Ukuvalwa kwendlela ephezulu yomoya

Ukuvaleka kwendlela ephezulu yomoya kwenzeka lapho izindima zokuphefumula eziphezulu zincipha noma zivalekile, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Izindawo ezisendleleni yomoya engenhla engathinteka yi-windpipe (trachea), ibhokisi lezwi (umphimbo), noma umphimbo (umphimbo).

Indlela yomoya ingancipha noma ivinjwe ngenxa yezimbangela eziningi, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukusabela okweqile lapho kuvuleka khona i-trachea noma umphimbo, kufaka phakathi ukusabela okweqile ku-bee sting, amakinati, ama-antibiotic (njenge-penicillin), kanye nemithi yomfutho wegazi (njenge-ACE inhibitors)
• Ukusha kwamakhemikhali nokusabela
• I-Epiglottitis (ukutheleleka kwesakhiwo esihlukanisa i-trachea esophagus)
• Umlilo noma ukusha ngokuphefumula emsini
• Imizimba yangaphandle, njengamakinati nokunye ukudla okuphefumulelwe, izingcezu zebhaluni, izinkinobho, izinhlamvu zemali namathoyizi amancane
• Ukutheleleka kwendawo ephezulu yomoya
• Ukulimala endaweni ephezulu yomoya
• Ithumba lePeritonsillar (ukuqoqwa kwezinto ezithelelekile eduze kwamathoni)
• Ubuthi obuvela ezintweni ezithile, njenge-strychnine
• Ithumba le-Retropharyngeal (ukuqoqwa kwezinto ezithelelekile ngemuva kwendlela yomoya)
• Ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya okukhulu
• Umdlavuza womphimbo
• I-Tracheomalacia (ubuthakathaka be-cartilage esekela i-trachea)
• Izinkinga zezintambo
• Ukudlulisa noma ukungazi lutho

Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuvinjelwa komoya bahlanganisa labo abane:

• Izinkinga ze-Neurologic njengokugwinya ubunzima ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi
• Amazinyo alahlekile
• Izinkinga ezithile zempilo yengqondo

Izingane ezincane nabantu abadala asebekhulile nabo basengozini enkulu yokuvinjelwa komoya.

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka, kuya ngesizathu. Kepha ezinye izimpawu zivamile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuvinjelwa komoya. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuyaluza noma ukuzulazula
• Umbala we-Bluish esikhumbeni (i-cyanosis)
• Izinguquko ekwazini
• Ukuchofoza
• Ukudideka
• Kunzima ukuphefumula, ukuhefuzela umoya, okuholele ekuthukeni
• Ukuquleka
• Ukuqhaqhazela, ukukhala, ukushaya ikhwela, noma eminye imisindo yokuphefumula engajwayelekile ekhombisa ubunzima bokuphefumula

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokuhlola ngokomzimba futhi abheke indlela yomoya. Umhlinzeki uzobuza futhi mayelana nokuthi yini imbangela yokuvinjelwa.

Ukuhlolwa ngokuvamile akudingeki, kepha kungafaka:

• I-Bronchoscopy (ishubhu ngomlomo ungene ku-trachea kanye namashubhu e-bronchial)
• I-Laryngoscopy (ishubhu ngomlomo lingene ngemuva komphimbo ne-voicebox)
• Ama-X-ray

Ukwelashwa kuya ngesizathu sokuvinjelwa.

• Izinto ezinamathele emoyeni zingasuswa ngezinsimbi ezikhethekile.
• Ishubhu lingafakwa ku-airway (endotracheal tube) ukusiza ngokuphefumula.
• Kwesinye isikhathi kuvulwa entanyeni kungene umoya (i-tracheostomy noma i-cricothyrotomy).

Uma ukuvinjelwa kungenxa yomzimba wangaphandle, njengocezu lokudla oluphefumulelwe ngaphakathi, ukwenza ukuqunjelwa esiswini noma ukucindezelwa kwesifuba kungasindisa impilo yomuntu.

Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kuvame ukuphumelela. Kodwa lesi simo siyingozi futhi singase sibulale, ngisho nalapho silashwa.

Uma ukuvinjelwa kungakhululiwe, kungadala:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula
• Ukufa

Ukuvinjelwa komoya ngokuvamile kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo ukuze uthole usizo lwezokwelapha. Landela imiyalelo yokuthi ungamsiza kanjani umuntu aphefumule kuze kufike usizo.

Ukuvimbela kuncike embangela yokuvinjelwa okuphezulu komoya.

Izindlela ezilandelayo zingasiza ukuvimbela ukuvinjelwa:

• Yidla kancane futhi uhlafune ukudla ngokuphelele.
• Ungaphuzi utshwala obuningi ngaphambi kokudla noma ngenkathi udla.
• Gcina izinto ezincane kude nezingane ezincane.
• Qiniseka ukuthi amazinyo okufakelwa alingana kahle.

Funda ukubona isibonakaliso sendawo yonke sokungakwazi ukuphefumula ngenxa yendlela evinjiwe yomoya: ukubamba intamo ngesandla esisodwa noma zombili. Futhi funda ukuthi ungasula kanjani umzimba wangaphandle ku-airway usebenzisa indlela efana nokuphonswa esiswini.

Ukuvinjelwa komoya - okuphezulu okuphezulu

• Ukwakheka komphimbo
• Ukuchofoza
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula

Umshayeli BE, Reardon RF. Ukuphathwa okuyisisekelo kwe-airway nokwenza izinqumo. Ku: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, ama-eds. Izinqubo Zomtholampilo zikaRoberts noHedges ku-Emergency Medicine kanye ne-Acute Care. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 3.

Izimo eziphuthumayo zokuphefumula kwezingane zikaRose E. Pediatric: ukuvimba okuphezulu komoya kanye nezifo. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 167.

UThomas SH, uGoodloe JM. Imizimba yangaphandle. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 53.