Ithambo eliphukile

Uma ingcindezi ethe xaxa ifakwa ethanjeni kunokuba likwazi ukuma, lizoqhekeka noma liphuke. Ukuphuka kwanoma yisiphi isayizi kubizwa ngokuthi yi-fracture. Uma ithambo eliphukile libhoboza isikhumba, libizwa ngokuthi yi-open fracture (i-compound fracture).

Ukwephuka kwengcindezi ukuphuka kwethambo okwenzeka ngenxa yamandla aphindaphindiwe noma amade amelene nethambo. Ukucindezelwa okuphindaphindwayo kwenza ithambo lize ligcine liphukile.

Kunzima ukusho ilunga elihlukanisiwe nethambo eliphukile. Kodwa-ke, zombili izimo zezimo eziphuthumayo, futhi izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zosizo lokuqala ziyefana.

Okulandelayo yizimbangela ezivamile zamathambo aphukile:

• Uwe kusukela ekuphakameni
• Ukuhlukumezeka
• Izingozi zezimoto
• Ukushaya okuqondile
• Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane
• Amandla aphindaphindwayo, njengalawo abangelwa ukugijima, angadala ukuphuka kwengcindezi konyawo, iqakala, i-tibia, noma i-hip

Izimpawu zethambo eliphukile zifaka:

• Ilungu noma ilunga elibonakala liphuma endaweni noma elenziwe kabi
• Ukuvuvukala, ukulinyazwa, noma ukopha
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu
• Ukuba ndikindiki nokushosheka
• Isikhumba esiphukile kuphume amathambo
• Ukuhamba okulinganiselwe noma ukungakwazi ukuhambisa isitho

Izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala zifaka:

1. Bheka indlela yokuphefumula yomuntu nokuphefumula kwakhe. Uma kunesidingo, shayela u-911 bese uqala ukutakula ukuphefumula, i-CPR, noma ukulawula ukopha.
2. Thulisa umuntu futhi azole.
3. Hlola umuntu eduze ukuthola ezinye ukulimala.
4. Ezimweni eziningi, uma usizo lwezokwelapha luphendula ngokushesha, vumela abasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuthi bathathe ezinye izinyathelo.
5. Uma isikhumba siphukile, kufanele silashwe ngokushesha ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. Shayela usizo oluphuthumayo ngokushesha. UNGAPHhefumuli ngenxeba noma usihlole. Zama ukumboza isilonda ukugwema ukungcola okuqhubekayo. Mboza ngokugqoka okuyinyumba uma kutholakala. Ungazami ukuhlehlisa ukuphuka ngaphandle uma uqeqeshelwe ezokwelapha ukwenza kanjalo.
6. Uma kudingeka, khubaza ithambo eliphukile ngentambo noma indwayimane. Iziqephu ezingaba khona zifaka phakathi iphephandaba elisongwe noma amapheshana ezinkuni. Cindezela indawo ngenhla nangaphansi kwethambo elimele.
7. Faka amaphakethe e-ice ukunciphisa izinhlungu nokuvuvukala. Ukuphakamisa isitho nakho kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
8. Thatha izinyathelo ukuvimbela ukushaqeka. Beka umuntu isicaba, phakamisa izinyawo cishe ngamasentimitha angu-12 (30 cm) ngaphezulu kwekhanda, bese umboza umuntu ngejazi noma ngengubo. Kodwa-ke, UNGAMSUSI lowo muntu uma kusolwa ukulimala ekhanda, entanyeni noma emhlane.

HLOLA UKUNGCOLA KWEGAZI

Hlola ukujikeleza kwegazi komuntu. Cindezela ngokuqinile phezu kwesikhumba ngaphesheya kwesayithi lokwephuka. (Isibonelo, uma ukuphuka kusemlenzeni, cindezela onyaweni). Kufanele iqale iblanch white bese ithi "pink up" cishe ngemizuzwana emi-2. Izimpawu zokuthi ukusakazeka kwenele zifaka phakathi isikhumba esiphaphathekile noma esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuhayiza, kanye nokulahleka kwenhliziyo

Uma ukusakazwa kwegazi kukubi futhi abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe bengekho ngokushesha, zama ukuqondisa kabusha isitho endaweni ejwayelekile yokuphumula. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, nomonakalo ezicubu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi.

LAPHA UKopha

Beka indwangu eyomile, ehlanzekile phezu kwesilonda ukusigqokisa.

Uma ukuphuma kwegazi kuqhubeka, faka ingcindezi eqondile endaweni lapho kuphuma khona ukopha. UNGAYIFAKI i-tourniquet emaphethelweni ukunqanda ukopha ngaphandle uma kusongela impilo. Izicubu zingaphila isikhathi esilinganiselwe kuphela uma kusetshenziswe i-tourniquet.

• UNGAMnyakazisi umuntu ngaphandle kokuthi ithambo eliphukile lizinzile.
• UNGAMUKISI umuntu okhalweni, okhalweni, noma onyaweni olimele ngaphandle uma kudingeka ngempela. Uma kufanele umhambise lowo muntu, donsela lowo muntu ezokuphepha ngezingubo zakhe (njengamahlombe ehembe, ibhande, noma imilenze yephenti).
• UNGAMSUSI umuntu olimale umgogodla.
• UNGAZAMI ukuqondisa ithambo noma ukushintsha ukuma kwalo ngaphandle uma ukujikeleza kwegazi kubonakala kuthikamezeka futhi kungekho basebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kwezokwelapha abaseduzane.
• UNGAZAMI ukubeka kabusha ukulimala komgogodla okusolwayo.
• UNGAVivinyi ikhono lokuhamba kwethambo.

Shayela ku-911 uma:

• Umuntu akaphenduli noma ulahlekelwa ukwazi.
• Kunethambo okusolwa ukuthi liphukile ekhanda, entanyeni, noma emuva.
• Kunethambo okusolwa ukuthi liphukile enqulwini, okhalweni, noma emlenzeni ongaphezulu.
• Awukwazi ukukhubaza ngokuphelele ukulimala endaweni yesehlakalo uwedwa.
• Kopha kakhulu.
• Indawo engezansi kwejoyinti elimele iphaphathekile, iyabanda, i-clammy, noma iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Kukhona ithambo elivelayo ngesikhumba.

Yize amanye amathambo aphukile engase angabi yizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha, kusafanele ukuthi athole ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuthola ukuthi uzobonwa kuphi futhi nini.

Uma ingane encane yenqaba ukubeka isisindo engalweni noma emlenzeni ngemuva kwengozi, ngeke ihambise ingalo noma umlenze, noma ungabona kahle ukukhubazeka, ucabange ukuthi ingane iphuke ithambo futhi ithole usizo lwezokwelapha.

Thatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo ukunciphisa ubungozi bethambo eliphukile:

• Gqoka izinto zokuzivikela ngenkathi ushibilika eqhweni, uhamba ngebhayisikili, ugoqa ama-roller futhi ubamba iqhaza emidlalweni yokuxhumana. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusebenzisa isigqoko sokuzivikela, izindololwane zezindololwane, izigqoko zamadolo, onogada besihlakala, kanye nama-shin pads.
• Yakha ikhaya eliphephile lezingane ezincane. Beka isango ezitebhisini bese ugcina amawindi evaliwe.
• Fundisa izingane indlela yokuphepha nokuzinakekela.
• Gada izingane ngokucophelela. Akukho okunye okungathatha indawo yokuqondisa, noma ngabe indawo noma isimo sibonakala siphephe kangakanani.
• Vimbela ukuwa ngokungami ezihlalweni, eziqongweni zokuphikisa, noma ezinye izinto ezingazinzile. Susa omagazini nezintambo zikagesi ezindaweni eziphansi. Sebenzisa ama-handrails ezitebhisini nakomata abangashushuluzi kubhavu wokugeza. Lezi zinyathelo zibaluleke kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile.

Ithambo - liphukile; Ukwephuka; Ukucindezeleka ukuphuka; Ukuphuka kwamathambo

• Ukulungiswa kokuphuka kwesifazane - ukukhipha
• Ukwephuka kwe-Hip - ukukhishwa

• I-X-ray
• Izinhlobo zokwephuka (1)
• Ukwephuka, ingalo yangaphambili - i-x-ray
• I-Osteoclast
• Ukulungiswa kwamathambo - uchungechunge
• Izinhlobo zokwephuka (2)
• Idivayisi yokulungisa yangaphandle
• Ukwahlukana kupuleti lokukhula
• Amadivayisi okulungisa angaphakathi

UGeiderman JM, Katz D. Izimiso ezijwayelekile zokulimala kwamathambo. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 42.

UKim C, uKaar SG. Ukuhlukana okuvame ukuhlangana nomuthi wezemidlalo. Ku: Miller MD, Thompson SR, ama-eds. UDeLee Drez & Miller's Orthopedic Sports Medicine. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 10.

I-Whittle AP. Izimiso ezijwayelekile zokwelashwa kokuphuka. Ku: Azar FM, Beaty JH, Kanale ST, ama-eds. I-Operational Orthopedics yaseCampbell. Umhlaka 13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 53.