Izivivinyo ezi-6 ezihlola indlala yegilo

-Delile

• 1. Isilinganiso samahomoni wegilo
• 2. Isilinganiso sama-antibodies
• 3. I-Ultrasound yegilo
• 4. Isendlalelo sendlala yegilo
• 5. I-biopsy yegilo
• 6. Ukuzihlola kwe-thyroid
• Lapho udinga izivivinyo ze-thyroid

Ukuthola izifo ezithinta i-thyroid, udokotela anga-oda izivivinyo eziningana ukuhlola ubukhulu bezindlala, ubukhona bezimila nokusebenza kwegilo. Ngakho-ke, udokotela angancoma isilinganiso samahomoni axhumene ngqo nokusebenza kwe-thyroid, njenge-TSH, i-T4 yamahhala ne-T3 yamahhala, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging ukuhlola ubukhona bamaqhuqhuva, njenge-ultrasound ultrasound, ngokwesibonelo .

Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kungabuye kucelwe, njenge-scintigraphy, biopsy noma ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody, okunganconywa yi-endocrinologist lapho kuphenywa izifo ezithile, njenge-thyroiditis noma izicubu ze-thyroid. Bona izimpawu ezingakhombisa izinkinga ze-thyroid.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Ukuhlolwa okucelwe kakhulu ukuhlola i-thyroid yile:

1. Isilinganiso samahomoni wegilo

Ukulinganiswa kwamahomoni e-thyroid ngokuhlolwa kwegazi kuvumela udokotela ukuthi ahlole ukusebenza kwendlala, kungenzeka ukuthi abheke ukuthi ngabe umuntu unezinguquko ezisikisela i-hypo noma i-hyperthyroidism, ngokwesibonelo.

Yize amanani wesethenjwa engahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka yomuntu, ubukhona bokukhulelwa kanye nelebhu, amanani ajwayelekile afaka phakathi

Ngemuva kokukhomba ushintsho ekusebenzeni kwe-thyroid, udokotela uzohlola isidingo soku-oda ezinye izivivinyo ezisiza ukukhomba imbangela yalezi zinguquko, ngokwesilinganiso se-ultrasound noma i-antibody.

Qonda imiphumela engenzeka yokuhlolwa kwe-TSH

2. Isilinganiso sama-antibodies

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa futhi ukukala amasosha omzimba alwa negilo, angakhiqizwa ngumzimba kwezinye izifo ezizimele, njengeHashimoto's thyroiditis noma isifo seGraves. Okuyinhloko yilezi:

• I-anti-peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO): sikhona ezimeni eziningi zeHashimoto's thyroiditis, isifo esibangela ukulimala kwamaseli kanye nokulahleka kancane komsebenzi we-thyroid;
• I-anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg): itholakala ezimweni eziningi zeHashimoto's thyroiditis, noma kunjalo, itholakala nakubantu ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwe-thyroid, ngakho-ke, ukutholwa kwayo akubonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi lesi sifo sizokhula;
• I-anti-TSH receptor antibody (anti-TRAB): ingaba khona ezimweni ze-hyperthyroidism, ikakhulu ebangelwa yisifo se-Graves. Thola ukuthi kuyini nokuthi ungaselapha kanjani isifo samathuna.

Ama-autoantibodies e-thyroid kufanele acelwe kuphela odokotela ezimweni lapho kushintshwa khona ama-hormone e-thyroid, noma uma kusolwa isifo se-thyroid, njengendlela yokusiza ukucacisa imbangela.

3. I-Ultrasound yegilo

I-Ultrasound yegilo yenziwa ukuhlola ubukhulu bendlala kanye nokuba khona kwezinguquko ezinjengama-cysts, izimila, i-goiter noma ama-nodules. Yize lokhu kuhlolwa kungakwazi ukusho ukuthi isilonda sinomdlavuza yini, kuyasiza kakhulu ukuthola izici zaso kanye nokuqondisa ukubhoboza kwamaqhuqhuva noma ama-cysts okusiza ekuxilongweni.

I-ultrasound yegilo

4. Isendlalelo sendlala yegilo

I-thyroid scintigraphy wuhlolo olusebenzisa inani elincane le-iodine enemisebe nekhamera ekhethekile ukuthola isithombe sendlala yegilo, nokukhomba izinga lomsebenzi we-nodule.

Kuboniswa ikakhulukazi ukuphenya amaqhuqhuva okusolwa umdlavuza noma lapho kusolwa khona ukuthi i-hyperthyroidism ibangelwa i-nodule efihla ama-hormone, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-nodule eshisayo noma engasebenzi kahle. Thola ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani i-scintigraphy ye-thyroid nokuthi ungakulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa.

5. I-biopsy yegilo

I-biopsy noma i-puncture yenziwa ukukhomba ukuthi ngabe i-nodule ye-thyroid noma i-cyst ayinabungozi noma iyingozi. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela ufaka inaliti enhle ebheke esihlokweni bese esusa inani elincane lesicubu noma uketshezi olwakha lesi sidleke, ukuze lesi sampuli sihlolwe elabhorethri.

I-biopsy yegilo ingalimaza noma idale ukungaphatheki kahle ngoba lokhu kuhlolwa akwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia futhi udokotela anganyakazisa inaliti ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ukuze akwazi ukuthatha amasampuli ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ze-nodule noma afune inani elikhulu loketshezi. Ukuhlolwa kuyashesha futhi kuthatha cishe imizuzu eyi-10 bese umuntu kufanele ahlale nebhandishi endaweni yamahora ambalwa.

6. Ukuzihlola kwe-thyroid

Ukuzihlola kwe-thyroid kungenziwa ukukhomba ubukhona bama-cysts noma ama-nodules endlala, kubalulekile ukusiza ukuthola noma yiziphi izinguquko kusenesikhathi nokuvikela izinkinga zezifo futhi kufanele kwenziwe, ikakhulukazi, ngabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-35 noma ngomlando womndeni wezinkinga ze-thyroid.

Ukufeza lokhu, kufanele kulandelwe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Bamba isibuko bese ukhomba indawo lapho kutholakala khona i-thyroid, engezansi nje kwe-apula lika-Adam, elaziwa nge- "gogó";
• Nyakazisa intamo yakho emuva kancane ukuze uveze isifunda kangcono;
• Phuza amanzi kancane;
• Bheka ukuhamba kwe-thyroid bese ubona ukuthi kukhona yini ukuphuma, i-asymmetry.

Uma kuphawulwa noma ikuphi ukungajwayelekile kwe-thyroid, kubalulekile ukuthi ufune ukunakekelwa ngudokotela we-endocrinologist noma udokotela ojwayelekile ukuze uphenyo lwenziwe ngokuhlolwa okungenza noma kungaqinisekisi ukushintshwa kwe-thyroid.

Lapho udinga izivivinyo ze-thyroid

Ukuhlolwa kwe-thyroid kukhonjiswa kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-35 noma ngaphezulu uma kunezimpawu noma umlando womndeni wezinguquko ze-thyroid, abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abafisa ukukhulelwa kanye nabantu ababone izinguquko ngesikhathi bezihlola noma behlolwa i-thyroid.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kukhonjiswa nasemuva kokwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza wentamo noma wekhanda nangesikhathi sokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezifana ne-lithium, i-amiodarone noma i-cytokines, ngokwesibonelo, engaphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-thyroid.