Amarabi abantu (i-hydrophobia): kuyini, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungasibona kanjani isilwane esithukuthele
• Ukudluliswa kwenzeka kanjani
• Ukuvimbela kanjani ukutheleleka
• Okufanele ukwenze uma ulunywa isilwane esithukuthele
• Yelashwa kanjani

Amarabi yisifo segciwane lapho uhlelo oluphakathi lwezinzwa (CNS) lubekeka engcupheni futhi lungaholela ekufeni ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-7, uma lesi sifo singelashwa kahle. Lesi sifo singelapheka uma umuntu efuna usizo lwezokwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho elunywa yisilwane esinalo noma lapho kuvela izimpawu.

I-agent ebangela isifo samarabi igciwane le-rabies elinge-oda I-Mononegavirales, umndeni Rhabdoviridae nobulili I-Lyssavirus. Izilwane ezingadlulisela amarabi kubantu ikakhulukazi izinja namakati anolaka, kepha zonke izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele nazo zingatheleleka futhi zidlulisele kubantu. Ezinye izibonelo ngamalulwane adla igazi, izilwane zasemapulazini, impungushe, i-raccoon nezinkawu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu zamarabi kubantu ziqala cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-45 ngemuva kokulunywa kwesilwane esinegciwane, njengoba igciwane kufanele lifinyelele ebuchosheni ngaphambi kokubanga noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo. Ngakho-ke, kujwayelekile ukuthi umuntu alunywe isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokukhombisa izimpawu noma izimpawu.

Kodwa-ke, lapho ziqala ukuvela, izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukufana nalezi zomkhuhlane futhi zifaka:

• Ukugula okuvamile;
• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka;
• Ikhanda;
• Umkhuhlane ophansi;
• Ukuthukuthela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungakhululeki kungahle kuvele nasendaweni yokulunywa, njengokushoshozela noma ukuzwa okuhlabayo.

Njengoba lesi sifo sikhula, ezinye izimpawu ezihlobene nokusebenza kobuchopho ziqala ukuvela, njengokukhathazeka, ukudideka, ukuyaluza, isimilo esingajwayelekile, ukubona izinto ezingekho kanye nokuqwasha.

Lapho kuvela izimpawu ezihlobene nokusebenza kobuchopho, isifo ngokuvamile siyabulala, ngakho-ke, umuntu angangeniswa esibhedlela ukuze nje athathe imishanguzo ngqo emthanjeni futhi azame ukuqeda ukungakhululeki.

Ungasibona kanjani isilwane esithukuthele

Esigabeni sokuqala sokutheleleka, izilwane ezitheleleke ngegciwane le-rabies zingavela ngaphandle kwamandla, ngokuhlanza okungapheli nokuncipha kwesisindo, noma kunjalo, lezi zimpawu zigcina zikhuphukela ekucineni ngokweqile, ekuziphatheni okungajwayelekile nasekuzilimazeni.

Ukudluliswa kwenzeka kanjani

Ukudluliswa kwegciwane lamarabi kwenzeka ngokuthintana ngqo, okusho ukuthi, kuyadingeka ukuthi amathe esilwane noma omuntu onegciwane ahlangane nesilonda esikhunjeni noma ulwelwesi lwamehlo, amakhala noma lomlomo. Ngalesi sizathu, imbangela evame kakhulu yokudluliswa kwamarabi kungukulunywa kwesilwane, futhi kuyivelakancane ukuthi ukudluliswa kwenzeke ngokuklwebheka.

Ukuvimbela kanjani ukutheleleka

Indlela engcono yokuzivikela emarabi ukugoma zonke izinja namakati ngomuthi wamarabi, ngoba ngaleyo ndlela, noma ngabe ulunywa esinye salezi zilwane, ngoba ngeke zingcoliswe, umuntu, uma elunywa, ngeke ngigule.

Ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela ukugwema ukuthintana nezilwane ezilahlekile, ezilahliwe kanye nokuxhumana nezilwane zasendle, noma ngabe zingakabonakali zikhombisa izimpawu zamarabi, njengoba izimpawu zingathatha amasonto noma izinyanga ukubonakala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abasebenza nezilwane bangenza futhi umuthi wokugoma amarabi ube yisivikelo, ngoba basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngaleli gciwane. Bheka ukuthi kufanele wenziwe nini umuthi wokugoma nokuthi ngubani okufanele awuthathe.

Okufanele ukwenze uma ulunywa isilwane esithukuthele

Lapho umuntu elunywa isilwane, noma engakhombisi izimpawu zamarabi, futhi ikakhulukazi uma eyisilwane sasemgwaqeni, kufanele ageze indawo ngensipho namanzi bese eya esikhungweni sezempilo noma egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo ayohlola ubungozi bokuthola amarabi futhi ngaleyo ndlela uqale inqubo yokuvezwa kwegciwane, okuvame ukwenziwa ngemithamo eminingi yokugoma amarabi.

Bona ukuthi wenzeni ngemuva kokulunywa yinja noma ikati.

Yelashwa kanjani

Lapho lo muntu engayanga esibhedlela ngemuva kokulunywa yilo silwane, nezimpawu zokutheleleka sezivele zivele ebuchosheni, kuyanconywa ukuthi isiguli sihlale esibhedlela, ngaphakathi kwe-ICU. Ngokuya ngobunzima, umuntu angagcinwa ehlukanisiwe, ekuthambekeni okujulile nokuphefumula ngamadivayisi. Ngesikhathi sokulaliswa esibhedlela, umuntu udinga ukondliwa ngepayipi le-nasoenteral, kufanele ahlale neshubhu lesinye futhi athathe i-serum emthanjeni.

Uma kuqinisekiswa amarabi, kukhonjiswa amakhambi afana ne-Amantadine neBiopterine, kepha amanye amakhambi angasetshenziswa yiMidazolan, Fentanyl, Nimodipine, Heparin neRanitidine ukuvimbela izinkinga.

Ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe umuntu uyathuthuka yini, kwenziwa izivivinyo eziningi ukulawula amazinga e-sodium, i-arterial blood gas, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-T4 ne-TSH, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwe-cerebrospinal fluid, i-cranial Doppler, i-magnetic resonance kanye ne-computed tomography.

Ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa kokuqedwa ngokuphelele kwegciwane emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo, umuntu angaphila, noma kunjalo, lesi isehlakalo esingajwayelekile, futhi abantu abaningi abanesifo esivele sithuthukile bangagcina belahlekelwe yizimpilo zabo.