Umuthi wokugomela uvendle (i-VIP / VOP): wenzelwa ini nokuthi uzowuthatha nini

-Delile

• Uwuthola nini umuthi wokugoma
• Ukulungiselela kufanele kube kanjani
• Lapho ungathathi
• Imiphumela emibi engaba khona yomuthi wokugoma

Umuthi wokugomela uvendle, owaziwa nangokuthi i-VIP noma i-VOP, umuthi wokugoma ovikela izingane ezinhlotsheni ezi-3 ezahlukahlukene zegciwane elibanga lesi sifo, esaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ukukhubazeka kwezinsana, lapho uhlelo lwezinzwa lungathikamezeka futhi luholele ekukhubazekeni kwezitho ushintsho lwezimoto enganeni.

Ukuvikela ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesifo sovendle, izincomo zeWorld Health Organisation kanye neBrazilian Immunization Society ukunikela ngemithamo emi-3 yomuthi wokugoma i-VIP, okuwumuthi wokugoma onikezwa ngomjovo, kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyisithupha nokuthi eminye imithamo emibili yomuthi kuthathwe kuze kube yiminyaka engu-5, okungaba ngomlomo, okuwumuthi wokugomela i-VOP, noma ojojowe, okuyindlela efaneleke kakhulu.

Uwuthola nini umuthi wokugoma

Umuthi wokugomela ukukhubazeka ebuntwaneni kufanele wenziwe kusuka emasontweni ayisithupha ubudala kuze kufike eminyakeni emihlanu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abangazange bathole lo mgomo bangagonywa, noma sebebadala. Ngakho-ke, ukugoma okuphelele okuphikisana novendle kufanele kuhambisane nesheduli elandelayo:

• Umthamo wokuqala: ezinyangeni ezimbili ngokujova (i-VIP);
• Umthamo wesibili: ezinyangeni ze-4 ngokujova (i-VIP);
• Umthamo wesithathu: ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngomjovo (i-VIP);
• Ukuqiniswa kokuqala: phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-15 nezingu-18, okungaba ngomuthi wokugoma ngomlomo (OPV) noma ngomjovo (i-VIP);
• Ukuqiniswa kwe-2: phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 nengu-5, okungaba ngomjovo womlomo (OPV) noma ngomjovo (i-VIP).

Yize umuthi wokugomela ngomlomo uyindlela engeyona eyokuhlasela yomuthi wokugoma, isincomo ukuthi kufanele kunikezwe kuqala umuthi wokugoma ngendlela yomjovo, ngoba umuthi wokugomela ngomlomo wakhiwe yigciwane elibuthaka, okungukuthi, uma ingane ine ukuguqulwa kokuzivikela komzimba, kungahle kusebenze igciwane futhi kuholele kulesi sifo, ikakhulukazi uma imithamo yokuqala ingathathwanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuthi wokujova ojojwayo wenziwa yigciwane elingasebenzi, okungukuthi, alikwazi ukuvuselela lesi sifo.

Kodwa-ke, uma uhlelo lokugoma lulandelwa, ukusetshenziswa komuthi wokugoma i-VOP njengesikhuthazi phakathi nezikhathi zomkhankaso wokugoma kubhekwa njengokuphephile. Zonke izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu kumele zibambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokugoma uvendle futhi kubalulekile ukuthi abazali balethe incwajana yokugoma ukuqopha ukuphathwa kwemigomo. Umuthi wokugomela uvendle umahhala futhi unikezwa uHlelo Lwezempilo Oluhlangene, futhi kufanele usetshenziswe ezikhungweni zezempilo ngungoti wezempilo.

Ukulungiselela kufanele kube kanjani

Ukuze uthathe umjovo wokujova (i-VIP), akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo, kepha-ke, uma ingane ithola umuthi wokugoma ngomlomo (i-OPV), kuyalulekwa ukuthi uyeke ukuncelisa ibele kuze kufike ehoreni elilodwa ngaphambili, ukugwema ubungozi begalufu. Uma ingane ihlanza noma igalofu ngemuva kokugoma, kufanele kuthathwe umthamo omusha ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka.

Lapho ungathathi

Umuthi wokugomela uvendle akufanele unikezwe izingane ezinamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, abangelwa izifo ezinjenge-AIDS, umdlavuza noma ngemuva kokufakelwa komzimba. Kulezi zimo, izingane kufanele ziye kudokotela wezingane kuqala, futhi uma lezi zokugcina zibonisa ukuthi kufanele zigonyelwe uvendle, umuthi wokugoma kufanele wenziwe ezikhungweni zeSpecial Immunobiological Reference Centres.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugoma kufanele kuhlehliswe uma ingane igula, nokuhlanza noma isifo sohudo, ngoba umuthi wokugoma kungenzeka ungamunci, futhi futhi akunconywa izingane ezihlakule uvendle ngemuva kokuphathwa kwanoma imuphi umuthi wokugoma.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona yomuthi wokugoma

Umuthi wokugoma ukukhubazeka ebuntwaneni kuyaqabukela unemiphumela engemihle, noma kunjalo, kwezinye izimo, umkhuhlane, ukugula, uhudo kanye nekhanda kungenzeka. Uma ingane iqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zokukhubazeka, okuyinkinga exakile ngokweqile, abazali kufanele bamyise esibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu. Bona ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu eziphambili zovendle.

Ngaphezu kwalo muthi wokugoma, ingane idinga ukuthatha eminye efana, isibonelo, umuthi wokugomela iHepatitis B noma iRotavirus, isibonelo. Yazi uhlelo oluphelele lokugoma izingane.