Inyoka iyaluma

Ukulunywa yinyoka kwenzeka lapho inyoka iluma isikhumba. Ziyizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha uma inyoka inobuthi.

Izilwane ezinobuthi zibala inani elikhulu lokufa nokulimala emhlabeni jikelele. Izinyoka zizodwa kulinganiselwa ukuthi ziluma ukulunywa okunesihlungu unyaka ngamunye, okuholela ekufeni kwabantu ababalelwa ku-125,000. Inombolo yangempela ingaba nkulu kakhulu. ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eNdiya, eBrazil nasezindaweni zase-Afrika zinabantu abaningi ababulawa yinyoka.

Ukulunywa yizinyoka kungaba yingozi uma kungalashwa ngokushesha. Ngenxa yobukhulu bomzimba wazo omncane, izingane zisengozini enkulu yokufa noma yezinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yokulunywa yizinyoka.

I-antivenin elungile ingasindisa impilo yomuntu. Ukufika egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha okukhulu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma ilashwa kahle, ukulunywa izinyoka okuningi ngeke kube nemiphumela emibi.

Ngisho nokulunywa yinyoka engenabuthi kungadala ukulimala okukhulu.

Izinhlobo eziningi zenyoka azinabungozi futhi ukulunywa kwazo akukhona ukusongela impilo.

Ukulunywa yizinyoka ezinobuthi kufaka ukulunywa nganoma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Imfezi
• Ikhanda lethusi
• Inyoka yamakhorali
• ICottonmouth (i-moccasin yamanzi)
• I-Rattlesnake
• Izinyoka ezahlukahlukene ezitholakala ema-zoo

Izinyoka eziningi zizogwema abantu uma kungenzeka, kepha zonke izinyoka zizoluma njengesixazululo sokugcina lapho zisongelwa noma zimangala. Uma ulunywe yinoma iyiphi inyoka, kubheke njengomcimbi obucayi.

Izimpawu zincike ohlotsheni lwenyoka, kepha zingafaka:

• Ukopha enxebeni
• Ukubona okufiphele
• Ukusha kwesikhumba
• Ukudlikizela (ukuqubuka)
• Uhudo
• Isiyezi
• Ukujuluka okweqile
• Ukuquleka
• Fang amamaki esikhumbeni
• Imfiva
• Ukoma okwengeziwe
• Ukulahleka kokuhlanganiswa kwemisipha
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuba ndikindiki nokushosheka
• Ukushaya ngamandla okusheshayo
• Ukufa kwezicubu
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu
• Ukuguqulwa kwesikhumba
• Ukuvuvukala endaweni yokulunywa
• Ubuthakathaka

Ukulunywa kwe-Rattlesnake kubuhlungu lapho kwenzeka. Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ngokushesha futhi zingafaka:

• Ukopha
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukubona okufiphele
• Ijwabu lehla
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ubudikadika
• Ubuhlungu esizeni sokulunywa
• Ukukhubazeka
• Ukushaya ngamandla okusheshayo
• Izinguquko zombala wesikhumba
• Ukuvuvukala
• Ukulinganisa
• Ukulimala kwezicubu
• Omile
• Ukukhathala
• Ubuthakathaka
• I-pulse ebuthakathaka

Ukulunywa kweCottonmouth ne-copperhead kubuhlungu lapho kwenzeka. Izimpawu, ezivame ukuqala ngokushesha, zingafaka:

• Ukopha
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuba ndikindiki nokushosheka
• Ubuhlungu esizeni sokulunywa
• Ukushaqeka
• Izinguquko zombala wesikhumba
• Ukuvuvukala
• Omile
• Ukukhathala
• Ukulimala kwezicubu
• Ubuthakathaka
• I-pulse ebuthakathaka

Ukulunywa yinyoka yamakhorali kungahle kungabi buhlungu ekuqaleni. Izimpawu ezinkulu kungenzeka zingakhuli amahora. UNGENZI iphutha lokucabanga ukuthi uzolunga uma indawo yokuluma ibukeka kahle kanti ungekho ezinhlungwini eziningi. Ukulunywa yinyoka yamakhorali okungalashwa kungaba yingozi. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukubona okufiphele
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukudlikizela
• Ukozela
• Ijwabu lehla
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi
• Ukunisela ngomlomo (amathe amaningi)
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ubudikadika
• Ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala endaweni yokulunywa
• Ukukhubazeka
• Ukushaqeka
• Inkulumo eshisiwe
• Ukugwinya ubunzima
• Ukuvuvukala kolimi nomphimbo
• Ubuthakathaka
• Izinguquko zombala wesikhumba
• Ukulimala kwezicubu zesikhumba
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma besisu
• I-pulse ebuthakathaka

Landela lezi zinyathelo ukunikeza usizo lokuqala:

1. Gcina umuntu ezolile. Baqinisekise ukuthi ukulunywa kungalashwa ngempumelelo egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo. Vimbela ukunyakaza, futhi ugcine indawo ethintekile ingaphansi kwezinga lenhliziyo ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwesihlungu.

2. Susa noma yiziphi izindandatho noma izinto ezivalelayo, ngoba indawo ethintekile ingavuvukala. Dala isigaxa esivulekile ukusiza ukukhawulela ukuhamba kwendawo.

3. Uma indawo yokuluma iqala ukuvuvukala futhi ishintshe umbala, mhlawumbe inyoka ibinobuhlungu.

4. Bheka izimpawu zomuntu ezibalulekile - izinga lokushisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula, nomfutho wegazi - uma kungenzeka. Uma kunezimpawu zokushaqeka (njengokuphaphatheka), beka lowo muntu phansi, uphakamise izinyawo cishe ngonyawo (amasentimitha angama-30), bese umboza umuntu ngengubo.

5. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

6. Uma kungenzeka, qaphela umbala, ukuma, nobukhulu benyoka. Lokhu kungasiza ekwelashweni kokulunywa. Ungachithi isikhathi uzingela inyoka, futhi ungayicupheli noma uyicoshe. Uma inyoka ifile, qaphela ikhanda - inyoka ingakwazi ukuluma (kusuka ekucabangeni) amahora amaningi ngemuva kokuthi ifile.

Landela lezi zixwayiso:

• UNGAYICOSI inyoka noma uzame ukuyicupha.
• UNGALINDI ukuthi kuvele izimpawu uma ulunywa. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• UNGAVUMELI lowo muntu ukuba azikhandle ngokweqile. Uma kudingeka, phatha lowo muntu uye naye endaweni ephephile.
• UNGAYENZI i-tourniquet.
• UNGAYisebenzisi ingcindezi ebandayo lapho ulunywa yinyoka.
• UNGALIFAKI iqhwa noma ucwilise inxeba emanzini.
• UNGASIKE ngokulunywa yinyoka ngommese noma ngensingo.
• Ungazami ukumunca ubuthi ngomlomo.
• UNGAMUNIKI lowo muntu imishanguzo noma imishanguzo yezinhlungu ngaphandle uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi wenze njalo.
• UNGANIKI lutho ngomlomo.
• UNGAKHAKALI isayithi lokulunywa ngaphezu kwezinga lenhliziyo yomuntu.

Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yendawo uma othile elunywe yinyoka. Uma kungenzeka, shayela phambili egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze i-antivenin ikwazi ukulungela lapho umuntu efika.

Isikhungo sakho sendawo esinoshevu singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela inombolo yocingo yamahhala kazwelonke engakhokhelwa (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States. Le nombolo yocingo kazwelonke izokuvumela ukuthi ukhulume nezazi. Bazokunikeza eminye imiyalelo.

Le yisevisi yamahhala futhi eyimfihlo. Zonke izikhungo zokulawula ubuthi e-United States zisebenzisa le nombolo kazwelonke. Kufanele ushaye uma unemibuzo mayelana nobuthi noma ukuvimbela ubuthi. Akudingeki ukuthi kube yisimo esiphuthumayo. Ungashayela nganoma yisiphi isizathu, amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngeviki.

Ukuvimbela ukulunywa yizinyoka:

• Gwema izindawo okungenzeka ukuthi zicashe kuzo izinyoka, njengaphansi kwamatshe nezingodo.
• Noma izinyoka eziningi zingenabo ubuthi, gwema ukucosha noma ukudlala nganoma iyiphi inyoka ngaphandle kokuthi uqeqeshwe kahle.
• Musa ukucasula inyoka. Yilapho kulunywa khona izinyoka eziningi ezinzima.
• Thepha ngaphambi kwakho ngenduku yokuhamba ngaphambi kokungena endaweni lapho ungaziboni khona izinyawo zakho. Izinyoka zizozama ukukugwema uma unikezwa isexwayiso esanele.
• Uma uhamba endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi inezinyoka, gqoka amabhulukwe amade namabhuthi uma kungenzeka.

Ukulunywa - izinyoka; Ukulunywa yinyoka enobuthi

• Ukulunywa inyoka emunweni
• Ukulunywa inyoka emunweni
• Ukulunywa yinyoka
• Izinyoka ezinobuthi - uchungechunge
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Snakebite (sumu) - Uchungechunge

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Izinyoka ezinobuthi. www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/snakes/symptoms.html. Kubuyekezwe uMeyi 31, 2018. Kufinyelelwe kuDisemba 12, 2018.

I-Otten EJ. Ukulimala kwezilwane ezinobuthi. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 55.

AmaTibballs J. Envenomation. Ku: Bersten AD, Handy JM, eds. Ibhukwana Lokunakekela Abagula Ngokujulile. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 86.