Ingabe I-Stroke noma i-Heart Attack?

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu?
• Ziyini izimbangela?
• Izimbangela zesifo sohlangothi
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kubanga
• Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi?
• Ngabe kutholakala kanjani isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi?
• Kuphathwa kanjani isifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi?
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Unhlangothi
• Uyini umbono?
• Ukuvimbela isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi

Ukubuka konke

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi nezokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo zenzeka ngokuzumayo. Yize le micimbi emibili inezimpawu ezimbalwa ezifanayo, ezinye izimpawu zazo ziyehluka.

Uphawu olujwayelekile lwesifo sohlangothi yikhanda elivele ngokuzumayo futhi elinamandla. I-stroke kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlaselwa ubuchopho." Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvame ukuvela ngobuhlungu besifuba.

Ukubona izimpawu ezahlukahlukene zesifo sohlangothi nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekutholeni usizo olufanele.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Izimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo zincike ku:

• ubunzima besiqephu
• iminyaka yakho
• ubulili bakho
• impilo yakho yonke

Izimpawu zingavela ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.

Ziyini izimbangela?

Kokubili ukushaywa nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungenzeka ngenxa yemithambo evimbekile.

Izimbangela zesifo sohlangothi

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sohlangothi isifo sohlangothi esibuhlungu:

• Igazi eligcwele umthambo ngaphakathi kobuchopho linganqamula ukusakazeka liye ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungadala isifo sohlangothi.
• Imithambo ye-carotid ihambisa igazi liye ebuchosheni. Ukwakhiwa kweplaque emthanjeni we-carotid kungaba nomphumela ofanayo.

Olunye uhlobo oluyinhloko lokushaywa unhlangothi isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni uqhekeka futhi igazi lingena ezicutshini ezizungezile. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme odonsa izindonga zemithambo yakho kungadala isifo sohlangothi.

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kubanga

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwenzeka lapho umthambo we-coronary uvinjelwa noma uncipha kakhulu kangangokuba ukugeleza kwegazi kuyeke noma kuvinjelwe kakhulu. Umthambo we-coronary ungumthambo ohambisa igazi emisipheni yenhliziyo.

Ukuvaleka emthanjeni we-coronary kungenzeka uma i-clot yegazi iyeka ukuhamba kwegazi. Kungenzeka futhi uma i-cholesterol plaque eningi kakhulu yakha emthanjeni kuze kufike lapho ukusakazeka kwehla kancane kancane kuye ekucucuzeni noma kuyeka ngokuphelele.

Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi?

Izici eziningi zobungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ziyefana. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukubhema
• cholesterol ephezulu
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• ubudala
• umlando womndeni

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme uhlunga izindonga zemithambo yegazi lakho. Lokho kubenza babe lukhuni ngokwengeziwe futhi bangabi namathuba amancane okukhula lapho kudingeka ukuze kugcinwe ukusakazwa okunempilo. Ukusakazeka okungalungile kungandisa ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Uma unesigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile esaziwa njenge-atrial fibrillation (AK), ubuye ube nengozi yokushaywa unhlangothi. Ngoba inhliziyo yakho ayishayi ngesigqi esijwayelekile ngesikhathi se-AF, igazi lingangena enhliziyweni yakho bese lakha ihlwili. Uma lelo qhuqhuma liphuma enhliziyweni yakho, lingahamba njenge-embolus liye ebuchosheni bakho futhi lidale isifo sohlangothi.

Ngabe kutholakala kanjani isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi?

Uma unezimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi, udokotela wakho uzothola isifinyezo esisheshayo sezimpawu nomlando wezokwelapha. Kungenzeka uthole ukuskena kwe-CT kobuchopho. Lokhu kungakhombisa ukopha ebuchosheni nasezindaweni zobuchopho okungenzeka ukuthi kuthintwe ukungahambi kahle kwegazi. Udokotela wakho angaphinde ahlele i-MRI.

Isethi ehlukile yokuhlola yenziwa ukuthola ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Udokotela wakho usazofuna ukwazi izimpawu zakho nomlando wezokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazosebenzisa i-electrocardiogram ukuhlola impilo yemisipha yenhliziyo yakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyenziwa futhi ukuhlola ama-enzyme akhombisa ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Udokotela wakho angenza futhi i-catheterization yenhliziyo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhilela ukuqondisa ishubhu elide, eliguquguqukayo ngesitsha segazi lingene enhliziyweni ukuhlola ukuvinjelwa.

Kuphathwa kanjani isifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi?

Isifo senhliziyo

Kwesinye isikhathi ukwelapha ukuvinjelwa okunesifo sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kudinga okungaphezu nje kwemithi nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila. Kulezi zimo, kungahle kudingeke ukuthi kube nomthambo we-coronary bypass grafting (CAGB) noma i-angioplasty ene-stent.

Ngesikhathi se-CABG, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlinzwa ngokudlula," udokotela wakho uthatha isitsha segazi kusuka kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho asinamathisele emthanjeni ovinjiwe. Lokhu kubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi elizungeze ingxenye evinjiwe yomthambo wegazi.

I-Angioplasty yenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-catheter enebhaluni elincane ekugcineni kwayo. Udokotela wakho ufaka i-catheter emthanjeni wegazi bese efaka ibhaluni endaweni okuvalelwe kuyo. Ibhaluni licindezela uqweqwe ezindongeni zomthambo ukuze luvulekele ukuhamba kahle kwegazi. Imvamisa, bazoshiya ithubhu elincane locingo, elibizwa ngokuthi i-stent, endaweni ukusiza ukugcina umthambo uvulekile.

Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokwelashwa okulandelayo, kufanele ubambe iqhaza ekuvuseleleni inhliziyo. Ukuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo kuthatha amasonto ambalwa futhi kufaka phakathi izikhathi zokuvivinya umzimba kanye nemfundo ngokudla, indlela yokuphila, nemithi yempilo yenhliziyo engcono.

Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzodingeka uqhubeke uzivocavoca futhi udle ukudla okunempilo enhliziyweni ngenkathi ugwema izinto ezinjengokubhema, utshwala obuningi, kanye nengcindezi.

Unhlangothi

Leyo ndlela yokuphila enempilo iyanconywa ngokulandela ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi. Uma ngabe uhlaselwe yisifo sohlangothi futhi wakwenza esibhedlela kungakapheli amahora ambalwa izimpawu seziqalile, udokotela wakho angakunika umuthi obizwa nge-tissue plasminogen activator, osiza ukuqeda ihlwili. Bangasebenzisa futhi amadivayisi amancane ukuthola i-clot emithanjeni yegazi.

Ukuze uthole isifo esibuhlungu, ungadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze ulungise umthambo wegazi owonakele. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa isiqeshana esikhethekile kwezinye izimo ukuze avikele ingxenye yomthambo wegazi odabukile.

Uyini umbono?

Umbono wakho kulandela ukushaywa unhlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo kuncike kakhulu ebucayi bomcimbi nokuthi uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha kangakanani.

Abanye abantu abanesifo sohlangothi bazobhekana nomonakalo owenza ukuhamba noma ukukhuluma kube nzima isikhathi eside. Abanye balahlekelwa ukusebenza kobuchopho okungabuyi. Kwabaningi balabo abaphathwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu, kungenzeka balulame ngokuphelele.

Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, ungalindela ukuqala kabusha imisebenzi eminingi obuyijabulele ngaphambili uma wenza konke okulandelayo:

• landela imiyalo kadokotela wakho
• iqhaza ekuvuseleleni inhliziyo
• gcina indlela yokuphila enempilo

Isikhathi sakho sokuphila sizoncika kakhulu ekutheni uyahambisana yini nokuziphatha okunempilo enhliziyweni. Uma unesifo sohlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo, kubalulekile ukuthatha inqubo yokuvuselelwa ngokungathi sína futhi unamathele kuyo. Noma kuyinselele kanjani kwesinye isikhathi, inzuzo ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu yokuphila.

Ukuvimbela isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi

Amasu amaningi afanayo angasiza ekuvimbeleni isifo sohlangothi angasiza futhi ekunciphiseni amathuba akho okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukuthola amazinga akho e-cholesterol nomfutho wegazi ebangeni eliphilile
• ukungabhemi
• ukugcina isisindo esinempilo
• kunciphisa ukuphuza kwakho
• ukugcina ushukela wegazi lakho ulawulwa
• ukuzivocavoca kakhulu, uma kungenjalo, izinsuku zesonto
• ukudla ukudla okungenawo amafutha amaningi, ushukela ongeziwe, ne-sodium

Awukwazi ukulawula izici ezithile zobungozi, ezifana nobudala nomlando wezempilo womndeni. Kodwa-ke, ungaphila impilo enempilo engasiza ekunciphiseni izingqinamba zakho zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.