Isishingishane

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu?
• Ziyini izimbangela nezici zobungozi?
• Kungavinjelwa?
• Qaphela ukuthi uphuzani
• Bhekisisa ukuthi udlani
• Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka
• Kuthiwani ngomuthi wokugoma we-typhoid?
• Ilashwa kanjani i-typhoid?
• Uyini umbono?

Ukubuka konke

Umkhuhlane weTyphoid ukuthelelana okuqakathekileyo kwamagciwane okusabalala kalula ngamanzi angcolileyo lokudla. Kanye nomkhuhlane omkhulu, kungadala izinhlungu zesisu, nokulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla.

Ngokwelashwa, abantu abaningi bayalulama ngokugcwele. Kepha i-typhoid engelashwa ingaholela ezinkingeni ezisongela impilo.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Kungathatha isonto noma amabili ngemuva kokutheleleka ukuvela kwezimpawu. Ezinye zalezi zimpawu yilezi:

• umkhuhlane omkhulu
• ubuthakathaka
• ubuhlungu besisu
• ikhanda
• ukungathandi ukudla
• ukuqubuka
• ukukhathala
• ukudideka
• ukuqunjelwa, isifo sohudo

Izinkinga ezinkulu azivamile, kepha zingafaka ukopha kwamathumbu noma ukuqhuma emathunjini. Lokhu kungaholela ekuthelelekeni kwegazi okusongela impilo (sepsis). Izimpawu zifaka phakathi isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nobuhlungu besisu obukhulu.

Ezinye izinkinga yilezi:

• inyumoniya
• isifo sezinso noma sesinye
• isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga
• myocarditis
• i-endocarditis
• meningitis
• i-delirium, i-hallucinations, i-paranoid psychosis

Uma unanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, tshela udokotela wakho ngohambo lwakamuva oluya ngaphandle kwezwe.

Ziyini izimbangela nezici zobungozi?

I-typhoid ibangelwa amagciwane abizwa ngokuthi Salmonella typhi (S. typhi). Akuyona ibhaktheriya efanayo edala ukugula okubangelwa ukudla iSalmonella.

Indlela yayo eyinhloko yokudlulisa yindlela yomlomo-indle, evame ukusabalala emanzini noma ekudleni okungcolile. Kungadluliselwa nangokuxhumana ngqo nomuntu onegciwane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunabantu abambalwa ababuyayo kodwa basaphethe S. typhi. Lezi "zithwali" zingathelela abanye.

Ezinye izifunda zinezifo eziphezulu ze-typhoid. Lokhu kubandakanya i-Afrika, iNdiya, iNingizimu Melika, kanye neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.

Emhlabeni wonke, umkhuhlane we-typhoid uhlasela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-26 ngonyaka. I-United States inamacala angaba ngu-300 ngonyaka.

Kungavinjelwa?

Lapho uhambela amazwe anezigameko eziphakeme ze-typhoid, kuyakhokhela ukulandela lezi zeluleko zokuvimbela:

Qaphela ukuthi uphuzani

• ungaphuzi empompini noma emthonjeni
• gwema ama-ice cubes, i-popsicles, noma iziphuzo zomthombo ngaphandle kokuthi uqiniseke ukuthi zenziwe ngamanzi asemabhodleleni noma abilisiwe
• thenga iziphuzo ezinamabhodlela lapho kungenzeka khona (amanzi anekhabhoni aphephile kunalawo angenayo i-carbonated, qiniseka ukuthi amabhodlela aboshwe ngokuqinile)
• amanzi angenawo amabhodlela kufanele abiliswe umzuzu owodwa ngaphambi kokuphuza
• kuphephile ukuphuza ubisi olunamanzi, itiye elishisayo, nekhofi elishisayo

Bhekisisa ukuthi udlani

• ungadli umkhiqizo ongavuthiwe ngaphandle kokuthi ungazixebula ngokwakho ngemuva kokugeza izandla
• ungalokothi udle ukudla okuvela kubathengisi basemgwaqweni
• ungadli inyama noma inhlanzi eluhlaza noma engajwayelekile, ukudla kufanele kuphekwe kahle futhi kusashisa uma kuphakelwa
• udle kuphela imikhiqizo yobisi enamathiselwe namaqanda aphekwe kanzima
• gwema amasaladi nokondliwa okwenziwe ngezithako ezintsha
• ungadli umdlalo wasendle

Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka

• geza izandla kaningi, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yokugezela nangaphambi kokuthinta ukudla (sebenzisa insipho namanzi amaningi uma ekhona, uma kungenjalo, sebenzisa isihlanzisandla esine-alcohol engamaphesenti angama-60
• ungabuthinti ubuso bakho ngaphandle kokuthi usanda kugeza izandla
• gwema ukuthintana ngqo nabantu abagulayo
• uma ugula, gwema abanye abantu, geza izandla zakho kaningi, futhi ungakulungisi noma ukuphake ukudla

Kuthiwani ngomuthi wokugoma we-typhoid?

Kubantu abaningi abaphilile, umuthi wokugomela i-typhoid awudingeki. Kepha udokotela wakho angancoma eyodwa uma ngabe:

• othwala
• ekuxhumaneni okuseduze nomphathi
• ukuya ezweni lapho kuvame khona i-typhoid
• umsebenzi waselabhorethri angaxhumana naye S. typhi

Umuthi wokugomela i-typhoid uyasebenza futhi uza ngezindlela ezimbili:

• Umuthi wokugoma we-typhoid ongasebenzi. Lo mgomo ungumjovo womthamo owodwa. Akuzona ezabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala futhi kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili ukusebenza. Ungaba nomthamo wokulekelela njalo eminyakeni emibili.
• Umuthi wokugoma we-typhoid bukhoma. Lo mgomo akuwona owezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyisithupha. Kuwumuthi wokugoma ngomlomo onikezwa ngemithamo emine, ngaphandle kwezinsuku ezimbili. Kuthatha okungenani isonto ngemuva komthamo wokugcina ukusebenza. Ungaba ne-booster njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.

Ilashwa kanjani i-typhoid?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungaqinisekisa ubukhona be- S. typhi. I-typhoid iphathwa ngama-antibiotic anjenge-azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ne-fluoroquinolones.

Kubalulekile ukuthatha yonke imithi elwa namagciwane njengoba unqunyelwe, noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono. Isiko lesitulo linganquma ukuthi usaqhubeka yini nokuphatha S. typhi.

Uyini umbono?

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-typhoid ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, ezisongela impilo. Emhlabeni jikelele, kunezifo ezingaba ngu-200 000 ezihlobene nesifo sofuba ngonyaka.

Ngokwelashwa, abantu abaningi baqala ukwenza ngcono ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu. Cishe wonke umuntu othola ukwelashwa ngokushesha uyalulama ngokugcwele.