Yikuphi ukuxhumana phakathi komthwalo wegciwane kanye nobungozi bokudluliswa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza?

-Delile

• Ukuhlolwa komthamo wegciwane
• Kusho ukuthini umthamo wegciwane ‘ongatholakali’?
• Isici se-spike
• Ukulayishwa kwegciwane kanye nokudluliswa kwe-HIV
• I-Q & A.
• Q:
• A:
• Umthwalo wegciwane nokukhulelwa
• Umthamo wegciwane lomphakathi (i-CVL)
• Umbono

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Ukubuka konke

Umthamo wegciwane yizinga le-HIV egazini. Abantu abangenayo i-HIV abanalo inani legciwane egazini. Uma umuntu etholakala enegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, iqembu lakhe lezempilo lingasebenzisa ukuhlolwa komthamo wegciwane ukuqapha isimo sakhe.

Umthamo wegciwane ukhombisa ukuthi i-HIV isebenza kanjani ohlelweni. Imvamisa, uma inani legciwane egazini liphakeme isikhathi eside, isibalo se-CD4 siphansi. Amaseli e-CD4 (i-subset yamaseli we-T) asiza ukwenza kusebenze ukuphendula komzimba. I-HIV ihlasela futhi ibhubhise amaseli e-CD4, anciphisa ukuphendula komzimba kuleligciwane.

Umthamo wegciwane eliphansi noma ongatholakali ukhombisa ukuthi amasosha omzimba asebenza ngenkuthalo ukusiza ukugcina i-HIV ihlolwe. Ukwazi lezi zinombolo kusiza ukunquma ukwelashwa komuntu.

Ukuhlolwa komthamo wegciwane

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kokuqala komthamo wegciwane egazini kuvame ukwenziwa ngemuva nje kokutholakala kwe-HIV.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuyasiza ngaphambi nangemva kokushintsha kwemithi. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzo-oda ukuhlolwa kokulandelwa njalo ngezikhathi ezithile ukubona ukuthi umthamo wegciwane uyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Isibalo segciwane esikhulayo sisho ukuthi i-HIV yomuntu iya ngokuya iba yimbi, futhi kungadingeka nezinguquko ekwelapheni kwamanje. Ukwehla komthamo wegciwane egazini kuyisibonakaliso esihle.

Kusho ukuthini umthamo wegciwane ‘ongatholakali’?

Ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane yimithi esiza ukugcina umthamo wegciwane emzimbeni ulawulwa. Kubantu abaningi, ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kungehlisa kakhulu amazinga e-virus, kwesinye isikhathi kumazinga angatholakali.

Umthamo wegciwane kubhekwe ungatholakali uma ukuhlolwa kungakwazi ukubala izinhlayiya ze-HIV kumamililitha ayi-1 egazi. Uma inani legciwane egazini lithathwa njengengatholakali, kusho ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza.

Ngokusho kwe-, umuntu onomthamo wegciwane lengculazi ongabonakali “akanabo ubungozi” bokudlulisela i-HIV ngokocansi. Ngo-2016, i-Prevention Access Campaign yethula umkhankaso we-U = U, noma ongatholakali = ongenakudluliswa.

Izwi lesixwayiso: "alibonakali" akusho ukuthi izinhlayiya zegciwane azikho, noma ukuthi umuntu akasenayo i-HIV. Kusho nje ukuthi inani legciwane egazini liphansi kakhulu kangangokuba isivivinyo asikwazi ukukala.

Abantu abane-HIV kufanele bacabangele ukuqhubeka nemithi yama-antiretroviral ukuze bahlale bephilile futhi bagcine imithwalo yabo yegciwane ingabonakali.

Isici se-spike

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi kungahle kube nama-spikes wesisindo segciwane lesikhashana, kwesinye isikhathi abizwa nge- "blips." Lawa ma-spikes angenzeka ngisho nakubantu asebenamazinga omthamo wegciwane lengculaza ongatholakali isikhathi eside.

Le mithwalo yegciwane enyukile ingenzeka phakathi kokuhlolwa, futhi kungenzeka kungabikho zimpawu.

Amazinga omthwalo wegciwane egazini noma uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sangasese noma uketshezi kuvame ukufana.

Ukulayishwa kwegciwane kanye nokudluliswa kwe-HIV

Umthamo wegciwane eliphansi kusho ukuthi mancane amathuba okuthi umuntu adlulise i-HIV. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlolwa komthamo wegciwane kuphela kulinganisa inani le-HIV esegazini. Umthamo wegciwane ongatholakali awusho ukuthi i-HIV ayikho emzimbeni.

Abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza bangafuna ukubheka izindlela zokuphepha ukwehlisa ubungozi bokutheleleka nge-HIV nokunciphisa ukudluliswa kwezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs).

Ukusebenzisa amakhondomu ngendlela efanele futhi engaguquguquki lapho uya ocansini kuyindlela yokuvikela izifo ezithathelwana ngokocansi. Bheka lo mhlahlandlela wokusebenzisa amakhondomu.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi udlulisele i-HIV kozakwethu ngokwabelana ngezinaliti. Akuphephile neze ukwabelana ngezinaliti.

Abantu abane-HIV bangafuna futhi ukucabanga ngokuba nezingxoxo ezikhululekile nezithembekile nabalingani babo. Bangacela abahlinzeki babo bezempilo ukuthi bachaze umthamo wegciwane kanye nobungozi bokudluliswa kwe-HIV.

I-Q & A.

Q:

Eminye imithombo ithi amathuba okudlulisa i-HIV ngomthamo wegciwane ongatholakali awunalutho. Ingabe lokhu kuyiqiniso?

A:

Ngokuya ngokutholakele kwe, i-CDC manje ibika ukuthi ubungozi bokudluliswa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza okuvela kothile osekwelashweni “okuhlala isikhathi eside” kwemishanguzo yokuthithibalisa igciwane lengculaza (ART) ngokucindezelwa ngegciwane ngamaphesenti angu-0. Izifundo ezisetshenziselwe ukwenza lesi siphetho ziqaphele ukuthi imicimbi yokudlulisela, lapho yenzekile, ibingenxa yokuthola ukutheleleka okusha kumlingani ohlukile, ongacindezelwanga. Ngenxa yalokhu, cishe alikho ithuba lokudlulisa i-HIV ngomthamo wegciwane ongatholakali. Okungatholakali kuchazwe ngokuhlukile ezifundweni ezintathu, kepha zonke zazingamakhophi angama- <200 egciwane ngegazi lemililitha ngalinye.

Umthwalo wegciwane nokukhulelwa

Ukuphuza imishanguzo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokudlulisela i-HIV enganeni. Ukuba nomthamo wegciwane lengculazi ongatholakali kuyinjongo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Abesifazane bangayithatha imishanguzo ye-HIV ngokuphepha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kepha kufanele bakhulume nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nemithi ethile.

Uma owesifazane one-HIV esethatha imishanguzo yokuthithibalisa leli gciwane, ukukhulelwa kungathinta indlela umzimba owucubungula ngayo umuthi wakhe. Izinguquko ezithile ekwelashweni zingadingeka.

Umthamo wegciwane lomphakathi (i-CVL)

Inani lomthamo wegciwane labantu abane-HIV eqenjini elithile libizwa ngokuthi yi-community viral load (CVL). I-CVL ephezulu ingabeka abantu abakulowo mphakathi abangenayo i-HIV engcupheni enkulu yokuyithola.

I-CVL ingaba ithuluzi elibalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi imiphi imishanguzo ye-HIV eyehlisa ngempumelelo inani legciwane egazini. I-CVL ingahle ibe wusizo ekufundeni ukuthi umthamo wegciwane eliphansi ungawathinta kanjani amazinga okudlulisa emiphakathini ethile noma emaqenjini abantu.

Umbono

Ukuba nomthamo wegciwane ongabonakali kwehlisa kakhulu amathuba okudlulisela i-HIV kozakwethu noma ngokusebenzisa izinaliti ezabiwe.

Ngokwengeziwe, imibiko yokuthi ukwelashwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abane-HIV kanye nezinsana zabo kunciphisa isibalo somthamo wegciwane kanye nengozi yokuthi ingane ithole i-HIV esibelethweni.

Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kukhonjisiwe ukunciphisa isibalo somthamo wegciwane egazini labantu abane-HIV. Ngaphandle kokwehlisa amazinga okudlulisela kubantu abangenayo i-HIV, ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kanye nomthamo wegciwane ophansi kusiza abantu abane-HIV ukuthi baphile isikhathi eside, izimpilo ezinempilo.