Kuyini iTeratoma?

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Izinhlobo zama-teratomas
• Izimpawu ze-teratoma
• I-Sacrococcygeal (tailbone) teratoma
• I-ovarian teratoma
• I-teratoma yobufakazi
• Izimbangela zeTeratoma
• Umbono wamawele
• I-Teratomas nomdlavuza
• I-Sacrococcygeal (tailbone) teratoma
• I-ovarian teratoma
• I-teratoma yobufakazi
• Ukuhlonza ama-teratomas
• I-Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT)
• I-ovarian teratoma
• I-teratoma yobufakazi
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Teratoma
• I-Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT)
• I-ovarian teratoma
• I-teratoma yobufakazi
• Umbono

Ukubuka konke

I-teratoma uhlobo olungajwayelekile lwesimila esingaqukatha izicubu nezitho ezithuthuke ngokuphelele, kufaka phakathi izinwele, amazinyo, imisipha namathambo. I-Teratomas ivame kakhulu emathanjeni omsila, ama-ovari, nakumasende, kepha kungenzeka kwenye indawo emzimbeni.

Ama-Teratomas angavela ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, ezinganeni, noma kubantu abadala. Zivame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Ama-Teratomas ajwayele ukuba nobungozi ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, kepha asengadinga ukususwa kokuhlinzwa.

Izinhlobo zama-teratomas

Ama-Teratomas ngokuvamile achazwa njengokuvuthwa noma ukuvuthwa.

• Ama-teratomas avuthiwe avame ukuba nobungozi (hhayi umdlavuza). Kepha zingakhula emuva ngemuva kokususwa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Ama-teratomas angavuthiwe maningi amathuba okuthi akhule abe ngumdlavuza obulalayo.

Ama-teratomas avuthiwe abuye ahlukaniswe njenge:

• i-cystic: iboshwe esakeni layo eliqukethe uketshezi
• okuqinile: yakhiwa izicubu, kepha ayizifihli
• kuxubekile: kuqukethe zombili izingxenye eziqinile kanye ne-cystic

Ama-cystic teratomas avuthiwe abizwa nangokuthi ama-dermoid cysts.

Izimpawu ze-teratoma

Ama-Teratomas kungenzeka angabi nazimpawu ekuqaleni. Lapho izimpawu zithuthuka, zingahluka ngokuya ngokuthi indawo leyo itholakala kuphi. Izindawo ezivame kakhulu ze-teratomas yi-tailbone (coccyx), ama-ovari namasende.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ezivamile kuma-teratomas amaningi zifaka:

• ubuhlungu
• ukuvuvukala nokopha
• amazinga aphakanyiswe kancane e-alpha-feroprotein (AFP), umaka wezicubu
• amazinga aphakanyiswe kancane we-hormone beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (BhCG)

Nazi ezinye izimpawu eziqondene nohlobo lwe-teratoma:

I-Sacrococcygeal (tailbone) teratoma

I-sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) ileyo ekhula ku-coccyx noma umsila wethambo. Yisigaxa esivame kakhulu esitholakala ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa nasezinganeni, kodwa kusengavamile jikelele. Kwenzeka cishe enganeni eyodwa ezinganeni ezingama-35,000 kuye kwezingu-40,000.

Lezi teratoma zingakhula ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi komzimba endaweni yomsila. Ngaphandle kwesisindo esibonakalayo, izimpawu zifaka:

• ukuqunjelwa
• ubuhlungu besisu
• ukuchama kabuhlungu
• ukuvuvukala esifundeni se-pubic
• ubuthakathaka bomlenze

Zitholakala kaningi emantombazaneni asezinsana kunabafana. Kokunye ukuhlola kwe-2015 kweziguli ezelashwa ama-SCT esibhedlela saseThailand kusuka ngo-1998 kuya ku-2012, isilinganiso sabesifazane nabesilisa sasikhona.

I-ovarian teratoma

Uphawu lwe-ovarian teratoma ubuhlungu obukhulu okhalweni noma esiswini. Lokhu kuqhamuka ekucindezelekeni okusontekile ku-ovary (ovarian torsion) okubangelwa ubukhulu obukhulayo.

Kwesinye isikhathi i-ovarian teratoma ingahambisana nesimo esingajwayelekile esaziwa nge-NMDA encephalitis. Lokhu kungaveza ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nezimpawu zengqondo kubandakanya ukudideka kanye ne-psychosis.

I-teratoma yobufakazi

Uphawu olukhulu lwe-testicular teratoma yisigaxa noma ukuvuvukala esendeni. Kepha kungahle kungakhombisi zimpawu.

I-teratoma ye-testicular ivame kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-30, noma ingenzeka kunoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Izimbangela zeTeratoma

Ama-Teratomas avela enkingeni yenqubo yokukhula komzimba, ehilela indlela amaseli akho ahlukanisa futhi agxile ngayo.

Ama-Teratomas avela kumaseli wegciwane lomzimba wakho, akhiqizwa kusenesikhathi ekukhuleni kombungu.

Amanye ala maseli egciwane akudala aba amaseli akho akhiqiza isidoda neqanda. Kepha amaseli wegciwane angatholakala futhi kwenye indawo emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi esifundeni sethambo lomsila kanye ne-mediastinum (ulwelwesi oluhlukanisa amaphaphu).

Amaseli amaGerm awuhlobo lweseli olwaziwa njenge-pluripotent. Lokho kusho ukuthi bayakwazi ukuhlukanisa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli elikhethekile elingatholakala emzimbeni wakho.

Enye inkolelo yama-teratomas isikisela ukuthi isimo sivela kulawa maseli amagciwane amakhulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-parthenogenic theory futhi manje sekuwumbono owandile.

Ichaza ukuthi ama-teratomas angatholakala kanjani ngezinwele, i-wax, amazinyo, futhi angavela njengembungu elakhiwe cishe nje. Indawo ama-teratomas nayo iveza ukuthi avelaphi kumaseli wamagciwane akudala.

Umbono wamawele

Kubantu, uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu lwe-teratoma lungavela, olubizwa nge-fetus in fetu (fetus within a fetus).

Le teratoma ingabonakala njengembungu elingalungile. Yenziwe izicubu eziphilayo. Kepha ngaphandle kokuxhaswa kwe-placenta nesaka le-amniotic, umbungu ongakakhuli awunathuba lokuthuthuka.

Omunye umbono uchaza umbungu ku-fetu teratoma njengezinsalela zewele elingakwazanga ukukhula esibelethweni, futhi lahlanganiswa ngumzimba wengane esaphila.

Umbono ophikisayo uchaza umbungu ku-fetu njengesiqubu nje esithuthuke kakhulu se-dermoid. Kepha izinga eliphakeme lokuthuthuka livuna imfundiso yamawele.

I-fetus ku-fetu ikhula kuphela ngamawele bobabili:

• banesikhwama sabo se-amniotic fluid (diamniotic)
• yabelana nge-placenta efanayo (i-monochorionic)

Umbungu e-fetu teratoma uvame ukutholwa ebuntwaneni. Kungenzeka ezinganeni zobulili obubili. Kulezi teratomas kutholakala ingane ingakafiki ezinyangeni eziyi-18 ubudala.

Iningi le-fetus kumathumbu e-fetu alinaso isakhiwo sobuchopho. Kepha amaphesenti angama-91 anekholomu yomgogodla, kanti amaphesenti angama-82.5 anamahlumela emilenze.

I-Teratomas nomdlavuza

Khumbula ukuthi ama-teratomas ahlukaniswa njengabantu abavuthiwe (ngokuvamile abanobungozi) noma abavuthiwe (okungenzeka ukuthi banomdlavuza). Amathuba omdlavuza ancike ekutheni umzimba utholakala kuphi emzimbeni.

I-Sacrococcygeal (tailbone) teratoma

Ama-SCT akavuthiwe mayelana nesikhathi. Kepha nezinezinhle zingadinga ukususwa ngenxa yobukhulu bazo, kanye nethuba lokukhula okuqhubekayo. Yize kungavamile, i-sacrococcygeal teratoma ivame ukutholakala ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa.

I-ovarian teratoma

Iningi lama-teratomas ovarian selivuthiwe. I-ovarian teratoma evuthiwe yaziwa nangokuthi i-dermoid cyst.

Mayelana nama-teratomas ovuthiwe ovuthiwe anomdlavuza. Ngokuvamile zitholakala kwabesifazane phakathi neminyaka yabo yokuzala.

Ama-teratomas ama-ovarian (amabi) angavamile. Zivame ukutholakala emantombazaneni nakwabesifazane abasebasha kuze kufike eminyakeni engama-20.

I-teratoma yobufakazi

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezibanzi ze-testicular teratoma: ngaphambi kokuthomba nangemva kokuthomba. Ama-teratomas wangaphambi kokuthomba noma wezingane ngokuvamile avuthiwe futhi awunomdlavuza.

I-post-puberty (yabantu abadala) i-teratomas yamasende ayingozi. Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamadoda atholakala ene-teratoma yabantu abadala akhombisa isimo esithuthukile se-metastasis (ukusabalala) komdlavuza.

Ukuhlonza ama-teratomas

Ukuxilongwa nokutholakala kuncike lapho i-teratoma ikhona khona.

I-Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT)

Ama-teratomas amakhulu we-sacrococcygeal kwesinye isikhathi atholakala kwizikena ze-ultrasound zombungu. Kaningi zitholakala ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

Uphawu oluvamile ukuvuvukala komgogodla womsila, odokotela ababelethayo ababheka izingane ezisanda kuzalwa.

Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa i-X-ray yamathambo we-pelvis, ultrasound, ne-CT ukusiza ukuxilonga i-teratoma. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nakho kungasiza.

I-ovarian teratoma

Ama-teratomas ovarian ovuthiwe (ama-dermoid cysts) ngokuvamile awanazimpawu. Zivame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sezivivinyo ezijwayelekile zabesifazane.

Kwesinye isikhathi ama-cysts amakhulu e-dermoid abangela ukusonteka kwe-ovary (i-ovarian torsion), engaholela ebuhlungwini besisu noma be-pelvic.

I-teratoma yobufakazi

Ama-teratomas wamasende avame ukutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi kuhlolisiswa amasende ngezinhlungu ezivela enhlekeleleni. La ma-teratomas akhula ngokushesha futhi kungenzeka angavezi zimpawu ekuqaleni.

Kokubili i-teratoma enobungozi futhi enobungozi ivame ukudala ubuhlungu be-testicular.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola ama-testes akho ukuzwa i-atrophy. Isisindo esiqinile kungaba uphawu lobubi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola amazinga aphakeme ama-hormone i-BhCG ne-AFP. Ukucabanga kwe-Ultrasound kungasiza ekuboneni ukuqhubeka kwetatoma.

Ukubheka ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, udokotela wakho uzokucela ama-X-ray esifubeni nasesiswini sakho. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nakho kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izimpawu zomuthi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Teratoma

I-Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT)

Uma kutholakala i-teratoma esigabeni se-fetal, udokotela wakho uzoqapha ngokucophelela ukukhulelwa kwakho.

Uma i-teratoma ihlala incane, kuzohlelwa ukulethwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane okujwayelekile. Kodwa uma isimila sikhulu noma kunokuningi okweqile kwe-amniotic fluid, kungenzeka udokotela wakho ahlelele ukulethwa kwasekuseni ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuhlinzwa kwesisu kuyadingeka ukususa i-SCT ngaphambi kokuthi kubangele izinkinga ezisongela impilo.

Ama-SCT atholakala lapho ezalwa noma ngemuva kwalokho asuswa ngokuhlinzwa. Kufanele zibhekwe ngeso elibukhali, ngoba kukhona ukubuyela kabusha kungakapheli iminyaka emithathu.

Uma i-teratoma iyingozi, i-chemotherapy isetshenziswa kanye nokuhlinzwa. Amanani okusinda ngekhemotherapy yanamuhla.

I-ovarian teratoma

Ama-ovarian teratomas avuthiwe (ama-dermoid cysts) asuswa ngokuhlinzwa kwe-laparoscopic, uma i-cyst incane. Lokhu kufaka ukusikeka okuncane esiswini ukufaka ububanzi nethuluzi elincane lokusika.

Ingozi encane yokususwa kwe-laparoscopic ukuthi i-cyst ingagwazwa futhi ivuze izinto ezi-waxy. Lokhu kungaholela empendulweni yokuvuvukala eyaziwa njenge-chemical peritonitis.

Kwezinye izimo kuyadingeka ukuthi kususwe ingxenye noma sonke isizalo. Ukuvuthwa nokuya esikhathini kuzoqhubeka kusuka kwesinye isizalo.

Kumaphesenti ama-25 wamacala, ama-dermoid cysts atholakala kuwo womabili ama-ovari. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yakho yokulahlekelwa ukuzala.

Ama-teratomas ama-ovarian angavamisile atholakala emantombazaneni aze afike eminyakeni yawo-20. Noma ngabe la ma-teratomas atholakala esesigabeni esithuthukile, amacala amaningi ayelapheka ngokuhlanganiswa kokuhlinzwa nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

I-teratoma yobufakazi

Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-testicle kuvame ukuba ukwelashwa kokuqala kwalesi sifo uma sinomdlavuza.

I-Chemotherapy ayisebenzi kakhulu kwi-testicular teratoma. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokuxuba kwe-teratoma nezinye izicubu ezinomdlavuza ezizodinga i-chemotherapy.

Ukususwa kwesende kuzothinta impilo yakho yezocansi, ukubalwa kwesidoda, nokuzala. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ukwelashwa okungaphezu kokukodwa, ngakho xoxa nezinketho nodokotela wakho.

Umbono

I-Teratomas ayivamile futhi ivame ukuba yingozi. Ukwelashwa kwama-teratomas anomdlavuza sekuthuthukile emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ngakho-ke amacala amaningi angalapheka. Ukuzazisa ngezinketho nokubona uchwepheshe onolwazi kuyisiqinisekiso sakho esihle somphumela ophumelelayo.