Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo vs. Psychiatrist: Uyini Umehluko?

-Delile

• Ukufana nokwehluka
• Umehluko ekusebenzeni
• Odokotela bengqondo
• Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo
• Umehluko kwezemfundo
• Odokotela bengqondo
• Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo
• Ukukhetha phakathi kwalokhu okubili
• Ukucatshangelwa kwezezimali
• Okubalulekile

Ukufana nokwehluka

Izihloko zabo zizwakala zifana, futhi bobabili baqeqeshelwe ukuxilonga nokwelapha abantu abanezimo zempilo yengqondo. Yize kunjalo izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo nodokotela bengqondo abafani. Ngayinye yalezi zingcweti inesizinda semfundo ehlukile, ukuqeqeshwa, nendima kwezokwelapha.

Odokotela bengqondo baneziqu zobudokotela kanye neziqu ezithuthukile zokuhlala kanye nokukhethekile kwezengqondo. Basebenzisa ukwelashwa kokukhuluma, imishanguzo, nezinye izindlela zokwelapha abantu abanezimo zempilo yengqondo.

Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zinezinga eliphakeme, njenge-PhD noma i-PsyD. Ngokuvamile, basebenzisa ukwelashwa kokukhuluma ukwelapha izimo zempilo yengqondo. Bangasebenza njengabaxhumanisi kanye nabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo noma ukwelashwa kokufunda kuzinhlelo zonke zokwelashwa.

Zombili lezi zinhlobo zabahlinzeki kumele zinikezwe ilayisense endaweni yabo ukuze bazijwayeze. Odokotela bengqondo nabo banamalayisense njengodokotela bezokwelapha.

Funda kabanzi ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngomehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili nokuthi unganquma kanjani okufanele ukubone.

Umehluko ekusebenzeni

Odokotela bengqondo nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo basebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukene ukwelapha izimo zempilo yengqondo. Kwesinye isikhathi basebenza ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.

Odokotela bengqondo

Odokotela bengqondo bangasebenza kunoma iyiphi yalezi zilungiselelo:

• imikhuba yangasese
• izibhedlela
• izibhedlela zabagula ngengqondo
• izikhungo zezokwelapha zaseyunivesithi
• amakhaya asebekhulile
• amajele
• izinhlelo zokuvuselela
• Izinhlelo ze-hospice

Imvamisa baphatha abantu abanesimo sempilo yengqondo esidinga imithi, efana nale:

• ukukhathazeka
• ukunakekelwa kokulahleka kokugula (ADHD)
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo
• ukucindezeleka okukhulu
• ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokuhlukumezeka (PTSD)
• schizophrenia

Odokotela bengqondo bahlola lezi nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo besebenzisa:

• ukuhlolwa kwengqondo
• ukuhlolwa komuntu ngamunye
• ukuhlolwa kwelebhu ukukhipha izimbangela zomzimba zezimpawu

Lapho sebenze ukuxilongwa, odokotela bengqondo bangakudlulisela kudokotela wezengqondo ukuze uthole ukwelashwa noma bakunikeze umuthi.

Eminye yemithi odokotela bengqondo abayinikezayo ifaka phakathi:

• imishanguzo
• imishanguzo yokulwa nezengqondo
• okusimamisa imizwa
• izikhuthazi
• izidambisi

Ngemuva kokunikeza umuntu othile umuthi, udokotela wezifo zengqondo uzobaqapha eduze ukuze abone izimpawu zokwenza ngcono neminye imiphumela emibi. Ngokuya ngalolu lwazi, bangenza ushintsho kumthamo noma uhlobo lomuthi.

Odokotela bezengqondo bangaphinde banikeze ezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukwelashwa kwe-Electroconvulsive. Ukwelashwa kwe-Electroconvulsive kubandakanya ukufaka imisinga kagesi ebuchosheni. Le ndlela yokwelashwa ivame ukubekelwa amacala wokudangala okukhulu okungaphenduli kwezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa.
• Ukwelashwa okulula. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okungelona iqiniso ukwelapha ukucindezeleka okwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingakutholi ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi.

Lapho belapha izingane, odokotela bengqondo bazoqala ngokuhlolwa okuphelele kwengqondo. Lokhu kuzisiza ukuthi zihlole izakhi eziningi ezingaphansi kwezinkinga zezempilo yengqondo yengane, kufaka phakathi ezomzwelo, ukuqonda, ezemfundo, ezomndeni nezofuzo.

Uhlelo lokwelashwa kwengqondo yezingane lungabandakanya:

• ukwelashwa kwenkulumo komuntu ngamunye, kweqembu noma komndeni
• imithi
• ukubonisana nabanye odokotela noma ochwepheshe ezikoleni, izinhlangano zomphakathi, noma izinhlangano zomphakathi

Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo

Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ngokufanayo zisebenza nabantu abanezimo zempilo yengqondo. Bazihlonza lezi zimo besebenzisa izingxoxo, ucwaningo kanye nokubona.

Omunye umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalaba basebenzi bezempilo yengqondo ukuthi izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo azikwazi ukunikela ngemithi. Kodwa-ke, ngeziqu ezengeziwe, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo njengamanje zinganikeza imithi ezifundazweni ezinhlanu:

• Idaho
• I-Iowa
• I-Illinois
• ELouisiana
• ENew Mexico

Bangaphinde banikeze imishanguzo uma besebenza embuthweni wezempi, e-Indian Health Service, noma eGuam.

Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo singasebenza kunoma yiziphi izilungiselelo ezifanayo nodokotela bengqondo, kufaka phakathi:

• imikhuba yangasese
• izibhedlela
• izibhedlela zabagula ngengqondo
• izikhungo zezokwelapha zaseyunivesithi
• amakhaya asebekhulile
• amajele
• izinhlelo zokuvuselela
• Izinhlelo ze-hospice

Imvamisa baphatha abantu ngokwelashwa kokukhuluma. Lokhu kwelashwa kubandakanya ukuhlala nomelaphi nokukhuluma nganoma yiziphi izingqinamba. Ezikhathini eziningi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sizosebenza nothile ukubasiza baqonde kangcono izimpawu zabo nokuthi bangazilawula kanjani.

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo kunguhlobo lokwelashwa kokukhuluma ososayensi bezengqondo abasebenzisa njalo. Yindlela egxile ekusizeni abantu ukuthi banqobe imicabango emibi namaphethini wokucabanga.

Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kungathatha izinhlobo eziningi, kufaka phakathi:

• umuntu ngamunye nomelaphi
• ukwelashwa komndeni
• ukwelashwa kweqembu

Lapho welapha izingane, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zingahlola izindawo ngaphandle kwezempilo yengqondo, kufaka phakathi ukusebenza kwengqondo namakhono ezifundo.

Bangase futhi benze izinhlobo zokwelapha ezingavamisile ukwenziwa odokotela bengqondo, njengokudlala ukwelashwa. Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha lubandakanya ukuvumela izingane zidlale ngokukhululeka egumbini lokudlala eliphephile elinemithetho noma imikhawulo embalwa kakhulu.

Ngokubuka izingane zidlala, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zingathola ukuqonda ekuziphatheni okuphazamisayo nokuthi yini ingane engazizwa kahle ngayo. Bangabe sebefundisa izingane amakhono wokuxhumana, amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nokuziphatha okuhle ngokwengeziwe.

Umehluko kwezemfundo

Ngaphezu kokwehluka kokusebenza, odokotela bengqondo kanye nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo nabo banezizinda ezehlukene zemfundo nezidingo zokuqeqeshwa.

Odokotela bengqondo

Odokotela bezengqondo abaphothule esikoleni sobudokotela ngesinye seziqu ezimbili:

• udokotela wezokwelapha (MD)
• udokotela wemithi ye-osteopathic (DO)

Funda kabanzi ngomehluko phakathi kwe-MD ne-DO.

Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu, bathatha isivivinyo esibhaliwe ukuze bathole ilayisense esifundazweni sabo sokwenza ubudokotela.

Ukuze babe ngudokotela wezifo zengqondo, kufanele baqedele ukuhlala iminyaka emine. Phakathi nalolu hlelo, basebenza nabantu abasezibhedlela nasezikhungweni zokugula. Bafunda indlela yokuxilonga nokwelapha izimo zempilo yengqondo besebenzisa imishanguzo, ukwelashwa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Odokotela bezengqondo kumele bathathe isivivinyo esinikezwa yi-American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology ukuze baqinisekiswe ngamabhodi. Kufanele baphinde bavuseleleke njalo eminyakeni eyi-10.

Abanye odokotela bengqondo bathola ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kokukhethekile, okufana nalokhu:

• umuthi wokulutha
• ukugula ngengqondo kwengane nentsha
• ukwelashwa kwengqondo kwezempilo
• i-forensic psychiatry
• umuthi wezinhlungu
• umuthi wokulala

Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo

Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ziqedela ukuqeqeshwa esikoleni esiphakeme kanye nezinga lobudokotela. Bangaphishekela enye yalezi ziqu:

• udokotela wefilosofi (PhD)
• udokotela wezengqondo (PsyD)

Kuthatha iminyaka emine kuya kweyisithupha ukuthola eyodwa yalezi ziqu.Lapho sebethole iziqu, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ziqedela olunye unyaka kuya kwemibili yoqeqesho olubandakanya ukusebenza nabantu. Ekugcineni, kufanele bathathe isivivinyo ukuze bathole ilayisense esifundazweni sabo.

Njengabahlengikazi bezengqondo, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo nazo zingathola ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ezindaweni ezifana nalezi:

• i-psychology yomtholampilo
• i-geropsychology
• i-neuropsychology
• ukuhlolwa kwengqondo
• i-psychology yocwaningo
• Psychology yezingane nentsha

Ukukhetha phakathi kwalokhu okubili

Udokotela wezifo zengqondo angaba ukukhetha okungcono uma unenkinga yezempilo yengqondo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga imithi, efana nale:

• ukucindezeleka okukhulu
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo
• schizophrenia

Uma ubhekene nesikhathi esinzima noma ufuna ukusebenzela ukuqonda kangcono imicabango nokuziphatha kwakho, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kungaba yindlela engcono.

Uma ungumzali obheke ukwelashwa kwengane yakho, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo singakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezindlela zokwelashwa, njengokudlala ukwelashwa. Udokotela wezifo zengqondo angakhetha kangcono uma ingane yakho inenkinga yengqondo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukwelashwa.

Khumbula ukuthi izimo eziningi ezivamile zempilo yengqondo, kufaka phakathi ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka, zivame ukuphathwa ngenhlanganisela yemithi kanye nokwelashwa kokukhuluma.

Kulezi zimo, kuyasiza kakhulu ukubona bobabili udokotela wezifo zengqondo nodokotela wezengqondo. Udokotela wezengqondo uzokwenza izikhathi zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile, kuyilapho udokotela wezifo zengqondo elawula imishanguzo.

Noma yimuphi uchwepheshe okhetha ukumbona, qiniseka ukuthi banakho:

• isipiliyoni sokwelashwa kohlobo lwakho lwesimo sempilo yengqondo
• indlela nendlela ekwenza uzizwe ukhululekile
• ama-aphoyintimenti avulekile anele ukuze ungalindi ukubonwa

Ukucatshangelwa kwezezimali

Uma unomshuwalense, kungadingeka ukuthi ubuze udokotela wakho oyinhloko ukuthi akudlulisele kubo bobabili isazi sezifo zengqondo kanye nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo. Ezinye izinhlelo zingakuvumela ukuthi ubone zombili ngaphandle kokudluliselwa.

Uma ungenawo umshwalense futhi ukhathazekile ngezindleko zokwelashwa, usenakho ongakhetha kukho. Cabanga ukufinyelela amakolishi endawo ngezinhlelo zempilo yezengqondo, ezengqondo, noma zokuziphatha. Banganikela ngezinsizakalo zamahhala noma ezingabizi kakhulu ezinikezwa abafundi abaphothule ngaphansi kweso elibukhali.

Ezinye izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zinikela ngenketho yokukhokha eslayidayo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhokhe ongakwazi ukukukhokhela. Ungazizwa ungakhululekile ukubuza ukuthi ngabe othile unikeza lokhu; kungumbuzo ovame ukwenzeka kongoti bezengqondo. Uma bengeke bakunikeze impendulo noma babonakale bengathandi ukuxoxa nawe ngamanani, kungenzeka ukuthi abakulungele kahle, noma kunjalo.

INeedyMeds, engenzi nzuzo ezinikele ekusizeni abantu bathole ukwelashwa nemithi engabizi, ibuye inikeze amathuluzi okuthola imitholampilo ebiza imali ephansi nezaphulelo emithini.

Okubalulekile

Odokotela bengqondo nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo izinhlobo ezimbili zabasebenzi bezempilo yengqondo. Ngenkathi kunokufana okuningana, badlala izindima ezahlukahlukene kuzilungiselelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Bobabili baphatha izimo ezahlukahlukene zempilo yengqondo, kepha ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ngenkathi odokotela bengqondo bevame ukusebenzisa ukuxuba kokwelapha nemithi, odokotela bengqondo bagxila ekunikezeni ukwelashwa.