Izinhlobo zegazi: A, B, AB, O (namaqembu ahambisanayo)

-Delile

• Ubani onganikela ngegazi
• Unganikela kanjani ngegazi

Izinhlobo zegazi zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngobukhona noma ukungabikho kwama-agglutinins, abizwa nangokuthi ama-antibodies noma amaprotheni e-plasma yegazi. Ngakho-ke, igazi lingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezi-4 ngokohlelo lwe-ABO ku:

• Igazi A: ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu futhi iqukethe amasosha omzimba alwa nohlobo B, abizwa nangokuthi anti-B, futhi angathola kuphela igazi kubantu bohlobo A noma O;
• Igazi B: ingenye yezinhlobo eziyivelakancane futhi iqukethe amasosha omzimba alwa nohlobo A, abuye abizwe ngokuthi ama-anti-A, futhi angathola kuphela igazi kubantu bohlobo B noma O;
• Igazi le-AB: ingenye yezinhlobo eziyivelakancane futhi ayinayo amasosha omzimba alwa no-A noma B, okusho ukuthi ingathola igazi lazo zonke izinhlobo ngaphandle kokuphendula;
• Igazi O: yaziwa njengomnikeli wendawo yonke futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, inamasosha omzimba aphikisana no-A no-anti-B, futhi ingathola kuphela igazi elivela kubantu bohlobo O, uma kungenjalo lingahlanganisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi Oanganikela ngegazi kunoma ngubani kepha bangathola kuphela iminikelo evela kubantu abanohlobo olufanayo lwegazi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu bayathanda U-AB angathola igazi kunoma ngubani kepha banganikela kuphela kubantu abanohlobo olufanayo lwegazi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukumpontshelwa igazi kwenziwe kuphela kubantu abanokuhambisana, kungenjalo kungaba khona ukuphendula ngokumpontshelwa, okungaholela ezinkingeni.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwegazi, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla ezingalungela kakhulu. Bona ukuthi ukudla kufanele kube njani kubantu abanegazi A, igazi B, igazi AB noma igazi O.

Ekukhulelweni, lapho umama ene-Rh negative futhi ingane ine-positive, maningi amathuba okuthi owesifazane okhulelwe azokhiqiza amasosha omzimba aqeda ingane futhi angaholela ekukhipheni isisu. Ngakho-ke, abesifazane abakhulelwe abanalolu hlobo lwegazi kufanele babonane nodokotela wezifo zabesifazane ukuze babheke ukuthi kunesibonakaliso yini somjovo we-anti-D immunoglobulin, kepha azikaze zibe khona izinkinga ezinkulu ekukhulelweni kokuqala. Nakhu okufanele ukwenze lapho uhlobo lwegazi lowesifazane okhulelwe luyi-Rh negative.

Ubani onganikela ngegazi

Ukunikelwa ngegazi kuthatha imizuzu engama-30 futhi izidingo ezithile kufanele zihlonishwe, njenge:

• Yiba phakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 nengama-65 ubudala, kepha abantu abaneminyaka engu-16 ubudala banganikela ngegazi inqobo nje uma begunyaziwe ngabazali noma ababheki babo futhi bafeze ezinye izidingo zomnikelo;
• Kala ngaphezu kwama-50 kg;
• Uma ngabe une-tattoo, linda phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezi-12 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awungcoliswanga yiluphi uhlobo lwe-hepatitis nokuthi usaphila;
• Ungalokothi usebenzise izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni ezijova;
• Linda unyaka owodwa ngemuva kokuphulukisa i-STD.

Abesilisa banganikela ngegazi kanye kuphela ezinyangeni ezintathu futhi izikhathi eziphindwe kane ngonyaka kanye nabesifazane njalo ezinyangeni ezi-4 kanye nezikhathi eziphindwe kathathu ngonyaka, njengoba abesifazane belahlekelwa yigazi njalo ngenyanga ngokuya esikhathini, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukugcwalisa inani legazi elikhishiwe . Bona ukuthi kungavinjelwa kanjani ukunikela ngegazi.

Ngaphambi komnikelo kubalulekile ukugwema ukudla ukudla okunamafutha okungenani amahora amane ngaphambi kokunikela, ngaphezu kokugwema ukuzila ukudla. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ube nokudla okulula ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi nangemva kokunikela, ube nokudla okuncane ngemuva kwalokho, okuvame ukunikezwa lapho kunikelwa khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi uphuze uketshezi oluningi, ungabhemi okungenani amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokunikelwa futhi ungenzi imisebenzi yomzimba enamandla kakhulu, ngoba kungaba nengozi yokuquleka, ngokwesibonelo.

Bheka lolu lwazi kuvidiyo elandelayo:

Unganikela kanjani ngegazi

Umuntu ofisa ukunikela ngegazi kumele aye kwesinye seziteshi zokuqoqa igazi, agcwalise ifomu elinemibuzo eminingi ngempilo yakhe nangendlela aphila ngayo. Ifomu lizohlaziywa ngungoti futhi, uma umuntu ekwazi, uzokwazi ukuhlala esihlalweni esikahle ukuze umnikelo wenziwe.

Umhlengikazi uzofaka inaliti emthanjeni wengalo, lapho igazi lizongena khona esikhwameni esithile ukugcina igazi. Umnikelo uhlala cishe isigamu sehora futhi kungenzeka ukucela ikhefu emsebenzini ngalolu suku, ngaphandle kokuthi kudonswe umholo.

Ekupheleni komnikelo, umnikelo oqinisiwe uzonikezwa lowo onikelayo, ukugcwalisa amandla akhe, njengoba kuyinto ejwayelekile kumnikeli ukuthi azizwe ebuthakathaka futhi enesiyezi, yize inani legazi elihoxisiwe lingafinyeleli kwengxenye yelitha kanti umzimba thola ngokushesha lokhu kulahlekelwa.

Kuphephile ukunikela ngegazi futhi lowo onikelayo akatholi zifo, ngoba kulandela izindinganiso zokuphepha kwegazi kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe ezivela eMnyangweni Wezempilo, e-American Association nase-European Council on Blood Banks.

Buka le vidiyo elandelayo futhi wazi ukuthi igazi alinakunikelwa nini: