Izidakamizwa zeCoronavirus (COVID-19): zivunyiwe futhi ziyacwaningwa

-Delile

• Amakhambi avunyelwe we-coronavirus
• Amakhambi afundwayo
• 1. Ivermectin
• 2. IPlitidepsin
• 3. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha
• 4. I-Dexamethasone
• 5. I-Hydroxychloroquine ne-chloroquine
• 6. I-Colchicine
• 7. I-Mefloquine
• 8. I-Tocilizumab
• 9. Iplasma ye-Convalescent
• 10. I-Avifavir
• 11. IBaricitinib
• 12. I-EXO-CD24
• Izinketho zemithi yemvelo ze-coronavirus

Njengamanje, azikho izidakamizwa ezaziwayo ezikwazi ukuqeda i-coronavirus entsha emzimbeni futhi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa kuphela nemithi ekwazi ukuqeda izimpawu ze-COVID-19.

Amacala amabi, anezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile, angalashwa ekhaya ngokuphumula, ukufuthwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi yomkhuhlane nokuqeda izinhlungu. Amacala abucayi kakhulu, lapho kuvela khona izimpawu ezinzima kanye nezinkinga ezifana nenyumoniya, zidinga ukwelashwa lapho ungeniswa esibhedlela, imvamisa kuma-Intensive Care Units (ICU), ukuqinisekisa, ikakhulukazi, ukuphathwa okwanele komoya-mpilo kanye nokuqashwa izimpawu ezibalulekile.

Bona imininingwane eminingi mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-COVID-19.

Ngaphezu kwemithi, eminye imigomo yokulwa ne-COVID-19 nayo iyafundwa, ikhiqizwe futhi isatshalaliswe. Le mithi yokugoma ithembisa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-COVID-19, kodwa futhi kubonakala sengathi yehlisa ukuqina kwezimpawu lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka. Ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi yimiphi imithi yokugoma emelene ne-COVID-19 ekhona, ukuthi isebenza kanjani kanye nemiphumela engemihle engaba khona.

Amakhambi avunyelwe we-coronavirus

Izidakamizwa ezivunyelwe ukwelashwa kwe-coronavirus, ngu-Anvisa noMnyango Wezempilo, yizo ezikwazi ukuqeda izimpawu zokutheleleka, njenge:

• Ama-antipyretics: ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa nokulwa nomkhuhlane;
• Ukudambisa izinhlungu: ukudambisa ubuhlungu bemisipha emzimbeni wonke;
• Imithi elwa namagciwane: ukwelapha ukutheleleka okungenzeka ngamagciwane okungavela nge-COVID-19.

La makhambi kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela futhi, yize evunyelwe ukwelashwa kwe-coronavirus entsha, awakwazi ukuqeda igciwane emzimbeni, kepha asetshenziswa kuphela ekunciphiseni izimpawu nasekuthuthukiseni ukunethezeka umuntu onegciwane.

Amakhambi afundwayo

Ngaphezu kwemithi esiza ukuqeda izimpawu, amazwe amaningi athuthukisa izifundo ngezilwane zaselabhorethri nasezigulini ezithelelekile ukuzama ukuthola umuthi ongaqeda leli gciwane emzimbeni.

Imithi efundwayo akufanele isetshenziswe ngaphandle kokuqondiswa udokotela, noma njengendlela yokuvimbela ukutheleleka, ngoba ingadala imiphumela emibi ethile futhi isongele impilo.

Okulandelayo uhlu lwezidakamizwa eziyinhloko ezifundelwa i-coronavirus entsha:

1. Ivermectin

Ivermectin i-vermifuge ekhonjisiwe ekwelapheni izifo ezithwala amagciwane, ezidala izinkinga ezifana ne-onchocerciasis, elephantiasis, pediculosis (izintwala), ascariasis (roundworms), utwayi noma i-strongyloidiasis yamathumbu futhi, muva nje, ekhombise imiphumela emihle kakhulu ekuqedweni kwesifo i-coronavirus entsha, i-in vitro.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe e-Australia, lwahlola ivermectin elabhoratri, kumasiko amaseli i-in vitro, kwatholakala ukuthi le nto ikwazile ukuqeda igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 kungakapheli amahora angama-48 ^[7]. Kodwa-ke, izivivinyo zokwelashwa ebantwini ziyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo ku-vivo, kanye nomthamo wokwelashwa nokuphepha komuthi, okulindeleke ukuthi kwenzeke esikhathini esiphakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezi-9.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, olunye ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin yiziguli ezitholwe zine-COVID-19 kumele ukwehla kwengozi yezinkinga kanye nokuqhubekela phambili kwezifo, okukhombisa ukuthi ivermectin ingathuthukisa ukubikezelwa kwalesi sifo ^[33]. Ngasikhathi sinye, ucwaningo olwenziwa eBangladesh lukhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin (12 mg) yezinsuku ezinhlanu kwakusebenza futhi kuphephile ekwelashweni kwe-COVID-19 ^[34].

NgoNovemba 2020 ^[35] umbono wabaphenyi baseNdiya wokuthi ivermectin izokwazi ukuphazamisa ukuthuthwa kwegciwane liye engxenyeni yamaseli, livimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo, lanyatheliswa kumagazini wesayensi, kepha lo mphumela uzokwenzeka kuphela ngemithamo ephezulu ye ivermectin, okungaba yingozi emzimbeni womuntu.

Olunye ucwaningo olukhishwe ngoDisemba 2020 ^[36] futhi kukhombisile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-nanoparticles aqukethe ivermectin kunganciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwama-receptor we-ACE2 amaseli, kunciphise amathuba okuba igciwane libophezele kulawa ma-receptors futhi lidale ukutheleleka. Kodwa-ke, lolu cwaningo lwenziwe kuphela nge-vitro, futhi akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi umphumela uzofana naku-vivo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba lokhu kuyindlela entsha yokwelapha, izifundo ezinobuthi ziyadingeka.

Ngaphandle kwale miphumela, kudingeka izifundo ezengeziwe ukukhombisa ukusebenza kwe-ivermectin ekwelapheni i-COVID-19, kanye nomphumela wayo ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka. Bona okuningi ngokusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin ngokumelene ne-COVID-19.

Ukuvuselelwa kukaJulayi 2, 2020:

I-São Paulo Regional Pharmacy Council (CRF-SP) ikhiphe inothi lobuchwepheshe ^[20] lapho ithi khona ivermectin yezidakamizwa ikhombisa isenzo sokulwa namagciwane kwezinye izifundo ze-in vitro, kepha ukuthi kudingeka olunye uphenyo ukucubungula ukuthi ivermectin ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha kubantu ngokumelene ne-COVID-19.

Ngakho-ke, weluleka ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwe-ivermectin kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngokwethulwa kwemithi kadokotela futhi ngaphakathi kwemithamo nezikhathi eziyalelwe ngudokotela.

Ukuvuselelwa kukaJulayi 10, 2020:

Ngokwencazelo yokucaciswa ekhishwe yi-ANVISA ^[22], azikho izifundo eziwujuqu ezifakazela ukusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin ekwelapheni i-COVID-19, futhi ukusetshenziswa komuthi ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-coronavirus entsha kufanele kube yisibopho sikadokotela oqondisa ukwelashwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yokuqala ekhishwe wucwaningo olwenziwe yi-USP's Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB) ^[23], kukhombisa ukuthi ivermectin, yize ikwazi ukuqeda leli gciwane emangqamuzaneni athelelekile elabhorethri, nayo ibangela ukufa kwalawa maseli, okungakhombisa ukuthi lo muthi kungenzeka ungabi yisixazululo esihle kakhulu sokwelapha.

Vuselela ngoDisemba 9, 2020:

Embhalweni okhishwe yiBrazil Society of Infectious Diseases (SBI) ^[37] kukhonjisiwe ukuthi asikho isincomo sokwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kwemithi kanye / noma i-prophylactic ye-COVID-19 nganoma imuphi umuthi, kufaka phakathi ivermectin, ngoba izifundo zomtholampilo ezenziwa ngokungahleliwe azibonisi izinzuzo futhi, ngokuya ngomthamo osetshenzisiwe, kungenzeka ukuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi engaba nemiphumela empilweni yomuntu jikelele.

Vuselela uFebhuwari 4, 2021:

UMerck, okuyinkampani eyenza imithi ebhekele ukukhiqizwa komuthi i-Ivermectin, uveze ukuthi ezifundweni ezithuthukisiwe abuzange bukhombe noma yibuphi ubufakazi besayensi obukhombisa amandla okwelashwa kwalesi sidakamizwa olwa ne-COVID-19, futhi abuzange bukhombe umthelela ezigulini sekuvele kutholakala ukuthi unalesi sifo.

2. IPlitidepsin

IPlitidepsin umuthi olwa nesimila okhiqizwa ilabhorethri yaseSpain ekhonjisiwe ekwelapheni amanye amacala e-myeloma amaningi, kepha futhi enomphumela oqinile wokulwa negciwane elibhekene ne-coronavirus entsha.

Ngokwesifundo esenziwe eMelika ^[39], i-plitidepsin ikwazile ukwehlisa inani legciwane egazini le-coronavirus laze lafika kuma-99% emaphashini amagundane elebhu atheleleke nge-COVID-19. Abaphenyi bathethelela ukuphumelela kwalesi sidakamizwa emandleni aso okuvimba amaprotheni akhona kumaseli abalulekile ukuze igciwane lande futhi lisabalale emzimbeni wonke.

Le miphumela, kanye neqiniso lokuthi lesi sidakamizwa sesivele sisetshenziselwa abantu ekwelapheni i-myeloma eminingi, kusikisela ukuthi umuthi kungenzeka uphephe ukuthi ungahlolwa ezigulini zabantu ezitheleleke nge-COVID-19. Ngakho-ke, kudingekile ukulinda umphumela walezi zivivinyo zokwelashwa ukuqonda umthamo kanye nobuthi obungahle bube khona bomuthi.

3. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha

Lesi yisidakamizwa semishanguzo ebanzi esenzelwe ukwelapha ubhubhane lwegciwane le-Ebola, kepha asibonisanga njengemiphumela emihle njengezinye izinto. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesenzo sayo esibanzi ukulwa namagciwane, kuyacwaningwa ukuqonda ukuthi kungaletha imiphumela engcono ekususweni kwe-coronavirus entsha.

Izifundo zokuqala ezenziwa elabhoratri ngalo muthi, zombili e-United States ^{[1] [2]}, njengaseChina ^[3], ibonise imiphumela ethembisayo, ngoba into ikwazile ukuvimbela ukuphindaphindeka nokuphindaphindeka kwe-coronavirus entsha, kanye namanye amagciwane omndeni we-coronavirus.

Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuba weluleke njengendlela yokwelashwa, lo muthi udinga ukwenza izifundo eziningana nabantu, ukuze uqonde ukusebenza nokuphepha kwawo kwangempela. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje, kunezifundo ezi-6 ezenziwayo ngenani eliphezulu leziguli ezitheleleke nge-COVID-19, zombili e-United States, e-Europe nase Japan, kepha imiphumela kufanele ikhishwe kuphela ngo-Ephreli , okwamanje, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi i-Remdesivir, empeleni, ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ukuqeda i-coronavirus entsha kubantu.

Ukuvuselelwa kuka-Ephreli 29, 2020:

Ngokusho kophenyo olwenziwe yiGileyadi Sciences ^[8], e-United States, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Remdesivir ezigulini ezine-COVID-19 kubonakala kuveza imiphumela efanayo esikhathini sokwelashwa sezinsuku ezinhlanu noma eziyishumi, kanti kuzona zozimbili iziguli ziyakhishwa esibhedlela cishe izinsuku eziyi-14 nohlangothi lwesigameko imiphumela nayo iphansi. Lolu cwaningo alukhombisi izinga lokusebenza komuthi ukuqeda i-coronavirus entsha, ngakho-ke, ezinye izifundo zisenziwa.

Ukuvuselelwa kukaMeyi 16, 2020:

Ucwaningo olwenziwe eChina ezigulini ezingama-237 ezinemiphumela emibi yokutheleleka nge-COVID-19 ^[15] ibike ukuthi iziguli ezelashwa ngalo muthi zikhombise ukululama okushesha kancane uma kuqhathaniswa neziguli ezilawulayo, ngokwesilinganiso sezinsuku eziyishumi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsuku eziyi-14 ezethulwe yiqembu elelashwa nge-placebo.

Vuselela ngoMeyi 22, 2020:

Umbiko wokuqala wolunye uphenyo olwenziwe eMelika ngeRemdesivir ^[16] waphinde waveza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalo muthi kubonakala kunciphisa isikhathi sokululama kubantu abadala abasesibhedlela, kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka okuphansi kokuphefumula.

Vuselela ngoJulayi 26, 2020:

Ngokwesifundo esenziwe yiBoston University School of Public Health ^[26], i-remdesivir inciphisa isikhathi sokwelashwa ezigulini ezingeniswe e-ICU.

Ukuvuselelwa kukaNovemba 5, 2020:

Umbiko wokugcina wocwaningo olwenziwa e-United States ngeRemdesivir ukhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalo muthi, empeleni, kunciphisa isikhathi esimaphakathi sokululama kubantu abadala abasesibhedlela, kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-15 kuye kweziyi-10 ^[31].

Isibuyekezo sikaNovemba 19, 2020:

I-FDA e-United States ikhiphe ukugunyazwa okuphuthumayo ^[32] okuvumela ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kweRemdesivir nomuthi iBaricitinib, ekwelapheni iziguli ezinesifo esibi se-coronavirus futhi ezidinga umoya-mpilo noma umoya omncane.

Ukuvuselelwa kukaNovemba 20, 2020:

I-WHO yeluleke ngokusetshenziswa kwe-Remdesivir ekwelashweni kweziguli ezine-COVID-19 ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwemininingwane efakazela ukuthi i-Remdesivir inciphisa izinga lokufa.

4. I-Dexamethasone

I-Dexamethasone uhlobo lwe-corticosteroid esetshenziswa kakhulu ezigulini ezinezinkinga zokuphefumula ezingapheli, njenge-asthma, kepha ingasetshenziswa nakwezinye izinkinga zokuvuvukala, njenge-arthritis noma ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba. Le mithi ihlolwe njengendlela yokwehlisa izimpawu ze-COVID-19, njengoba ingasiza ekwehliseni ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.

Ngokwesifundo esenziwa e-UK ^[18], i-dexamethasone ibonakala iyisidakamizwa sokuqala esihlolwe ukwehlisa kakhulu izinga lokufa kweziguli ezibucayi ezine-COVID-19. Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo, i-dexamethasone yakwazi ukwehlisa izinga lokufa kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-28 ngemuva kokutheleleka nge-coronavirus entsha, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadinga ukusizwa ngomshini wokuphefumula noma ukufaka i-oxygen.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-dexamethasone ayiqedi i-coronavirus emzimbeni, isiza kuphela ekunciphiseni izimpawu futhi igweme izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu.

Isibuyekezo sikaJuni 19, 2020:

I-Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases yancoma ukusetshenziswa kwe-dexamethasone izinsuku eziyi-10 ekwelapheni zonke iziguli ezine-COVID-19 ezingeniswe e-ICU ngokungeniswa komoya noma ezidinga ukuthola i-oxygen. Kodwa-ke, ama-corticosteroids akufanele asetshenziswe ezimweni ezimnene noma njengendlela yokuvimbela ukutheleleka ^[19].

Vuselela ngoJulayi 17, 2020:

Ngokuya ngocwaningo lwesayensi olwenziwe e-United Kingdom ^[24], ukwelashwa nge-dexamethasone izinsuku eziyi-10 zilandelana kubonakala kunciphisa izinga lokufa kweziguli ezinesifo esibi kakhulu yi-coronavirus entsha, edinga umshini wokuphefumula. Kulezi zimo, izinga lokufa libukeka lehla lisuka ku-41.4% laya ku-29.3%. Kwezinye iziguli, umphumela wokwelashwa nge-dexamethasone awukhombisanga imiphumela enjalo emakiwe.

Vuselela Septhemba 2, 2020:

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta okusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo kwe-7 ^[29] uphethe ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-dexamethasone namanye ama-corticosteroids kunganciphisa ukufa kwabantu ezigulini ezibucayi ezitheleleke nge-COVID-19.

Vuselela Septhemba 18, 2020:

I-European Medicines Agency (EMA) ^[30] ivume ukusetshenziswa kwe-dexamethasone ekwelashweni kwentsha nabantu abadala abatheleleke nge-coronavirus entsha, abadinga ukwesekwa komoya-mpilo noma imishini yokungenisa umoya.

5. I-Hydroxychloroquine ne-chloroquine

I-Hydroxychloroquine, kanye ne-chloroquine, yizinto ezimbili ezisetshenziswa ekwelapheni iziguli ezine-malaria, i-lupus nezinye izinkinga ezithile zempilo, kepha ezingathathwa njengeziphephile kuzo zonke izimo ze-COVID-19.

Ucwaningo lwenziwa eFrance ^[4] naseChina ^[5], ikhombise imiphumela ethembisayo ye-chloroquine ne-hydroxychloroquine ekwehliseni inani legciwane egazini nasekunciphiseni ukuthuthwa kwegciwane lingene kumaseli, kunciphise ikhono legciwane lokuziphindaphinda, okwenza ukuthi kube nokululama ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, lezi zifundo zenziwa ngamasampuli amancane futhi akusikho konke ukuhlolwa okwakukhona.

Okwamanje, ngokusho koMnyango Wezempilo waseBrazil, i-chloroquine ingasetshenziswa kuphela kubantu abangeniswe esibhedlela, izinsuku ezinhlanu, ngaphansi kokubhekwa unomphela, ukuhlola ukubonakala kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu, njengezinkinga zenhliziyo noma ushintsho kumbono .

Ukuvuselelwa kuka-Ephreli 4, 2020:

Olunye lwezifundo eziqhubekayo, nokusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-hydroxychloroquine kanye ne-antibiotic azithromycin ^[9], eFrance, wethule imiphumela ethembisayo eqenjini leziguli ezingama-80 ezinezimpawu ezilinganiselayo ze-COVID-19. Kuleli qembu, kwehla ukwehla okuphawulekayo kumthamo wegciwane le-coronavirus entsha emzimbeni, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-8 zokwelashwa, okungaphansi kwesilinganiso samasonto amathathu esethulwe ngabantu abangazange bathole ukwelashwa okuthile.

Kulolu phenyo, ezigulini ezingama-80 ezifundwe, umuntu oyedwa kuphela ogcine ngokushona, njengoba ebezolaliswa esibhedlela esesigabeni esiphambili kakhulu sokutheleleka, okungenzeka ukuthi kuphazamise ukwelashwa.

Le miphumela iyaqhubeka nokuxhasa inkolelo yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxychloroquine kungaba yindlela ephephile yokwelapha ukutheleleka kwe-COVID-19, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zezimpawu ezinesizotha, kuya ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokudluliswa kwezifo. Noma kunjalo, kuyadingeka ukulinda imiphumela yezinye izifundo ezenziwa nomuthi, ukuthola imiphumela ngesampula elikhulu labantu.

Ukuvuselelwa kuka-Ephreli 23, 2020:

IFederal Council of Medicine yaseBrazil ivume ukusetshenziswa kweHydroxychloroquine ngokuhlangana neAzithromycin ngokubona kukadokotela, ezigulini ezinezimpawu ezimnene noma ezilinganiselayo, kepha ezingadingi ukwamukelwa kwe-ICU, lapho okunye ukutheleleka ngegciwane, njenge-Influenza noma i-H1N1 , futhi ukuxilongwa kwe-COVID-19 kuqinisekisiwe ^[12].

Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokushoda kwemiphumela eqinile yesayensi, le nhlanganisela yemithi kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngemvume yesiguli nangencomo kadokotela, ngemuva kokuhlola ubungozi obukhona.

Ukuvuselelwa kukaMeyi 22, 2020:

Ngokuya ngocwaningo olwenziwe eMelika neziguli ezingama-811 ^[13], ukusetshenziswa kwe-Chloroquine ne-Hydroxychloroquine, ehambisana noma cha ne-azithromycin, akubonakali kunemiphumela ezuzisayo ekwelapheni i-COVID-19, kubukeka sengathi kuliphinda kabili izinga lokufa kweziguli, ngoba le mithi inyusa ubungozi bezinkinga zokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi i-arrhythmia ne-atrial fibrillation.

Kuze kube manje, lolu ucwaningo olukhulu kunalo lonke olwenziwe nge-hydroxychloroquine ne-chloroquine. Njengoba imiphumela eyethulwayo iphikisana nalokho okushiwoyo ngalezi zidakamizwa, kusadingeka ezinye izifundo.

Ukuvuselelwa kukaMeyi 25, 2020:

Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (i-WHO) ilumise okwesikhashana ucwaningo nge-hydroxychloroquine eyayihlanganisa emazweni amaningi. Ukumiswa kufanele kugcinwe kuze kube yilapho ukuvikeleka komuthi kuhlolwe kabusha.

Ukuvuselelwa kukaMeyi 30, 2020:

Isimo sase-Espírito Santo, eBrazil, sayisusa inkomba yokusetshenziswa kwe-chloroquine ezigulini ezine-COVID-19 ezimweni ezibucayi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abashushisi abavela ku-Federal Public Ministry yaseSão Paulo, eRio de Janeiro, eSergipe nasePernambuco bacela ukumiswa kwemithetho ekhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxychloroquine ne-chloroquine ekwelapheni iziguli ezine-COVID-19.

Isibuyekezo sikaJuni 4, 2020:

Umagazini iLancet ukuhoxisile ukushicilelwa kocwaningo lweziguli ezingama-811 okukhombise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxychloroquine ne-chloroquine akubanga nemiphumela emihle ekwelapheni i-COVID-19, ngenxa yobunzima bokuthola imininingwane eyinhloko evezwe ocwaningweni.

Isibuyekezo sikaJuni 15, 2020:

I-FDA, okuyinhlangano eyinhloko elawula izidakamizwa yase-United States, ihoxise imvume ephuthumayo yokusetshenziswa kwe-chloroquine ne-hydroxychloroquine ekwelapheni i-COVID-19 ^[17], kuthethelelwa izinga eliphezulu lobungozi besidakamizwa kanye namandla abonakalayo aphansi ekwelapheni i-coronavirus entsha.

Vuselela ngoJulayi 17, 2020:

IBrazil Society Yezifo Ezithathelwanayo ^[25] uncoma ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxychloroquine ekwelapheni i-COVID-19 kuyekwe, kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokutheleleka.

Ukuvuselelwa kukaJulayi 23, 2020:

Ngokocwaningo lwaseBrazil ^[27], okwenziwe ngokuhlanganyela phakathi kuka-Albert Einstein, HCor, Sírio-Libanês, Moinhos de Vento, Oswaldo Cruz kanye ne-Beneficência Portuguesa Izibhedlela, ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxychloroquine, ehambisana noma cha ne-azithromycin, akubonakali kunomthelela ekwelapheni igciwane elincane kuya kwelincane iziguli ezine-coronavirus entsha.

6. I-Colchicine

Ngokwesifundo esenziwe eCanada ^[38], colchicine, umuthi osetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni izinkinga ze-rheumatological, njenge-gout, ungasiza ekwelapheni iziguli ezine-COVID-19.

Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, iqembu leziguli elelashwa ngalo muthi selokhu kwatholakala ukuthi kunesifo, uma liqhathaniswa neqembu ebelisebenzisa i-placebo, likhombise ukwehla okuphezulu engcupheni yokuthola uhlobo olubi lokutheleleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuncishisiwe namazinga okulaliswa kwabantu ezibhedlela nawokufa.

7. I-Mefloquine

IMefloquine yisidakamizwa esiboniswe ukuvimbela nokwelashwa komalaleveva, kubantu abahlose ukuhambela izindawo ezinabantu abaningi. Ngokuya ngezifundo ezenziwa eChina nase-Italy^[6], uhlobo lwemithi yokwelapha lapho i-mefloquine ihlanganiswa khona nezinye izidakamizwa ifundwa eRussia ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo ekulawuleni isifo se-COVID-19, kepha ayikho imiphumela eqinisekile okwamanje.

Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-mefloquine ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-coronavirus entsha akukanconywa ngoba kudingeka izifundo eziningi ukuze kufakazelwe ukusebenza nokuphepha kwayo.

8. I-Tocilizumab

I-Tocilizumab umuthi owehlisa ukusebenza kohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba, ngakho-ke, uvame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni iziguli ezine-rheumatoid arthritis, ukwehlisa ukusabela okwandayo kwamasosha omzimba, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuqeda izimpawu.

Le mithi ifundelwa ukusiza ekwelapheni i-COVID-19, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezithuthuke kakhulu zokutheleleka, lapho kunenqwaba yezinto zokuvuvukala ezikhiqizwa amasosha omzimba, ezingasenza sibe sibi isimo somtholampilo.

Ngokwesifundo esenziwe eChina ^[10] ezigulini eziyi-15 ezitheleleke nge-COVID-19, ukusetshenziswa kwe-tocilizumab kukhombise ukusebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu futhi kudala imiphumela emibi embalwa, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-corticosteroids, okuyizidakamizwa ngokuvamile ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuvuvukala okwenziwa ukuphendula komzimba.

Noma kunjalo, kufanele kwenziwe ezinye izifundo, ukuqonda ukuthi imuphi umthamo omuhle kakhulu, unqume uhlobo lwemithi yokwelashwa futhi uthole ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela engemihle engaba khona.

Ukuvuselelwa kuka-Ephreli 29, 2020:

Ngokusho kocwaningo olusha olwenziwe eChina ngeziguli ezingama-21 ezitheleleke nge-COVID-19^[14], ukwelashwa nge-tocilizumab kubonakala kukwazi ukunciphisa izimpawu zokutheleleka ngemuva nje kokuphathwa komuthi, ukunciphisa umkhuhlane, ukukhulula umuzwa wokuqina esifubeni nokwenza ngcono amazinga e-oxygen.

Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ezigulini ezinezimpawu ezinzima zokutheleleka futhi luphakamisa ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-tocilizumab kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu lapho isiguli sisuka esimweni esilinganisiwe siye esimweni esibi sokutheleleka nge-coronavirus entsha.

Vuselela ngoJulayi 11, 2020:

Ucwaningo olusha olwenziwe yi-University of Michigan e-United States ^[28], uphethe ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-tocilizumab ezigulini ezine-COVID-19 kubonakala kunciphisa izinga lokufa kweziguli ezinomoya, yize kukhuphule ubungozi bokunye ukutheleleka.

9. Iplasma ye-Convalescent

I-plasma yeConvalescent wuhlobo lokwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo lapho kuthathwa khona isampula yegazi, kubantu asebevele bethelelekile nge-coronavirus futhi ababuye bathola, abese bethola izinqubo ezithile ze-centrifugation ukwehlukanisa i-plasma kumaseli abomvu egazi. Ekugcineni, le plasma ifakwa kumuntu ogulayo ukusiza amasosha omzimba alwe naleli gciwane.

Umbono walolu hlobo lwezokwelapha ukuthi ama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngumzimba womuntu obengenwe yilesi sifo, futhi asala egazini, angadluliselwa egazini lomunye umuntu osenesifo, esiza ukuqinisa umkhuhlane kanye nokwenza lula ukuqeda igciwane.

Ngokusho kweTechnical Note No. 21 ekhishwe yi-Anvisa, eBrazil, i-plasma yokululama ingasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kokuhlola ezigulini ezinesifo se-coronavirus entsha, inqobo nje uma kulandelwa yonke imithetho ye-Health Surveillance. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amacala asebenzisa i-plasma yokululama ekwelapheni i-COVID-19 kumele abikwe kwiGeneral Coordination of Blood and Blood Products yoMnyango Wezempilo.

10. I-Avifavir

I-Avifavir ngumuthi okhiqizwa eRussia onesithako saso esisebenzayo i-favipiravir, ngokusho kwe Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) ^[21] iyakwazi ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwe-coronavirus, ifakiwe ezinhlelweni zokwelashwa nokuvikela ze-COVID-19 eRussia.

Ngokuya ngocwaningo olwenziwe, zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10, i-Avifavir yayingenayo imiphumela emibi emisha futhi, kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-4, iziguli ezingama-65% ezazelashwa zazinokuhlolwa okungekuhle kwe-COVID-19.

11. IBaricitinib

I-FDA igunyaze ukusetshenziswa okuphuthumayo kwesidakamizwa i-Baricitinib ekwelapheni izifo ezibucayi ze-COVID-19 ^[32]ngokuhlanganiswa ne-Remdesivir. IBaricitinib yinto enciphisa ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba, inciphisa ukusebenza kwama-enzyme akhuthaza ukuvuvukala futhi ngaphambili yayisetshenziswa ezimweni zesifo samathambo.

Ngokusho kwe-FDA, le nhlanganisela ingasetshenziswa ezigulini zabantu abadala nasezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwemibili, zilaliswe esibhedlela futhi zidinga ukwelashwa nge-oxygen noma nge-mechanical ventilation.

12. I-EXO-CD24

I-EXO-CD24 yisidakamizwa esikhonjiswe ekwelashweni ngomdlavuza wesibeletho futhi yakwazi ukwelapha iziguli ezingama-29 kwezingama-30 ezine-COVID-19. Kodwa-ke, kusenziwa izifundo eziningi, ngenani elikhulu labantu, ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lo muthi uzosebenza yini ekwelapheni lesi sifo nomthamo obhekwa njengophephile ukusetshenziswa.

Izinketho zemithi yemvelo ze-coronavirus

Kuze kube manje azikho izixazululo zemvelo eziqinisekisiwe zokuqeda i-coronavirus nokusiza ukwelapha i-COVID-19, noma kunjalo, i-WHO iyaqaphela ukuthi isitshalo I-Artemisia annua kungasiza ekwelashweni ^[11], ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ukutholakala kwemithi kunzima khona futhi isitshalo sisetshenziswa emithini yendabuko, njengoba kwenzeka ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zase-Afrika.

Amaqabunga esitshalo I-Artemisia annua asetshenziswa ngokwesiko e-Afrika ukusiza ekwelapheni umalaleveva, ngakho-ke, i-WHO iyabona ukuthi kunesidingo sezifundo zokuqonda ukuthi ngabe lesi sitshalo singasetshenziswa yini ekwelapheni i-COVID-19, ngoba eminye imithi yokwenziwa elwa nomalaleveva nayo ikhombisile imiphumela ethembisayo .

Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sitshalo akuqinisekisiwe ngokumelene ne-COVID-19 nokuthi kudingeka olunye uphenyo.