Izimpawu eziyi-12 ezingakhombisa umdlavuza

-Delile

• 1. Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kokunciphisa umzimba noma ukuzivocavoca umzimba
• 2. Ukukhathala okukhulu ukwenza imisebenzi emincane
• 3. Ubuhlungu obungapheli
• 4. Imfiva efika idlule, ngaphandle kokudla umuthi
• 5. Izinguquko esitulweni
• 6. Ubuhlungu lapho uchama noma umchamo omnyama
• 7. Kuthatha isikhathi ukupholisa amanxeba
• 8. Ukopha
• 9. Amabala esikhumba
• 10. Izigaxa nokuvuvukala kwamanzi
• 11. Ukuklinya kaningi
• 12. Ukuluma nokukhwehlela isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amathathu
• Okufanele ukwenze uma usola umdlavuza
• Kungani unaka izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza?
• Umdlavuza uvela kanjani
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ukuhlinzwa
• I-Radiotherapy
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• I-Immunotherapy
• Ukwelashwa kweHormone
• Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo
• I-Phosphoethanolamine

Umdlavuza kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba ungadala izimpawu ezijwayelekile njengokulahleka okungaphezu kuka-6 kg ngaphandle kokudla, uhlale ukhathele kakhulu noma unezinhlungu ezingapheli. Kodwa-ke, ukufika ekutholeni okuyikho kuyadingeka ukwenza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukukhipha okunye ukucabanga.

Imvamisa umdlavuza utholakala lapho umuntu enezimpawu ezithile, ezingabonakala ngobusuku obubodwa, ngaphandle kwencazelo noma njengomphumela wesifo esingalashwa kahle. Kungenzeka kanjani lapho isilonda esiswini siqhubekela kumdlavuza wesisu, ngokwesibonelo. Bona ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesisu.

Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka usola, kufanele uye kudokotela ukuze enze zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo, ngoba ukuxilonga umdlavuza kusenesikhathi kwandisa amathuba okwelashwa.

1. Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kokunciphisa umzimba noma ukuzivocavoca umzimba

Ukwehla kwesisindo esisheshayo kuze kufike ku-10% wesisindo sokuqala enyangeni e-1, ngaphandle kokudla noma ukuvivinya umzimba okuqinile kuyisifo esivamile kubantu ababa nomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wamanyikwe, isisu noma umphimbo, kodwa ongabonakala nakwezinye izinhlobo. Yazi ezinye izifo ezingadala ukwehla kwesisindo.

2. Ukukhathala okukhulu ukwenza imisebenzi emincane

Kujwayelekile ukuthi abantu abakha umdlavuza babe nokulahlekelwa yigazi noma ukulahleka kwegazi ngezihlalo zabo, ngokwesibonelo, okuholela ekwehleni kwamaseli abomvu egazi kanye nokwehla komoya-mpilo egazini, kubangele ukukhathala okukhulu noma ngabe benza imisebenzi emincane, njengokukhuphuka ezinye izitebhisi noma ukuzama ukwendlala umbhede, isibonelo.

Lokhu kukhathala kungenzeka nasemdlavuza wamaphaphu, ngoba isimila singathatha amaseli amaningana anempilo futhi sinciphise umsebenzi wokuphefumula, okuholele ekukhathaleni okuya ngokuya kuba kubi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanezigameko ezithuthukile zomdlavuza nabo bangathola ukukhathala ekuseni kakhulu ngemuva kokuvuka, noma ngabe balale ubusuku bonke.

3. Ubuhlungu obungapheli

Ubuhlungu bendawo esifundeni esithile buvame ezinhlotsheni eziningana zomdlavuza, njengomdlavuza wobuchopho, ithambo, i-ovary, i-testis noma amathumbu. Ezimweni eziningi, lobu buhlungu abudambisi ukuphumula futhi abudalwa ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile noma ezinye izifo, ezinjengesifo samathambo noma ukulimala kwemisipha. Ubuhlungu obuphikelelayo abudluli nganoma iyiphi enye into njengokucindezelwa okubandayo noma okushisayo, kuphela ngamaphilisi ezinhlungu aqinile.

4. Imfiva efika idlule, ngaphandle kokudla umuthi

Imfiva engajwayelekile ingaba uphawu lomdlavuza, njenge-leukemia noma i-lymphoma, evela ngenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Ngokuvamile, umkhuhlane ubonakala izinsuku ezimbalwa bese unyamalala ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphuza umuthi, uphinde uvele ungazinzile futhi ungaxhunyaniswa nezinye izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane.

5. Izinguquko esitulweni

Ukuba nokuhlukahluka kwamathumbu, njengezitokisi ezinzima kakhulu noma isifo sohudo isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ayisithupha, kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo kungahle kube nezinguquko ezinkulu kuphethini wamathumbu, njengokuthi kube nezitulo ezinzima kakhulu izinsuku ezithile futhi, kwezinye izinsuku, isifo sohudo, ngaphezu kwesisu esivuvukile, igazi elindle, isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Lokhu kwehlukahluka kwephethini lesitulo kufanele kube nokuphikelela futhi kungahlobene nokudla nezinye izifo zamathumbu, ezinjengamathumbu acasulayo.

6. Ubuhlungu lapho uchama noma umchamo omnyama

Iziguli ezinomdlavuza zingathola ubuhlungu lapho zichama, umchamo unegazi kanye nesifiso sokuchama kaningi, okuyizimpawu ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesinye noma wesinye. Kodwa-ke, lolu phawu luvame nokutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo ngakho-ke kufanele kwenziwe umchamo ukukhipha le hypothesis.

7. Kuthatha isikhathi ukupholisa amanxeba

Ukuvela kwamanxeba kunoma yisiphi isifunda somzimba, njengomlomo, isikhumba noma isitho sangasese sowesifazane, isibonelo, okuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa ukuphola, futhi kungakhombisa umdlavuza zisencane, njengoba amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka futhi kukhona ukwehla kwamaplatelet abhekene nokusiza ukwelashwa kokulimala. Kodwa-ke, ukubambezeleka kokuphulukiswa nakho kwenzeka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, okungaba wuphawu lwesifo sikashukela esingalawulwa.

8. Ukopha

Ukopha kungaba futhi wuphawu lomdlavuza, olungenzeka esigabeni sokuqala noma esithuthuke kakhulu, futhi igazi lingavela ekukhwehleleni, esitulweni, emchameni noma kwingono, ngokwesibonelo, kuya ngesifunda somzimba othintekile.

Ukopha kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngaphandle kokuya esikhathini, ukukhipha okumnyama, ukulangazelela njalo ukuchama nokuqaqamba kokuya esikhathini kungakhombisa umdlavuza wesibeletho. Bheka ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu nezimpawu ezingakhombisa umdlavuza wesibeletho.

9. Amabala esikhumba

Umdlavuza ungadala ushintsho esikhunjeni, njengamabala amnyama, isikhumba esiphuzi, amabala abomvu noma ansomi anamachashazi nesikhumba esinolaka esidala ukulunywa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvela kombala, ukwakheka nosayizi wensumpa, uphawu, ibala noma ibala lesikhumba kungavela, okungakhombisa umdlavuza wesikhumba noma olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza.

10. Izigaxa nokuvuvukala kwamanzi

Ukuvela kwezigaxa noma izigaxa kungavela kunoma yisiphi isifunda somzimba, esifubeni noma emasendeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungahle kube nokuvuvukala kwesisu, ngenxa yokwandiswa kwesibindi, ubende kanye ne-thymus nokuvuvukala kwezilimi ezitholakala emakhwapheni, emgodini nasentanyeni, isibonelo. Lesi sibonakaliso singaba khona ezinhlotsheni eziningana zomdlavuza.

11. Ukuklinya kaningi

Ezigulini ezinomdlavuza, ubunzima bokugwinya bungavela, budale ukukhwehlela nokukhwehlela okungapheli, ikakhulukazi lapho isiguli sithola umdlavuza we-esophagus, isisu noma i-pharynx, ngokwesibonelo.

Ulimi oluvuvukile entanyeni nasolimini, isisu esikhulisiwe, isithunzi, ukujuluka, amabala ansomi esikhunjeni nobuhlungu emathanjeni kungakhombisa i-Leukemia.

12. Ukuluma nokukhwehlela isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amathathu

Ukuba nokukhwehlela okungapheli, ukuphefumula okuncane nezwi elihoshozelayo kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu, umphimbo noma umdlavuza we-thyroid. Ukukhwehlela okungapheli, okuhambisana nobuhlungu beqolo, ukuphefumula kanye nokukhathala okukhulu kungakhombisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ezinye izimpawu ezingakhombisa nomdlavuza kubantu besifazane ushintsho kusayizi webele, ububomvu, ukwakheka kwamaqhuqhuva noma izilonda esikhunjeni eduze kwengono noketshezi oluvuza ingono, olungakhombisa umdlavuza webele.

Ukuba khona kwalezi zimpawu akusho njalo ukuthi kukhona isimila, kepha-ke, zingaphakamisa ukuthi kube khona ushintsho oluthile, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze uhlole isimo sempilo, ikakhulukazi abantu abane umlando womdlavuza emndenini.

Okufanele ukwenze uma usola umdlavuza

Uma kwenzeka unomdlavuza osolwayo, kufanele uye kudokotela uyohlola igazi njenge-PSA, i-CEA noma i-CA 125, ngokwesibonelo, futhi amanani avame ukukhushulwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angakhombisa ukuskena kwe-ultrasound noma i-MRI ukubheka isitho bese eqinisekisa ukusola komdlavuza, futhi kokunye, kungadingeka ukwenza olunye uvivinyo lokucabanga noma i-biopsy. Bona ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuthola umdlavuza.

Ngemuva kokwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lomdlavuza umuntu analo, udokotela ubuye akhombise wonke amathuba okwelashwa ngisho nezinga lokwelashwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Kungani unaka izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza?

Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza, uphendukele kudokotela ngokushesha nje lapho uzwa noma yiziphi izimpawu noma izimpawu, njengoba ukwelashwa kusebenza kakhulu lapho umdlavuza utholakala kusenesikhathi, unamathuba amancane okusabalala kwabanye izifunda zomzimba, ngaleyo ndlela akhona amathuba amakhulu okwelashwa.

Ngale ndlela, akukho zimpawu noma izimpawu okufanele zinganakwa, ikakhulukazi uma ngabe ibikhona isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa.

Umdlavuza uvela kanjani

Umdlavuza ungavela kunoma yimuphi umuntu, kunoma yisiphi isigaba sempilo futhi ubonakala ngokukhula okungahambi kahle kwamanye amangqamuzana, okungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwesitho esithile. Lokhu kukhula okuphazamisekile kungenzeka ngokushesha futhi izimpawu zivele emasontweni ambalwa, noma zingenzeka kancane, bese kuthi ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi kuvele izimpawu zokuqala.

Umdlavuza ungabuye uhlobane nezinkinga ezifana nokwanda kwesifo esithile, kepha kunezinye izinto ezihlobene nokubhema, ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunamafutha amaningi kanye nokuchayeka kuzinsimbi ezisindayo.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ngemuva kokutholakala komdlavuza, udokotela kufanele futhi akhombise isigaba sesimila nokuthi yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa ngoba zingahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka yomuntu, uhlobo lwesimila nesigaba. Izinketho zifaka:

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukususa sonke isimila, ingxenye yaso noma ezinye izicubu ezingathinteka yiso. Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa komdlavuza lukhonjiswa izicubu ezinjengomdlavuza wamakholoni, umdlavuza webele nowendlala yesinye, njengoba zilula ukusebenza.

I-Radiotherapy

Iqukethe ukuvezwa kwemisebe ye-ionizing enganciphisa ubukhulu besimila, futhi ingakhonjiswa ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Isiguli asizwa lutho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kepha ngemuva kweseshini ye-radiotherapy angaba nemiphumela emibi efana nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, isikhumba esibomvu noma esibucayi, esihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela. Ukuphumula kubalulekile ekululameni kwesiguli ngemuva kweseshini ye-radiotherapy.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Waziwa ngokuthatha i-cocktail yezidakamizwa, ngesimo samaphilisi noma imijovo, enikezwa esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokwelashwa.

I-Chemotherapy ingaba nomuthi owodwa kuphela noma ingaba inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa futhi ingaphuzwa kumaphilisi noma ngomjovo. Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali miningi efana ne-anemia, ukulahleka kwezinwele, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, izilonda emlonyeni noma ushintsho ekuzaleni. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali isikhathi eside nakho kungadala i-leukemia, umdlavuza wegazi, yize kuyivelakancane. Bona okuningi mayelana nokuthi ungenzani ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

I-Immunotherapy

Lezi yimithi eyenza umzimba uqobo ukwazi ukubona amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ukulwa nawo ngempumelelo.Imithi eminingi yokwelashwa nge-immunotherapy iyajova futhi isebenza kuwo wonke umzimba, okungadala izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba njengokuqubuka noma ukulunywa, umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu bemisipha noma isicanucanu.

Ukwelashwa kweHormone

Angamaphilisi asebenza ukulwa namahomoni angahle ahlobene nokukhula kwesimila. Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwe-hormone incike emithini esetshenzisiwe noma ekuhlinzweni, kepha ingabandakanya ukungabi namandla, izinguquko zokuya esikhathini, ukungabi nenzalo, isisa sebele, isicanucanu, ikhanda noma ukuhlanza.

Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo

Ingasetshenziswa ezimweni zomdlavuza wamaseli egazi, njenge-leukemia, futhi kuhloselwe ukufaka umongo wethambo onesifo ngamaseli omnkantsha avamile. Ngaphambi kokufakelwa, lowo muntu uthola ukwelashwa ngemithamo ephezulu yamakhemikhali noma imisebe yokuqeda amangqamuzana anomdlavuza noma ajwayelekile womnkantsha, bese ethola ukufakelwa umnkantsha onempilo komunye umuntu ohambisanayo. Imiphumela emibi yokufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo kungaba izifo, isifo sokushoda kwegazi, noma ukwenqaba umnkantsha onempilo.

I-Phosphoethanolamine

I-Phosphoethanolamine yinto edlula ekuhlolweni, ebukeka isebenza ngempumelelo ekulweni nomdlavuza, inyuse amathuba ayo okwelashwa. Le nto iyakwazi ukubona nokuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kepha kudingeka izifundo ezengeziwe ukufakazela ukusebenza kwawo.

Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa kufanele ziqondiswe yi-oncologist futhi zingasetshenziswa zodwa noma zihlanganiswe zodwa ukunciphisa ubungozi be-metastasis, obenzeka lapho isimila sisakazekela kwezinye izifunda zomzimba futhi kwandise namathuba okwelashwa.