula zivame ukuxhunyaniswa nohlobo oluthile lokutheleleka kohlelo lokuphefumula. Lezi zifo zivela ngokushesha futhi kufanele zilashwe futhi zilandelwe ngudokotela.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izifo ezinzima zokuphefumula zingahlala zingamahlalakhona kuye ngesimo sempilo yomuntu noma uma engakwenzanga kahle ukwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo eziningi zokuphefumula ziyathathelana, okusho ukuthi, zisuka komunye umuntu ziye komunye.

Izifo eziyinhloko zokuphefumula ezinzima yilezi:

1. Umkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane ukutheleleka okubangelwa igciwane le-Influenza futhi kuhlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10. Izimpawu zomkhuhlane zaziwa njengokukhwehlela, ikhanda elibuhlungu, umkhuhlane nekhala eligijima. Imvamisa, ebusika, abantu bahlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ngakho-ke ukwanda komkhuhlane kuyanda. Umkhuhlane uvame ukudideka nomkhuhlane, kepha ubangelwa olunye uhlobo lwegciwane, ukuqonda kangcono umehluko phakathi komkhuhlane namakhaza.

Okufanele ngikwenze: isikhathi esiningi izimpawu zomkhuhlane ziyathuthuka ngokwelashwa ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, izingane, asebekhulile kanye nabantu abanokuzivikela komzimba okuphansi kufanele bahambisane nodokotela ojwayelekile. Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi yokuqeda izimpawu, ukudla oketshezi nokuphumula.

Njengamanje, kunemikhankaso yokugomela umkhuhlane yi-SUS yabantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola umkhuhlane, kodwa futhi uyatholakala nasemitholampilo yangasese.

2. Pharyngitis

I-Pharyngitis ukutheleleka okubangelwa amagciwane noma amabhaktheriya afinyelela esifundeni esingemuva komphimbo, esaziwa nangokuthi i-pharynx. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-pharyngitis ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya, umphimbo onwaya kanye nomkhuhlane.

Okufanele ngikwenze: ukwelashwa kwe-pharyngitis kuzoncika ekutheni ngabe kubangelwa igciwane, elibizwa nge-viral pharyngitis noma uma libangelwa amagciwane, aziwa nge-bacterial pharyngitis. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka ngemuva kweviki eli-1, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ojwayelekile noma i-otorhinolaryngologist ozoncoma ama-antibiotic uma i-pharyngitis ibhaktheriya. Endabeni ye-pharyngitis yegciwane, udokotela angahle anikeze umuthi wokuqeda umphimbo obuhlungu.

Kubalulekile njalo ukukhumbula ukuthi umuntu one-pharyngitis kufanele aphumule futhi aphuze uketshezi oluningi. Funda kabanzi ukuthi wenzeni ukudambisa izinhlungu nokushisa emphinjeni wakho.

3. Inyumoniya

I-pneumonia yisifo esithinta i-alveoli yamaphaphu esebenza njengezikhwama zomoya. Lesi sifo singafinyelela iphaphu elilodwa noma womabili futhi sibangelwa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya noma isikhunta. Izimpawu zenyumoniya ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu, ikakhulukazi uma uyingane noma usukhulile, kepha ngokujwayelekile umkhuhlane omkhulu, ubuhlungu bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela nge-phlegm, amakhaza nokuphefumula okuncane. Bheka lapha ukuthola ezinye izimpawu zenyumoniya.

Okufanele ngikwenze: kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho jikelele noma i-pulmonologist, ngoba inyumoniya ingaba yimbi kakhulu uma ingalashwa. Udokotela uzonikeza izidakamizwa ezinomsebenzi wokuqeda ukutheleleka, okungaba ama-antibiotic, ama-antivirals noma ama-antifungal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angahle anikeze imishanguzo ethile yokuqeda izinhlungu nokunciphisa imfiva.

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuhlushwa inyumoniya, njengezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemibili ubudala, abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, abantu abanamasosha omzimba aphansi ngenxa yokugula noma abelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke, kulezi zimo lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zenyumoniya, kubalulekile ukuthi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu.

4. I-bronchitis enamandla

I-bronchitis ebucayi yenzeka lapho amashubhu ahambisa umoya kusuka ku-trachea aya emaphashini, abizwa ngokuthi yi-bronchi, ayavuvukala. Lolu hlobo lwe-bronchitis lunesikhathi esifushane futhi luvame ukubangelwa amagciwane.Izimpawu ze-bronchitis zivame ukudideka nezimpawu zomkhuhlane kanye nezimpawu ezibandayo, njengoba ziyefana, kufaka phakathi ikhala eligijimayo, ukukhwehlela, ukukhathala, ukuphefumula, ubuhlungu bomhlane nomkhuhlane.

Okufanele ngikwenze: i-bronchitis ebukhali ihlala izinsuku ezi-10 kuya kwezingu-15 futhi izimpawu zivame ukunyamalala phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kodwa ukulandelwa ngudokotela ojwayelekile noma i-pulmonologist kubalulekile ukugwema izinkinga. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka, ikakhulukazi ukukhwehlela komkhuhlane nomkhuhlane, kubalulekile ukubuyela kudokotela. Thola kabanzi ngamakhambi we-bronchitis.

5.I-Acute yokuphefumula isifo (ARDS)

Isifo sokuphefumula esibucayi senzeka lapho kuba nokuqoqeka koketshezi ku-alveoli, okuyizikhwama zomoya ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu, okusho ukuthi ayikho i-oxygen eyanele egazini. Lesi sifo sivame ukuvela kubantu asebevele behlushwa esinye isifo samaphaphu esigabeni esithuthuke kakhulu noma umuntu othole ingozi embi yokuminza, ukulimala endaweni yesifuba, ukuhogela amagesi anobuthi.

Ezinye izinhlobo zezifo ezinzima zingadala i-ARDS, njengezifo ezinzima zepancreas nenhliziyo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-ARDS ivame ukwenzeka kubantu ababuthakathaka kakhulu nabalele esibhedlela, ngaphandle kwalapho kwenzeka khona izingozi. Bona lapha ukuthi yini i-ARDS yezingane nokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani.

Okufanele ngikwenze: I-ARDS idinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo futhi ukwelashwa kwenziwa odokotela abaningana futhi kufanele kwenziwe ngaphakathi kweyunithi yesibhedlela.