Izimungumungwane zaseJalimane (Rubella)

-Delile

• Siyini isimungumungwane saseJalimane?
• Ziyini izimpawu zesimungumungwane saseJalimane?
• Yini ebangela isimungumungwane saseJalimane?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-German Mmeasles?
• Isimungumungwane saseJalimane sibathinta kanjani abesifazane abakhulelwe?
• Sitholakala kanjani isimungumungwane saseJalimane?
• Silashwa kanjani isimungumungwane saseJalimane?
• Ngingavimbela kanjani ama-Mmeasles aseJalimane?

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Siyini isimungumungwane saseJalimane?

Isimungumungwane saseJalimane, esaziwa nangokuthi i-rubella, ukutheleleka ngegciwane okubangela ukuqubuka okubomvu emzimbeni. Ngaphandle kokuqubuka, abantu abanesimungumungwane saseJalimane bavame ukuba nomkhuhlane nama-lymph node avuvukile. Ukutheleleka kungasakazeka kumuntu kuye ngokuxhumana namaconsi avela ekuthimuleni noma ukukhwehlela komuntu onegciwane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungathola isimungumungwane saseJalimane uma uthinta umlomo wakho, ikhala, noma amehlo ngemuva kokuthinta into enamaconsi avela kumuntu onegciwane kuyo. Ungase futhi uthole isimungumungwane saseJalimane ngokwabelana ngokudla noma iziphuzo nomuntu othelelekile.

Isimungumungwane saseJalimane siyivelakancane e-United States. Ngokwethulwa komuthi wokugomela i-rubella ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960, izehlakalo zesimungumungwane saseJalimane zehla kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo sisavamile kwezinye izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba. Kakhulu kuthinta izingane, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphakathi kweminyaka emihlanu nengu-9 ubudala, kepha kungenzeka nakubantu abadala.

Isimungumungwane saseJalimane imvamisa ukutheleleka okuncane okuphela kungapheli isonto elilodwa, ngisho nangaphandle kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kungaba yisimo esibi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ngoba kungadala isifo se-rubella syndrome esibelethweni. I-Congenital rubella syndrome ingaphazamisa ukukhula kwengane futhi idale ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa, njengokungajwayelekile kwenhliziyo, ukungezwa nokulimala kwengqondo. Kubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma ukhulelwe futhi usola ukuthi unesimungumungwane saseJalimane.

Ziyini izimpawu zesimungumungwane saseJalimane?

Izimpawu zesimungumungwane saseJalimane zivame ukuba mncane kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukuzibona. Lapho izimpawu zenzeka, zivame ukukhula phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngemuva kokuvezwa kokuqala kwaleli gciwane. Imvamisa zihlala cishe izinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa futhi zingafaka:

• ukuqubuka okubomvana noma okubomvu okuqala ebusweni bese kusakazeka kwehle kuye wonke umzimba
• umkhuhlane omncane, imvamisa ungaphansi kuka-102 ° F
• ama-lymph node avuvukile nethenda
• ikhala eligijimayo noma eligcwele
• ikhanda
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• amehlo avuvukile noma abomvu

Yize lezi zimpawu zingabonakala zingathí sina, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma usola ukuthi unesimungumungwane saseJalimane. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ukhulelwe noma ukholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukhulelwe.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, isimungumungwane saseJalimane singaholela ekungenweni yizindlebe nokuvuvukala kobuchopho. Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kokutheleleka ngesimungumungwane saseJalimane:

• ukuphathwa ikhanda isikhathi eside
• indlebe
• intamo elukhuni

Yini ebangela isimungumungwane saseJalimane?

Isimungumungwane saseJalimane sibangelwa igciwane le-rubella. Leli yigciwane elithelelwana kakhulu elingasakazeka ngokuxhumana okuseduze noma emoyeni. Ingadlulela kumuntu iye komunye umuntu ngokuthintana namaconsi amancane ketshezi avela emakhaleni nasemphinjeni lapho ethimula futhi ekhwehlela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungathola igciwane ngokuhogela amaconsi omuntu onegciwane noma ngokuthinta into engcoliswe amaconsi. Izimungumungwane zaseJalimane nazo zingadluliselwa zisuka kowesifazane okhulelwe ziye enganeni yakhe ekhulayo ngokuhamba kwegazi.

Abantu abanesimungumungwane saseJalimane bayathathelana kakhulu kusukela ngesonto elandulela ukuqubuka kuvela kuze kube cishe amasonto amabili ukuqubuka kuphelile. Bangalisabalalisa leli gciwane bengazi nakancane ukuthi banalo.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-German Mmeasles?

Isimungumungwane saseJalimane asivamile kakhulu e-United States, ngenxa yemithi yokugoma ehlinzeka ngokuzivikela impilo yonke ku-virus ye-rubella. Izimo eziningi zesimungumungwane saseJalimane zenzeka kubantu abahlala emazweni anganikeli ukugoma okuvamile okulwa ne-rubella.

Umuthi wokugomela i-rubella uvame ukunikezwa izingane lapho ziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 nezingu-15 ubudala, bese ziphinda futhi lapho ziphakathi kweminyaka engu-4 nengu-6. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingane nezinsana ezisencane ezingakayitholi yonke imigomo zinomuthi omkhulu ingozi yokuthola isimungumungwane saseJalimane.

Ukugwema izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, abesifazane abaningi abakhulelwayo banikezwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuqinisekisa ukungavikeleki kwe-rubella. Kubalulekile ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ungakaze uthole umuthi wokugoma futhi ucabange ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uvezwe i-rubella.

Isimungumungwane saseJalimane sibathinta kanjani abesifazane abakhulelwe?

Lapho owesifazane ethola isimungumungwane saseJalimane ngesikhathi ekhulelwe, leli gciwane lingadluliselwa enganeni yakhe ekhulayo ngokuhamba kwegazi layo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-congenital rubella syndrome. I-Congenital rubella syndrome iyinkinga ebucayi yezempilo, ngoba ingadala ukuphuphuma kwezisu nokuzala okushonile. Kungadala ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa ezinganeni ezithwalwa ziye esikhathini, kufaka phakathi:

• ukukhula okubambezelekile
• ukukhubazeka ngokwengqondo
• ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo
• ukungezwa
• izitho ezingasebenzi kahle

Abesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala bokuzala kufanele babe nokuvikeleka kwabo ku-rubella ihlolwe ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Uma kudingeka umuthi wokugoma, kubalulekile ukuwuthola okungenani izinsuku ezingama-28 ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa.

Sitholakala kanjani isimungumungwane saseJalimane?

Njengoba isimungumungwane saseJalimane sibonakala sifana namanye amagciwane abangela ukuqubuka, udokotela wakho uzokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kungabheka ubukhona bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-antibella e-rubella egazini lakho. Ama-antibody amaphrotheni abona futhi aqede izinto eziyingozi, njengama-virus namagciwane. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe unalo yini igciwane njengamanje noma awunalo igciwane kulo.

Silashwa kanjani isimungumungwane saseJalimane?

Izimo eziningi zesimungumungwane saseJalimane zelashwa ekhaya. Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi uphumule embhedeni futhi uthathe i-acetaminophen (iTylenol), engasiza ekunciphiseni ukungakhululeki emkhuhlaneni nasezinhlungwini. Bangaphinde bancome ukuthi uhlale ekhaya ungasebenzi noma isikole ukuvimbela ukusabalalisa igciwane kwabanye.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangalashwa ngama-antibody abizwa nge-hyperimmune globulin angalwa negciwane. Lokhu kungasiza ukunciphisa izimpawu zakho. Kodwa-ke, kusekhona ithuba lokuthi ingane yakho izoba ne-rubella syndrome ezalwa nayo. Izingane ezizalwa zine-rubella yokuzalwa zizodinga ukwelashwa eqenjini labachwepheshe. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ukhathazekile ngokudlulisela isimungumungwane saseJalimane enganeni yakho.

Ngingavimbela kanjani ama-Mmeasles aseJalimane?

Kubantu abaningi, ukugoma kuyindlela ephephile nephumelelayo yokuvikela isimungumungwane saseJalimane. Umuthi wokugomela i-rubella uvame ukuhlanganiswa nemithi yokugomela isimungumungwane noqhubu kanye ne-varicella, igciwane elibanga umkhuhlane wenkukhu.

Le mithi yokugoma ivamise ukunikezwa izingane eziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 nezili-15 ubudala. Kuzodingeka futhi i-booster shot lapho izingane ziphakathi kweminyaka engu-4 nengu-6 ubudala. Njengoba imigomo iqukethe imithamo emincane yegciwane, imfiva emincane nokuqubuka kungenzeka.

Uma ungazi noma ngabe ugonyelwe isimungumungwane saseJalimane, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe amasosha omzimba wakho, ikakhulukazi uma:

• ungowesifazane oseminyakeni yokuzala futhi awukhulelwe
• ukuya esikhungweni semfundo
• sebenza esikhungweni sezokwelapha noma esikoleni
• uhlela ukuya ezweni elinganikeli umuthi wokugomela i-rubella

Ngenkathi umuthi wokugomela i-rubella imvamisa ungeyona ingozi, igciwane elisesithombeni lingadala ukusabela okungekuhle kwabanye abantu. Akufanele ugonywe uma unamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngenxa yesinye isifo, ukhulelwe, noma uhlela ukukhulelwa phakathi nenyanga ezayo.