Ama-platelet aphansi: yini ongayenza nokuthi wenzeni

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Kungaba yini
• 1. Ukubhujiswa kwamaPlatelet
• 2. Ukuntuleka kwe-folic acid noma i-vitamin B12
• 3. Izinguquko emnkantsheni wethambo
• 4. Izinkinga ekusebenzeni kobende
• 5. Ezinye izimbangela
• Okufanele ukwenze uma ngabe kukhona amaplatelet aphansi
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Thrombocytopenia, noma i-thrombocytopenia, ifanelana nokwehla kwenani lama-platelet egazini, isimo esilimaza amahlwili, futhi kungadala izimpawu ezinjengamabala abomvu noma ansomi esikhunjeni, izinsini ezopha noma ikhala, nomchamo obomvu, ngokwesibonelo.

Ama-platelet yizinto ezibalulekile zegazi ekunqandeni, ukwenza lula ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda nokuvimbela ukopha. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo eziningana ezingadala ukwehla kwenani lama-platelet, njengokungenwa yizifo, njengodenga, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, njenge-heparin, izifo ezihlobene nokuzivikela komzimba, njenge-thrombocytopenic purpura ngisho nomdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa kwama-platelet aphansi kufanele kwenziwe ngokwenkinga yawo, ngudokotela ojwayelekile noma i-hematologist, futhi kungadingeka kuphela ukulawula imbangela, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi noma, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukufakwa kwama-platelet.

Bona ezinye izinguquko ezinkulu zeplatelet nokuthi wenzeni.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Ama-platelet aphansi lapho inani legazi lingaphansi kwamaseli ayi-150,000 / mm³ wegazi, futhi, ezimweni eziningi, alibanga zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, umuntu angaba nokuthambekela okukhulu kokuphuma kwegazi, nezimpawu ezinjengalezi:

• Amachashazi ansomi noma abomvu esikhunjeni, njengemivimbo noma imihuzuko;
• Izinsini zokopha;
• Ukopha ekhaleni;
• Umchamo onegazi;
• Ukopha esitokisini;
• Ukuya esikhathini;
• Amanxeba wokopha okunzima ukuwalawula.

Lezi zimpawu zingavela kunoma ngubani onama-platelet aphansi, kepha zivame kakhulu uma ziphansi kakhulu, njengezingezansi kwamaseli ayi-50,000 / mm³ wegazi, noma uma zihlotshaniswa nesinye isifo, njengodenga noma i-cirrhosis, okwenza umsebenzi wokujiya igazi ube mbi kakhulu. igazi.

Esinye sezifo esivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuncishiswa kweplatelet yi-thrombocytopenic purpura. Bona ukuthi lesi sifo siyini nokuthi singelashwa kanjani.

Kungaba yini

Ama-platelet akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethambo, futhi aphile cishe izinsuku eziyi-10, njengoba ehlala ezivuselela. Izici eziphazamisa inani lamagazi egazini yilezi:

1. Ukubhujiswa kwamaPlatelet

Ezinye izimo zingadala ukuthi ama-platelet aphile egazini isikhathi esincane, okwenza inani labo lehle. Ezinye zezimbangela eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane, njenge-dengue, i-Zika, i-mononucleosis ne-HIV, isibonelo, noma ngama-bacteria, athinta ukusinda kwama-platelet ngenxa yezinguquko ekuzivikeleni komzimba womuntu;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhambi athile, njenge-Heparin, i-Sulfa, i-anti-inflammatory, i-anti-convulsant kanye ne-antihypertensive, isibonelo, njengoba zingadala ukusabela okucekela phansi ama-platelet;
• Izifo ezizimele, ezingakhulisa ukusabela okuhlasela futhi kuqede ama-platelet, njenge-lupus, immune and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, i-hemolytic-uremic syndrome ne-hypothyroidism, ngokwesibonelo.

Izifo zokuzivikela komzimba zivame ukudala ukuncipha okukhulu nokuphikelelayo kwama-platelet kunokusebenzisa umuthi nezifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu ngamunye angahle abe nokusabela okuhlukile, okuhluka ngokuya komzimba nokuvikeleka komzimba, ngakho-ke kujwayelekile ukubona abantu abanezinhlayiya zegazi eziphansi kwezinye izimo zikadenga kunakwabanye, ngokwesibonelo.

2. Ukuntuleka kwe-folic acid noma i-vitamin B12

Izinto ezinjenge-folic acid novithamini B12 zibalulekile ku-hematopoiesis, okuyinqubo yokwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi. Kodwa-ke, ukuntuleka kwe-folic acid noma i-vitamin B12 kungaholela ekwehliseni ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelets. Lokhu kushoda kuvamile kuma-vegans ngaphandle kokubhekwa kokudla okunempilo, abantu abangondlekile, izidakwa kanye nabantu abanezifo ezibangela ukopha okufihlekile, njengesisu noma amathumbu.

Nawa amanye amathiphu wokuthi yini ongayidla ukugwema ukushoda kwe-folic acid ne-vitamin B12.

3. Izinguquko emnkantsheni wethambo

Olunye ushintsho ekusebenzeni kwentambo yomgogodla lubangela ukwehla kwamaplatelet, okungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, njenge:

• Izifo zomnkantsha wamathambo, njenge-aplastic anemia noma i-myelodysplasia, ngokwesibonelo, okubangela ukwehla kokukhiqizwa noma ukukhiqizwa okungalungile kwamaseli egazi;
• Ukutheleleka kwamathambo, ngokuqondene negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, igciwane le-Epstein-Barr nenkukhu;
• Umdlavuza othinta umnkantsha, njenge-leukemia, i-lymphoma noma i-metastases, isibonelo;
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ukuvezwa kwezinto ezinobuthi emgogodleni, njengomthofu ne-aluminium;

Kujwayelekile ukuthi, kulezi zimo, kukhona nokuba khona kwe-anemia kanye nokwehla kwamaseli amhlophe egazini ekuhlolweni kwegazi, njengoba umnkantsha ubhekele ukukhiqizwa kwezakhi zegazi eziningana. Hlola ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ze-leukemia nokuthi ungasola nini.

4. Izinkinga ekusebenzeni kobende

Ubende bungumsebenzi wokususa amangqamuzana egazi amadala ambalwa, kufaka phakathi ama-platelet, futhi uma enwetshiwe, njengakwezifo ezinjenge-cirrhosis yesibindi, i-sarcoidosis ne-amyloidosis, ngokwesibonelo, kungahle kube nokuqedwa kwama-platelet asenempilo., ngenani elingaphezu kokujwayelekile.

5. Ezinye izimbangela

Lapho kukhona amaplatelet aphansi ngaphandle kwesizathu esichaziwe, kubalulekile ukucabanga ngezimo ezithile, njengephutha lomphumela waselebhu, ngoba ukuhlangana kweplatelet kungenzeka epayipini lokuqoqa igazi, ngenxa yobukhona be-reagent kuthubhu, futhi kubalulekile ukuphinda ukuhlolwa kulezi zimo.

Ukuphuza ngokweqile nakho kungadala ukwehla kwamaplatelets, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ngaphezu kokuba yingozi kumaseli egazi, nakho kuthinta ukukhiqizwa komnkantsha wethambo.

Ekukhulelweni, i-thrombocytopenia yomzimba kungenzeka, ngenxa yokwehliswa kwegazi ngenxa yokugcina uketshezi, okuvame ukuba mnene, futhi kuxazululwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngemuva kokubeletha.

Okufanele ukwenze uma ngabe kukhona amaplatelet aphansi

Lapho kukhona i-thrombocytopenia etholakele esivivinyweni, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile zokugwema ingozi yokopha, njengokugwema imizamo emikhulu noma ukuxhumana nemidlalo, ukugwema ukuphuza utshwala nokungasebenzisi izidakamizwa ezithinta ukusebenza kwama-platelet noma ukwandisa ingozi yokopha, njenge-aspirin, anti-inflammatories, anticoagulants kanye ne-ginkgo-biloba, isibonelo.

Ukunakekelwa kumele kuqiniswe lapho ama-platelet engaphansi kwamaseli angu-50 000 / mm³ egazini, futhi kuyakhathaza uma kungaphansi kwamaseli ayi-20 000 / mm³ egazini, ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze kubhekwe kungadingeka kwezinye izimo.

Ukudla kufanele kube okulinganiselayo kahle, okunothile okusanhlamvu, izithelo, imifino nenyama engenamafutha, ukusiza ekwakheni igazi nokubuyiselwa komzimba.

Ukufakwa kweplatelet akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba ngokunakekelwa nokwelashwa, umuntu angalulama noma aphile kahle. Kodwa-ke, udokotela anganikeza eminye imihlahlandlela lapho kunezimo zokopha, lapho kudingeka khona ukwenza uhlobo oluthile lokuhlinzwa, lapho ama-platelet engaphansi kwamaseli ayi-10,000 / mm³ egazini noma lapho engaphansi kwamaseli ayi-20,000 / mm³ egazini, kepha futhi lapho umkhuhlane noma isidingo se-chemotherapy, isibonelo.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ngemuva kokuthola ukuthi kungani ama-platelet ephansi, ukwelashwa kwakho kuzoqondiswa, ngokweseluleko sezokwelapha, futhi kungaba:

• Ukuhoxiswa kwesizathu, njengemithi, ukwelashwa kwezifo nokutheleleka, noma ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, okubangela amaplatelet aphansi;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwama-corticosteroids, ama-steroids noma ama-immunosuppressants, lapho kunesidingo sokwelapha isifo se-autoimmune;
• Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kobende, okuyi-splenectomy, lapho i-thrombocytopenia inzima futhi ibangelwa ukwanda komsebenzi wobende;
• Ukuhlunga igazi, okubizwa ngokuthi ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma noma i-plasmapheresis, uhlobo lokuhlunga kwengxenye yegazi equkethe amasosha omzimba nezakhi ezonakalisa ukusebenza kokuzivikela nokujikeleza kwegazi, okukhonjiswe ezifweni ezinjenge-thrombotic thrombocytopenic, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, ngokwesibonelo .

Endabeni yomdlavuza, kwelashwa uhlobo nobukhali balesi sifo, ngokwesibonelo ngamakhemikhali noma ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo.