Ukuphazamiseka Okunamathiselwe Okusebenzayo Kwasebusheni noma Ebuntwaneni Bokuqala

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokunamathisela okusebenzayo?
• Ukuziphatha okungavinjelwe
• Ukuziphatha okungavinjelwe
• Yini ebangela ukuphazamiseka kokunamathisela okusebenzayo?
• Kutholakala kanjani ukuphazamiseka kokunamathisela okusebenzayo?
• Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa zesifo sokunamathisela esisebenzayo?
• Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuphazamiseka kokunamathisela okusebenzayo?
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Yini inkinga yokunamathisela okusebenzayo (RAD)?

Ukuphazamiseka kokunamathisela okusebenzayo (i-RAD) yisimo esingajwayelekile kodwa esibi. Kuvimbela izingane nezingane ekwakheni izibopho ezinempilo nabazali bazo noma abanakekeli abayinhloko. Izingane eziningi ezine-RAD ziye zabhekana nokunganakwa ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo noma ukuhlukunyezwa, noma zaba izintandane zisencane.

I-RAD iba lapho izidingo ezinganeni eziyisisekelo zokukhuliswa, uthando nokunethezeka zingakahlangatshezwa. Lokhu kubayekisa ukwakha ubudlelwano obuhle nabanye.

I-RAD ingathatha amafomu amabili. Kungadala ingane ukuthi igweme ubudlelwane noma ifune ukunakwa ngokweqile.

I-RAD ingaba nemiphumela emibi ekukhuleni kwengane. Kungabavimba ekwakheni ubudlelwano besikhathi esizayo. Kuyisimo esihlala njalo, kepha izingane eziningi ezine-RAD ekugcineni ziyakwazi ukwakha ubudlelwane obunempilo nobuzinzile nabanye uma zithola ukwelashwa nokusekelwa.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokunamathisela okusebenzayo?

Ngokusho kweMayo Clinic, izimpawu ze-RAD zizovela ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engu-5, imvamisa lapho ingane isewusana. Izimpawu ezinganeni kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuzibona kunezingane ezindala futhi zingafaka:

• ukungabi nalutho
• ukuhoxa
• anginantshisekelo kumathoyizi noma emidlalweni
• hhayi ukumamatheka noma ukufuna induduzo
• hhayi ukufinyelela ekulandweni

Izingane ezindala zizokhombisa izimpawu ezibonakalayo zokuhoxa, njenge:

• ebonakala ingathandeki ezimeni zenhlalo
• ukugwema amagama aduduzayo noma izenzo ezivela kwabanye
• ukufihla imizwa yentukuthelo
• kukhombisa ukuqhuma okunolaka kubontanga

Uma i-RAD iqhubeka iye eminyakeni yobusha, ingaholela ekusebenziseni kabi izidakamizwa noma utshwala.

Njengoba izingane ezine-RAD zikhula, zingakhula zibe nokuziphatha okungavinjelwe noma okungavinjelwe. Ezinye izingane zikhula zombili.

Ukuziphatha okungavinjelwe

Izimpawu zalolu hlobo lokuziphatha zifaka:

• ukufuna ukunakwa okuvela kuwo wonke umuntu, ngisho nabantu ongabazi
• izicelo ezivamile zosizo
• ukuziphatha kobuntwana
• ukukhathazeka

Ukuziphatha okungavinjelwe

Izimpawu zalolu hlobo lokuziphatha zifaka:

• ukugwema ubudlelwano
• ukwenqaba usizo
• ukwenqaba induduzo
• kukhombisa imizwa elinganiselwe

Yini ebangela ukuphazamiseka kokunamathisela okusebenzayo?

I-RAD kungenzeka ukuthi yenzeke lapho ingane:

• uhlala ekhaya lezingane noma esikhungweni
• kushintsha abanakekeli, njengakunakekelwa izingane okungezona ezabo
• ihlukaniswe nabanakekeli isikhathi eside
• unomama onesifo sokucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha

Kutholakala kanjani ukuphazamiseka kokunamathisela okusebenzayo?

Ukuxilonga i-RAD, udokotela kumele anqume ukuthi usana noma ingane ihlangabezana nemibandela yesimo. Izindlela ze-RAD zifaka:

• ukuba nobudlelwano obungafanelekile bezenhlalo ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-5 okungabangelwa ukubambezeleka kwentuthuko
• ukuhlangana ngokungafanele nabantu ongabazi noma ungakwazi ukuphendula ekusebenzisaneni nabanye
• ukuba nabanakekeli abakhulu abahluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zengane ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo

Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo yengane nakho kuyadingeka. Lokhu kungafaka:

• ukubuka nokuhlaziya ukuthi ingane ihlangana kanjani nabazali
• imininingwane nokuhlaziya indlela yokuziphatha kwengane ezimweni ezahlukene
• ukuhlola ukuziphatha kwengane isikhathi esithile
• ukuqoqa imininingwane ngokuziphatha kwengane kweminye imithombo, efana nomndeni owandisiwe noma othisha
• echaza umlando ngempilo yengane
• ukuhlola okuhlangenwe nakho kwabazali nemikhuba yansuku zonke nengane

Udokotela kuzodingeka futhi aqiniseke ukuthi izinkinga zokuziphatha kwengane azibangelwa esinye isimo sokuziphatha noma sengqondo. Izimpawu ze-RAD kwesinye isikhathi zingafana:

• ukunakekelwa kokulahleka kokugula (ADHD)
• ukwesaba umphakathi
• ukukhathazeka
• ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokuhlukumezeka (PTSD)
• i-autism noma i-autism spectrum disorder

Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa zesifo sokunamathisela esisebenzayo?

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwengqondo, udokotela wengane uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelashwa wukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane isendaweni ephephile futhi enakekelwa kahle.

Isigaba esilandelayo ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwengane nabazali bayo noma abanakekeli bokuqala. Lokhu kungathatha uhlobo lochungechunge lwamakilasi obuzali aklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa amakhono wokuba ngumzali. Amakilasi angahlanganiswa nokwelulekwa komndeni ukusiza ukuthuthukisa isibopho phakathi kwengane nabanakekeli bayo. Kancane kancane ukwandisa izinga lokuthintana ngokomzimba phakathi kwabo kuzosiza inqubo yokubopha.

Izinsizakalo zemfundo ekhethekile zingasiza uma ingane inenkinga esikoleni.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angahle anikeze imishanguzo efana ne-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ekhethiwe uma ingane inenkinga noma icindezelekile. Izibonelo zama-SSRI zifaka phakathi i-fluoxetine (Prozac) ne-sertraline (i-Zoloft).

Ngokusho kweNational Institute of Mental Health, i-fluoxetine ukuphela kwe-SSRI evunyelwe yi-FDA yezingane ezineminyaka engu-8 nangaphezulu.

Kubalulekile ukuqapha izingane ezithatha lezi zinhlobo zemithi yemicabango yokuzibulala noma yokuziphatha. Lokhu kungumphumela wecala ongaba khona, kodwa akuvamile.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele futhi okusheshayo, ingane ene-RAD ingahle ithuthukise ezinye izimo ezihlobene, njengokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka ne-PTSD.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuphazamiseka kokunamathisela okusebenzayo?

Unganciphisa amathuba okuthi ingane yakho ithuthukise i-RAD ngokunakekela izidingo zengane nezomzimba ngokufanele. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uthola ingane encane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ingane ibinakekelwa. Ingozi ye-RAD iphezulu ezinganeni ezinabanakekeli bazo abashintshe kaningi.

Kungaba usizo ukukhuluma nabanye abazali, ukuthola ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo, noma ukuya emakilasini okuba ngumzali. Kunezincwadi eziningi ezibhalwe nge-RAD nokuba ngumzali onempilo nazo ezingaba wusizo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma unenkinga engathinta ikhono lakho lokunakekela ingane yakho.

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Umbono wengane ene-RAD muhle uma ingane ithola ukwelashwa okufanele ngokushesha okukhulu. Kube nezifundo ezimbalwa zesikhathi eside ze-RAD, kepha odokotela bayazi ukuthi kungaholela kwezinye izinkinga zokuziphatha empilweni yamuva uma ingelashwa. Lezi zinkinga zisukela ekuziphatheni okulawula ngokweqile ziye ekuzilimazeni.