Umuthi wokugoma we-HPV: ungowani, ngubani ongawuthatha neminye imibuzo

-Delile

• Ngubani okufanele athathe
• 1. Ngokusebenzisa i-SUS
• 2. Ikakhulu
• Izinhlobo zemigomo kanye nemithamo
• Ngubani ongakwazi ukuthatha
• Umkhankaso wokugoma ezikoleni
• Imiphumela emibi yomuthi wokugoma
• Kungani kungcono ukugoma abafana namantombazane kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15 ubudala?
• Ngabe kunesidingo sokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuthola umuthi wokugoma?
• Ubani othola umuthi wokugoma awudingi ukusebenzisa ikhondomu?
• Ingabe umuthi wokugoma we-HPV uphephile?

Umuthi wokugomela i-HPV, noma i-human papilloma virus, unikezwa njengomjovo futhi unomsebenzi wokuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa yilesi gciwane, njengezilonda zangaphambi komdlavuza, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, isitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nesitho sangasese sowesifazane, indunu kanye nezinsumpa zangasese. Lo muthi wokugoma ungathathwa ezikhungweni zezempilo nasemitholampilo yangasese, kepha unikezwa yi-SUS ezindaweni zezempilo nasemikhankasweni yokugoma ezikoleni.

Umuthi wokugoma ohlinzekwa yi-SUS uyi-quadrivalent, evikela ezinhlotsheni ezi-4 ezivame kakhulu zamagciwane e-HPV eBrazil. Ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi wokugoma, umzimba ukhiqiza amasosha omzimba adingekayo ukulwa negciwane futhi ngenxa yalokho, uma umuntu ethelelekile, akasitholi isifo, avikeleke.

Yize ingakatholakali ukuthi isetshenziswe, i-Anvisa isivele ivume umuthi wokugoma omusha olwa ne-HPV, ovikela izinhlobo ezi-9 zegciwane.

Ngubani okufanele athathe

Umuthi wokugoma we-HPV ungathathwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

1. Ngokusebenzisa i-SUS

Umuthi wokugoma utholakala mahhala ezikhungweni zezempilo, ngemithamo emi-2 kuye kwemithathu, uku:

• Abafana namantombazane asukela eminyakeni engu-9 kuya kwengu-14 ubudala;
• Abesilisa nabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-9 kuya kwengu-26 ubudala abaphila ne-HIV noma i-AIDS, iziguli ezinesitho somzimba, ukufakelwa umnkantsha kanye nabantu abelashwa umdlavuza.

Umuthi wokugoma ungathathwa futhi ngabafana namantombazane abangasezona izintombi, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo kungancipha, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi bese bevele bexhumana naleli gciwane.

2. Ikakhulu

Umuthi wokugoma ungathathwa futhi ngabantu abadala, kodwa-ke, atholakala kuphela emitholampilo yangasese yokugoma. Ikhonjiselwe:

• Amantombazane nabesifazane abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-9 nengama-45 ubudala, uma kuwumuthi wokugoma ophindwe kathathu, noma yimuphi unyaka ongaphezu kweminyaka eyi-9, uma kuwumuthi wokugoma ofanayo (i-Cervarix);
• Abafana namadoda aneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-9 nengama-26 ubudala, nomuthi wokugoma ophindwe kathathu (Gardasil);
• Abafana namantombazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-9 nengama-26 ubudala, ngomuthi wokugoma ongabonakali (Gardasil 9).

Umuthi wokugoma ungathathwa ngisho ngabantu abelashwa noma abake bathola ukutheleleka nge-HPV, njengoba ingavikela kwezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane e-HPV, futhi ivimbele ukwakheka kwezinsumpa zangasese ezintsha kanye nengozi yomdlavuza.

Izinhlobo zemigomo kanye nemithamo

Kunemithi yokugoma ehlukene emi-2 emelene ne-HPV: umuthi wokugomela i-quadrivalent kanye nomuthi wokugomela oyimpumelelo.

Umuthi wokugoma we-Quadrivalent

• Ifanele abesifazane abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-9 nengama-45 ubudala, nabesilisa abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-9 nengama-26 ubudala;
• Ivikela kuma-virus 6, 11, 16 no-18;
• Kuvikela ezinsumpa ezithweni zangasese, umdlavuza wesibeletho kwabesifazane nomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa noma endunu endabeni yamadoda;
• Kwenziwe ilabhorethri iMerck Sharp & Dhome, ebizwa ngezebhizinisi ngokuthi yiGardasil;
• Ngumuthi wokugoma onikezwa yi-SUS kubafana namantombazane abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 nengu-14 ubudala.
• Imithamo: Kunemithamo emi-3, kushejuli yezinyanga ezingama-0-2-6, nomthamo wesibili ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2 nomthamo wesithathu ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zomthamo wokuqala. Ezinganeni, umphumela wokuvikela usuvele ungatholakala ngemithamo emi-2 kuphela, ngakho-ke eminye imikhankaso yokugoma inganikeza ngemithamo emi-2 kuphela.

Bona imiyalo yalo mgomo ngokuchofoza ku: Gardasil

Umuthi wokugomela ohlukile

• Kukhonjiswe kusuka eminyakeni eyi-9 futhi ngaphandle komkhawulo weminyaka;
• Kuvikela kuphela amagciwane ayi-16 no-18, okuyizimbangela ezinkulu zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho;
• Kuvikela kumdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, kodwa hhayi ekulweni nezitho zangasese;
• Kwenziwe ilabhorethri ye-GSK, edayiswa ngokuthengisa njengeCervarix;
• Imithamo: Lapho ithathwa isifikise eminyakeni eyi-14 ubudala, kwenziwa imithamo emi-2 yomuthi wokugoma, kube yisikhawu sezinyanga eziyisithupha phakathi kwabo. Kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 ubudala, kwenziwa imithamo emi-3, kushejuli yenyanga engu-0-1-6.

Bheka kabanzi ngalomuthi wokugoma osepheshaneni lepakethe: Cervarix.

Umuthi wokugomela ongabonakali

• Inganikezwa kubafana namantombazane abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 nengama-26;
• Ivikela kuma-subtypes ama-9 HPV virus: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 no-58;
• Kuvikela umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, isitho sangasese sowesifazane, isitho sangasese sangasese kanye nendunu, kanye nokulwa nezinsumpa ezibangelwa i-HPV;
• Yenziwe ngamalabhorethri akwaMerck Sharp & Dhome, ngaphansi kwegama lokuhweba leGardasil 9;
• Imithamo: uma umuthi wokugoma wokuqala uneminyaka yobudala eyi-14, kufanele kuhlinzekwe imithamo emi-2, okwesibili kwenziwe phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-5 kuye kweziyi-13 ngemuva kokuqala. Uma ukugoma kungemuva kweminyaka yobudala eyi-15, kufanele ulandele ishejuli yemithamo emi-3 (izinyanga ezingama-0-2-6), lapho umthamo wesibili wenziwa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili kuthi owesithathu wenziwe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva kowokuqala.

Ngubani ongakwazi ukuthatha

Umuthi wokugoma we-HPV akufanele uphathwe uma:

• Ukukhulelwa, kepha umuthi wokugoma ungathathwa ngemuva nje kokuzalwa kwengane, ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kukabeletho;
• Lapho unanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokungezwani komzimba nezinto zomuthi wokugoma;
• Uma kwenzeka umkhuhlane noma ukugula okunamandla;
• Uma kwenzeka ukwehla kwenani lama-platelets nezinkinga zokuqina kwegazi.

Ukugoma kungasiza ekuvikeleni ukutheleleka kwe-HPV nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, kepha akuboniswa ukwelapha lesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa amakhondomu kubo bonke oxhumana nabo abasondelene, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, owesifazane kufanele abonane nodokotela wezifo zabesifazane okungenani kanye ngonyaka futhi enze izivivinyo zabesifazane ezifana ne-Pap smears.

Umkhankaso wokugoma ezikoleni

Umuthi wokugoma we-HPV uyingxenye yohlelo lokugoma, ngoba lukhululekile kwi-SUS yamantombazane nabafana abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 nengu-14 ubudala. Ngo-2016, i-SUS yaqala ukugoma abafana abasukela eminyakeni engu-9 kuya kwengu-14 ubudala, njengoba ekuqaleni yayitholakala kuphela kulabo abaneminyaka engu-12 kuya kwengu-13 ubudala.

Abafana namantombazane abakule minyaka yobudala kufanele bathathe imithamo emi-2 yomuthi wokugoma, umthamo wokuqala utholakala ezikoleni zikahulumeni nezizimele noma emitholampilo kahulumeni. Umthamo wesibili kufanele uphuthunyiswe kwiyunithi yezempilo ezinyangeni eziyi-6 ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuqala noma sesibili sokugoma esikhuthazwa yi-SUS.

Imiphumela emibi yomuthi wokugoma

Umuthi wokugoma we-HPV ungaba nobuhlungu bemiphumela emibi, ububomvu noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokulunywa, okungancishiswa ngokusetshenziswa kwetshe leqhwa, elivikelwe ngendwangu, khona lapho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuthi wokugoma we-HPV ungadala ikhanda, isiyezi, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza nomkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-38ºC, ongalawulwa nge-antipyretic efana neParacetamol, isibonelo. Uma lowo muntu esola ngemvelaphi yomkhuhlane, kufanele axhumane nodokotela.

Amanye amantombazane abike ushintsho ekuzweleni kwemilenze yabo nobunzima bokuhamba, kepha, izifundo ngomuthi wokugoma aziqinisekisi ukuthi lokhu kusabela kubangelwa ukuphathwa kwawo, kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlobene nezinye izinto njengokukhathazeka noma ukwesaba izinaliti, ngoba isibonelo. Olunye ushintsho oluhlobene nalo mgomo aluqinisekiswanga yizifundo zesayensi.

Buka le vidiyo elandelayo bese uqonda ukubaluleka kokugoma okunempilo:

Kungani kungcono ukugoma abafana namantombazane kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15 ubudala?

Izindatshana zesayensi ziveza ukuthi umuthi wokugoma we-HPV usebenza kangcono uma usetshenziswa kulabo abangakaqali impilo yezocansi, ngakho-ke, i-SUS isebenza kuphela umuthi wokugoma ezinganeni nasebusheni phakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 nengu-14, kepha-ke, wonke umuntu angawuthatha umuthi wokugoma emitholampilo yangasese.

Ngabe kunesidingo sokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuthola umuthi wokugoma?

Akunasidingo sokwenza izivivinyo ukuhlola ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-HPV ngaphambi kokuthatha umuthi wokugoma, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umuthi wokugoma awusebenzi kangako kubantu asebeke baba nokuxhumana okusondelene nabo.

Ubani othola umuthi wokugoma awudingi ukusebenzisa ikhondomu?

Ngisho nalabo abathathe imithamo emibili yomuthi wokugoma kufanele basebenzise ikhondomu ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuxhumaneni okusondelene nabo ngoba lo mgomo awuzivikeli kwezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, njenge-AIDS noma ugcunsula.

Ingabe umuthi wokugoma we-HPV uphephile?

Lo muthi wokugoma ukhonjiswe ukuthi uphephile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komtholampilo futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokuthi unikezwe abantu emazweni amaningana, awukhonjiswanga ukuthi ubangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwawo.

Kodwa-ke, kunezigameko ezibikiwe zabantu abangase batatazele futhi bakhathazeke ngesikhathi sokugoma futhi bangadlula, kepha leli qiniso alihlobene ngqo nomuthi osetshenzisiwe, kepha nasesimweni somzwelo somuntu.