Ukuhlukaniswa

Ukuhlukaniswa kungukuhlukaniswa kwamathambo amabili lapho ahlangana khona ngokuhlangana. Ilunga yindawo lapho kuhlangana khona amathambo amabili, okuvumela ukunyakaza.

Ilunga elihlukanisiwe liyinhlanganisela lapho amathambo engasekho ezindaweni zawo ezijwayelekile.

Kungaba nzima ukutshela ilunga elihlukanisiwe nethambo eliphukile. Zombili izimo eziphuthumayo ezidinga ukwelashwa kosizo lokuqala.

Ukuhlukaniswa okuningi kungelashwa ehhovisi likadokotela noma egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo. Ungahle unikezwe umuthi wokukwenza ulale futhi wenze indawo ibe ndikindiki. Kwesinye isikhathi, i-anesthesia ejwayelekile ekubeka ebuthongweni obukhulu iyadingeka.

Lapho welashwa kusenesikhathi, ukususwa okuningi akubangeli ukulimala unomphela.

Kufanele ulindele ukuthi:

• Ukulimala kwezicubu ezizungezile ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayi-12 ukuphola. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuhlinzekwa ukulungisa umgudu okhalayo lapho ijoyinti likhishwa kuyadingeka.
• Ukulimala kwezinzwa nemithambo yegazi kungaholela ezinkingeni zesikhathi eside noma ezihlala njalo.

Uma ilunga selisusiwe, maningi amathuba okuthi liphinde lenzeke. Ngemuva kokuphathwa ekamelweni labezimo eziphuthumayo, kufanele ulandele udokotela ohlinzayo wamathambo (udokotela wamathambo nowokujoyina).

Ukuhlukaniswa ngokuvamile kubangelwa umthelela ongazelelwe ohlangene. Lokhu kuvame ukuvela ngokulandela ukushaya, ukuwa, noma okunye ukuhlukumezeka.

Ilunga elihlukanisiwe lingaba:

• Kuhambisana nokuba ndikindiki noma ukuhayiza ejoyintini noma ngaphesheya kwalo
• Kubuhlungu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma uzama ukusebenzisa ilunga noma ubeka isisindo kulo
• Kunomkhawulo ekuhambeni
• Ivuvukile noma ilimele
• Ibonakala ingekho endaweni, ikhanyisiwe, noma ifihlekile

Indololwana yomhlengikazi, noma indololwane edonswayo, ukuhlukaniswa okuyingxenye okuvamile ezinganeni. Uphawu oluyinhloko ubuhlungu ukuze ingane ingafuni ukusebenzisa ingalo. Lokhu kususwa kungaphathwa kalula ehhovisi likadokotela.

Izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala ongazithatha:

1. Shayela u-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yasendaweni ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwelapha umuntu ongahlukaniswa, ikakhulukazi uma ingozi edale ukulimala kungenzeka isongele impilo.
2. Uma lo muntu elimele kanzima, hlola indlela yakhe yomoya, ukuphefumula, nokujikeleza kwegazi. Uma kunesidingo, qala i-CPR, noma ukulawula ukopha.
3. Ungamnyakazisi umuntu uma ucabanga ukuthi ikhanda, umhlane noma umlenze wakhe ulimele. Gcina umuntu ezolile futhi ethule.
4. Uma isikhumba siphukile, thatha izinyathelo ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. Ungashayi esilondeni. Hlanza indawo ngobumnene ngamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze ususe noma ikuphi ukungcola ongakubona, kodwa ungakhubi noma uphenye. Vala indawo ngokugqokiswa okuyinyumba ngaphambi kokukhubaza ilunga elilimele. Ungazami ukubeka ithambo endaweni yalo ngaphandle kokuthi ungungoti wethambo.
5. Faka isigaxa noma indwayimane kwilungu elilimele endaweni otholakale kuyo. Ungahambisi ilunga. Futhi khipha indawo ngenhla nangaphansi kwendawo elimele.
6. Hlola ukujikeleza kwegazi eduze kokulimala ngokucindezela ngokuqinile esikhunjeni endaweni ethintekile. Kufanele iphenduke imhlophe, bese ibuyisa umbala kumasekhondi ambalwa ngemuva kokuyeka ukuyicindezela. Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka, ungenzi lesi sinyathelo uma isikhumba siphukile.
7. Faka amaphakethe eqhwa ukudambisa izinhlungu nokuvuvukala, kepha ungafaki iqhwa ngqo esikhunjeni. Songa iqhwa ngendwangu ehlanzekile.
8. Thatha izinyathelo ukuvimbela ukushaqeka. Ngaphandle kokuthi kunekhanda, umlenze, noma ukulimala emuva, beka isisulu phansi, uphakamise izinyawo zazo ngamasentimitha angu-12 (30 cm), bese umboza umuntu ngejazi noma ngengubo.

• Ungamnyakazisi lowo muntu ngaphandle uma ukulimala kungasebenzi ngokuphelele.
• Ungamnyakazisi umuntu okhalweni olimele, okhalweni, noma emlenzeni ongaphezulu ngaphandle uma kudingeka ngempela. Uma kunguwe wedwa umkhululi futhi umuntu kufanele asuswe, bahudule ngezingubo zabo.
• Ungazami ukuqondisa ithambo elakhiwe kabi noma ilunga noma uzame ukushintsha ukuma kwalo.
• Ungahloli ithambo elakhiwe kabi noma ilunga ngokulahleka komsebenzi.
• Ungamniki lutho umuntu ngomlomo.

Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo ngokushesha uma umuntu enakho okulandelayo:

• Ithambo livela esikhunjeni
• Ukuhlukaniswa okwaziwayo noma okusolwayo noma ithambo eliphukile
• Indawo engezansi kwejoyini elimele ephaphathekile, ebandayo, eyi-clammy, noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Ukopha kakhulu
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengokufudumala noma ukubomvu endaweni elimele, ubomvu, noma imfiva

Ukusiza ukuvikela ukulimala ezinganeni:

• Dala indawo ephephile ezungeze ikhaya lakho.
• Siza ukuvimbela ukuwa ngokubeka amasango ezitebhisini nokugcina amawindi evaliwe futhi ekhiyiwe.
• Gcina iso elibukhali ezinganeni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Akukho okunye okungathatha indawo yokuqapha okusondele, noma ngabe indawo noma isimo sibonakala siphephe kangakanani.
• Fundisa izingane indlela yokuphepha nokuzinakekela.

Ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu abadala:

• Ukugwema ukuwa, ungami ezihlalweni, kuziphephethi, noma kwezinye izinto ezingazinzile.
• Qeda ama-rugs wokuphonsa, ikakhulukazi eduze kwabantu abadala asebekhulile.
• Gqoka izinto zokuzivikela lapho ubamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo.

Kuwo wonke amaqembu eminyaka:

• Gcina ikhi yosizo lokuqala ilusizo.
• Susa izintambo zikagesi phansi.
• Sebenzisa ama-handrails ezitebhisini.
• Sebenzisa amacansi angadonswa phansi kubhavu futhi ungasebenzisi owoyela bokugeza.

Ukuhlukaniswa okuhlangene

• Ukulimala kwekhanda le-Radial
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwesinqe
• Ukuhlangana kwehlombe

UKlimke A, Furin M, Overberger R. Prehospital immobilization. Ku: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, ama-eds. Izinqubo Zomtholampilo zikaRoberts noHedges ku-Emergency Medicine kanye ne-Acute Care. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 46.

UMascioli AA. Ukuhlukaniswa okunamandla. Ku: Azar FM, Beaty JH, Kanale ST, ama-eds. I-Operational Orthopedics yaseCampbell. Umhlaka 13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 60.

ENaples RM, Ufberg JW. Ukuphathwa kokuhlukaniswa okuvamile. Ku: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, ama-eds. Izinqubo Zomtholampilo zikaRoberts noHedges ku-Emergency Medicine kanye ne-Acute Care. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 49.