I-Titanium Dioxide Ekudleni - Ingabe Kufanele Ukhathazeke?

-Delile

• Ukusetshenziswa nezinzuzo
• Ikhwalithi yokudla
• Ukulondolozwa kokudla nokupakishwa
• Izimonyo
• Izingozi
• Iqembu 2B carcinogen
• Ukuncela
• Ukuqoqwa komzimba
• Ubuthi
• Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
• Ingabe kufanele uyigweme?
• Okubalulekile

Ukusuka kudayi kuya kokunambitheka, abantu abaningi baya ngokuya bazi izithako ekudleni kwabo.

Enye yezingulube zokudla ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-titanium dioxide, impuphu engenaphunga ethuthukisa umbala omhlophe noma ukukhanya kokudla nemikhiqizo engaphezulu kwekhawunta, kufaka phakathi ukhilimu wokwenza ikhofi, amaswidi, i-sunscreen nomuthi wokuxubha (,).

Ukwehluka kwe-titanium dioxide kungezwa ukukhulisa ubumhlophe bepende, amapulasitiki nemikhiqizo yamaphepha, noma lokhu kwehluka kwehluka kunebanga lokudla elisetshenziswa ekudleni (,).

Noma kunjalo, ungazibuza ukuthi kuphephile yini ukusetshenziswa.

Lo mbhalo ubuyekeza ukusetshenziswa, izinzuzo, nokuphepha kwe-titanium dioxide.

Ukusetshenziswa nezinzuzo

I-Titanium dioxide inezinhloso eziningi kukho kokubili ukudla nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo.

Ikhwalithi yokudla

Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezisabalalisa ukukhanya, inani elincane le-titanium dioxide lengezwa ekudleni okuthile ukuze kuthuthukiswe umbala wazo omhlophe noma i-opacity (,).

Iningi le-titanium dioxide ebangeni lokudla lingama-nanometer (nm) angama-200-300 ububanzi. Lesi sayizi sivumela ukusabalalisa ukukhanya okuhle, okuholela kumbala omuhle kakhulu ().

Ukwengezwa ekudleni, lesi sithasiselo kufanele sifinyelele kuma-99% okuhlanzeka. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kushiya indawo yamanani amancane okungcola okungahle kube khona okufana nomthofu, i-arsenic, noma i-mercury ().

Ukudla okuvame kakhulu nge-titanium dioxide kunguhlafunwa, amakhekhe, amakhekhe, ushokoledi, ukhilimu wokwenza ukhilimu, nokuhlobisa ikhekhe (,).

Ukulondolozwa kokudla nokupakishwa

I-Titanium dioxide ingezwa kokunye ukupakisha kokudla ukugcina impilo eshalofini yomkhiqizo.

Ukupakisha okuqukethe lesi sithasiselo kukhonjisiwe ukwehlisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-ethylene ezithelweni, ngaleyo ndlela kubambezele inqubo yokuvuthwa nokwelula impilo yeshalofu ().

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kufakwa kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kunomsebenzi omabili we-antibacterial kanye ne-photocatalytic, owokugcina owehlisa ukuvezwa kwe-ultraviolet (UV) ().

Izimonyo

I-Titanium dioxide isetshenziswa kakhulu njengesithuthukisi sombala emikhiqizweni yezimonyo nezithengiswa njengama-lipstick, ama-sunscreens, umuthi wokuxubha, okhilimu kanye nempushana. Imvamisa itholakala njenge-nano-titanium dioxide, encanyana kakhulu kunohlobo lwebanga lokudla ().

Isebenziseka ngokukhethekile kusikrini selanga njengoba inokumelana ne-UV okumangazayo futhi kusiza ukuvimba imisebe yelanga ye-UVA ne-UVB ekufinyeleleni esikhunjeni sakho ().

Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-photosensitive - okusho ukuthi ingakhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamahhala okukhululekile - imbozwe nge-silica noma i-alumina ukuvimbela ukulimala kwamaseli okungenzeka ngaphandle kokunciphisa izakhiwo zayo zokuvikela i-UV ().

Yize izimonyo zingahloselwe ukusetshenziswa, kunokukhathazeka ukuthi i-titanium dioxide ku-lipstick nomuthi wokuxubha ungahle ugwinywe noma ungene esikhunjeni.

Ngenxa yamakhono ayo amahle okukhanyisa ukukhanya, i-titanium dioxide isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eminingi yokudla nezimonyo ukuthuthukisa umbala wayo omhlophe nokuvimba imisebe ye-ultraviolet.

Izingozi

Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ukukhathazeka ngobungozi bokusetshenziswa kwe-titanium dioxide kukhulile.

Iqembu 2B carcinogen

Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa (i-FDA) kuhlukaniswe nge-titanium dioxide njengeKwaziwa Ngokuvamile Njenge-Safe (7).

Lokho kusho ukuthi i-International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) ikubhale njenge-carcinogen yeQembu 2B - i-ejenti engaba yi-carcinogenic kepha ayinakho ucwaningo olwanele lwesilwane nolomuntu. Lokhu kudale ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwayo kumikhiqizo yokudla (8, 9).

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwanikezwa, njengoba ezinye izifundo zezilwane zathola ukuthi ukuhogela uthuli lwe-titanium dioxide kungadala ukukhula kwezimila zamaphaphu. Kodwa-ke, i-IARC iphethe ngokuthi imikhiqizo yokudla equkethe lesi sengezo ayibeki le ngozi (8).

Ngakho-ke, namuhla, bancoma kuphela ukunciphisa umkhawulo we-titanium dioxide inhalation ezimbonini ezinokuchayeka okukhulu kothuli, njengokukhiqizwa kwephepha (8).

Ukuncela

Kunokukhathazeka okuthile maqondana nokumunca isikhumba namathumbu ama-titanium dioxide nanoparticles, angaphansi kuka-100 nm ububanzi.

Olunye ucwaningo oluncane lwe-test-tube lukhombisile ukuthi lawa ma-nanoparticles amunzwa amaseli emathumbu futhi angaholela ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative nokukhula komdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, olunye ucwaningo luthole ukuthi alunamphumela (,,).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwango-2019 luphawule ukuthi ibanga lokudla titanium dioxide lalilikhulu futhi hhayi ama-nanoparticles. Ngakho-ke, ababhali baphetha ngokuthi noma iyiphi i-titanium dioxide ekudleni idonswa kabi, kungabi bungozi empilweni yomuntu ().

Ekugcineni, ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi i-titanium dioxide nanoparticles ayidlulisi ungqimba wokuqala wesikhumba - i-stratum corneum - futhi ayiyona i-carcinogenic (,).

Ukuqoqwa komzimba

Olunye ucwaningo olwenziwe kumagundane lubone ukuqongelela kwe-titanium dioxide esibindini, ebunzimeni nasezinsweni. Lokho kusho ukuthi, izifundo eziningi zisebenzisa imithamo ephezulu kunalokho obekuzoyidla, okwenza kube nzima ukwazi ukuthi ngabe le miphumela izokwenzeka kubantu ().

Ukubuyekezwa kwango-2016 yi-European Food Safety Authority kuphethe ngokuthi ukumuncwa kwe-titanium dioxide kuphansi kakhulu futhi noma yiziphi izinhlayiya ezimuncwayo zikhishwa kakhulu ngendle (14).

Kodwa-ke, bathole ukuthi amazinga amancane ka-0.01% amunceke amaseli omzimba - awaziwa njengezicubu ezihlobene namathumbu - futhi angahanjiswa kwezinye izitho. Njengamanje, akwaziwa ukuthi lokhu kungayithinta kanjani impilo yabantu (14).

Yize izifundo eziningi kuze kube manje zingakhombisi imiphumela emibi yokusetshenziswa kwe-titanium dioxide, zimbalwa izifundo zabantu zesikhathi eside ezitholakalayo. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka olunye ucwaningo ukuqonda kangcono indima yalo kwezempilo yomuntu (,).

I-Titanium dioxide ihlukaniswa njenge-carcinogen yeQembu 2B njengoba izifundo zezilwane zixhumanise ukuhogela kwayo nokuthuthuka kwesimila samaphaphu. Kodwa-ke, alukho ucwaningo olukhombisa ukuthi i-titanium dioxide ekudleni ilimaza impilo yakho.

Ubuthi

E-United States, imikhiqizo ingaqukathi ngaphezu kwe-1% ye-titanium dioxide ngesisindo, futhi ngenxa yamakhono ayo amahle okusabalalisa ukukhanya, abakhiqizi bokudla badinga ukusebenzisa amanani amancane ukuthola imiphumela efiselekayo ().

Izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-10 zisebenzisa kakhulu lesi sithasiselo, ngesilinganiso esingu-0.08 mg ngekhilogremu elilodwa (0.18 mg ngekg) yesisindo somzimba ngosuku.

Ngokuqhathaniswa, umuntu omdala ovamile usebenzisa cishe u-0.05 mg ngekhilogremu (0.1 mg ngekg) ngosuku, yize lezi zinombolo zehluka (, 14).

Lokhu kungenxa yokudla okuphekwe kakhulu kwamakhekhe namaswidi ezingane, kanye nosayizi wazo omncane womzimba ().

Ngenxa yocwaningo olunomkhawulo olutholakalayo, ayikho i-Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) ye-titanium dioxide. Kodwa-ke, ukubuyekezwa okujulile yi-European Food Safety Authority akutholanga miphumela emibi kumagundane adle i-1,023 mg ngekhilogremu (2,250 mg ngekg) ngosuku (14).

Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo olwengeziwe lomuntu luyadingeka.

Izingane zisebenzisa i-titanium dioxide eningi kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwayo kakhulu kwamaskandi namakhekhe. Kudingeka olunye ucwaningo ngaphambi kokuthi kusungulwe i-ADI.

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo

Kunocwaningo olulinganiselwe ngemiphumela emibi ye-titanium dioxide, futhi kuncike kakhulu kumzila wokufinyelela (,,):

• Ukusetshenziswa komlomo. Ayikho imiphumela emibi eyaziwayo.
• Amehlo. I-compound ingabangela ukucasuka okuncane.
• Ukuhogela. Ukuphefumula uthuli lwe-titanium dioxide kuxhunyaniswe nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ezifundweni zezilwane.
• Isikhumba. Kungadala ukucasuka okuncane.

Imiphumela eminingi emibi ihlobene nokuhogela uthuli lwe-titanium dioxide. Ngakho-ke, kunamazinga embonini akhona ukukhawulela ukuvezwa ().

Ayikho imiphumela emibi eyaziwayo yokusebenzisa i-titanium dioxide. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zezilwane ziphakamisa ukuthi ukuhogela uthuli lwayo kungaxhunyaniswa nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ingabe kufanele uyigweme?

Kuze kube manje, i-titanium dioxide ibhekwa njengephephile ukusetshenziswa.

Ucwaningo oluningi luphetha ngokuthi inani elidliwe ekudleni liphansi kakhulu kangangokuba alinabungozi empilweni yomuntu (,,, 14).

Kodwa-ke, uma usafuna ukugwema lesi sithasiselo, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda ngokucophelela amalebula okudla neziphuzo. Ushungamu, amakhekhe, amakhekhe, ukhilimu wokwenza ukhilimu, nokuhlobisa amakhekhe ukudla okuvame kakhulu nge-titanium dioxide.

Khumbula ukuthi kungahle kube nokuhweba okuhlukile noma amagama ejwayelekile wekhompiyutha abakhiqizi abangawabala esikhundleni se- "titanium dioxide," ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi uzazisa (17).

Uma kubhekwa i-titanium dioxide ikhona ekudleni okucutshungulwe kakhulu, kulula ukukugwema ngokukhetha ukudla okuphelele, okungasetshenziswanga.

Yize i-titanium dioxide ngokuvamile ibonwa njengephephile, usengafisa ukuyigwema. Ukudla okuvame kakhulu okunezihlanganisi kufaka phakathi ushingamu, amaqebelengwane, ama-cream creamers, nemihlobiso yekhekhe.

Okubalulekile

I-Titanium dioxide iyisithako esisetshenziselwa ukwenza mhlophe imikhiqizo eminingi yokudla ngaphezu kwezimonyo, upende nemikhiqizo yamaphepha.

Ukudla okune-titanium dioxide ngokuvamile kungamakhekhe, amaqebelengwane, i-chewing gum, ama-cream creamers, ama-chocolate kanye nemihlobiso yekhekhe.

Yize kunokunye ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha, i-titanium dioxide ngokuvamile ibonwa njengephephile yi-FDA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi labantu alidli cishe ngokwanele ukuletha noma yikuphi ukulimala okungaba khona.

Uma usafuna ukugwema i-titanium dioxide, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda amalebula ngokucophelela bese unamathela kokudla okuphekwe kancane.