I-pneumonia yegciwane

I-pneumonia iyavuvukala noma ivuvukele izicubu zamaphaphu ngenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane.

I-pneumonia yegciwane libangelwa igciwane.

I-pneumonia ye-virus kungenzeka ukuthi yenzeke ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu abadala asebekhulile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imizimba yabo inesikhathi esinzima kakhulu ukulwa negciwane kunabantu abanamasosha omzimba aqinile.

I-pneumonia ye-virus ivame ukubangelwa elinye lamagciwane amaningi:

• Igciwane le-syncytial yokuphefumula (i-RSV)
• Igciwane lomkhuhlane
• Igciwane le-Parainfluenza
• I-Adenovirus (ejwayelekile kancane)
• Imasisi igciwane
• Ama-Coronaviruses afana ne-SARS-CoV-2, adala i-COVID-19 pneumonia

I-pneumonia ebucayi yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kungenzeka ukuthi yenzeke kulabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, njenge:

• Izingane ezizalwa zisencane kakhulu.
• Izingane ezinezinkinga zenhliziyo namaphaphu.
• Abantu abane-HIV / AIDS.
• Abantu abathola i-chemotherapy ngomdlavuza, noma eminye imithi eyehlisa amandla amasosha omzimba.
• Abantu abaye bafakelwa isitho esithile.
• Amanye amagciwane afana nomkhuhlane kanye ne-SARS-CoV2 angaholela ekuphatheni okubi kakhulu kweziguli ezisencane futhi ezinempilo.

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia ye-virus zivame ukuqala kancane futhi kungenzeka zingabi namandla ekuqaleni.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-pneumonia yilezi:

• Ukukhwehlela (ngezinye izifo zomoya) ungakhwehlela amafinyila, noma amafinyila anegazi)
• Imfiva
• Ukunyakazisa amakhaza
• Ukuphefumula (kungenzeka kuphela uma uzikhandla)

Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukudideka, imvamisa kubantu abadala
• Ukujuluka okweqile nesikhumba se-clammy
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla, amandla amancane, nokukhathala
• Ubuhlungu besifuba obucijile noma obugwinyayo obuba nzima lapho uphefumula kakhulu noma ukhwehlela
• Ukukhathala

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu.

Uma umhlinzeki ecabanga ukuthi une-pneumonia, uzoba ne-x-ray yesifuba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhlolwa komzimba kungenzeka kungakwazi ukutshela inyumoniya kusuka kwezinye izifo zokuphefumula.

Ngokuya ngokuthi izimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani, ezinye izivivinyo zingenziwa, kufaka phakathi:

• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• I-CT scan yesifuba
• Amasiko egazi ukuhlola amagciwane egazini (noma amabhaktheriya angadala izifo zesibili)
• I-Bronchoscopy (ayidingeki kakhulu)
• Ukuhlolwa komphimbo namakhala ukubheka amagciwane afana nomkhuhlane
• Vula i-lung biopsy (kwenziwa kuphela ezifweni ezimbi kakhulu lapho ukuxilongwa kungenakwenziwa kweminye imithombo)
• Isiko lesikhohlela (ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela)
• Ukukala amazinga we-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide egazini

Imithi elwa namagciwane ayiluphathi lolu hlobo lokutheleleka kwamaphaphu. Imithi elapha amagciwane ingasebenza ngokumelene ne-pneumonia ethile ebangelwa umkhuhlane kanye nomndeni wamagciwane we-herpes. Le mithi ingazanywa uma ukutheleleka kusheshe kubanjwe.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka futhi:

• Imithi ye-Corticosteroid
• Uketshezi olwengeziwe
• Oxygen
• Ukusetshenziswa komoya oswakeme

Ukuhlala esibhedlela kungadingeka uma ungakwazi ukuphuza ngokwanele nokusiza ekuphefumuleni uma amazinga e-oxygen ephansi kakhulu.

Abantu kungenzeka ukuthi bangeniswe esibhedlela uma:

• Bangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 noma izingane
• Abakwazi ukuzinakekela ekhaya, ukudla noma ukuphuza
• Yiba nenye inkinga enkulu yezokwelapha, njengenhliziyo noma inkinga yezinso
• Bengilokhu ngithatha ama-antibiotics ekhaya futhi angabi ngcono
• Yiba nezimpawu ezinzima

Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi bangelashwa ekhaya. Ungathatha lezi zinyathelo ekhaya:

• Lawula umkhuhlane wakho nge-aspirin, izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID, njenge-ibuprofen noma i-naproxen), noma i-acetaminophen. UNGAYINIKI i-aspirin izingane ngoba ingadala ukugula okuyingozi okubizwa nge-Reye syndrome.
• UNGAYITHATHI imishanguzo yokukhwehlela ungakaqali ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho. Imithi yokukhwehlela ingenza kube nzima emzimbeni wakho ukukhwehlela isikhwehlela.
• Phuza uketshezi oluningi ukusiza ukukhulula uketshezi nokukhuphula i-phlegm.
• Thola ukuphumula okuningi. Yiba nomunye umuntu enze imisebenzi yasekhaya.

Izimo eziningi ze-pneumonia yegciwane zimnene futhi ziba ngcono ngaphandle kokwelashwa kungakapheli isonto elilodwa kuya kwamathathu. Amanye amacala abucayi kakhulu futhi adinga ukuhlala esibhedlela.

Ukutheleleka okungathi sína kakhulu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni ukuphefumula, ukwehluleka kwesibindi, nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kwenzeka ngesikhathi noma ngemuva nje kwe-pneumonia yegciwane, okungaholela ezinhlotsheni ezimbi kakhulu zenyumoniya.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma izimpawu ze-pneumonia yegciwane zikhula noma isimo sakho siba sibi ngemuva kokuqala ukuthuthuka.

Geza izandla zakho kaningi, ngemuva kokushaya amakhala, ukuya endlini yangasese, ukushintsha ingane iziphuzo, nangaphambi kokudla noma ukulungisa ukudla.

Gwema ukuthintana nezinye iziguli ezigulayo.

UNGABHALI. Ugwayi ulimaza ikhono lamaphaphu akho lokuvikela ukutheleleka.

Umuthi obizwa ngokuthi palivizumab (Synagis) unganikezwa izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingama-24 ukuvimbela i-RSV.

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane, unikezwa unyaka nonyaka ukuvimbela inyumoniya ebangelwa igciwane lomkhuhlane. Labo asebekhulile nalabo abanesifo sikashukela, i-asthma, isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD), umdlavuza, noma amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kufanele baqiniseke ukuthi bathola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane.

Uma amasosha akho omzimba ebuthakathaka, hlala kude nezixuku. Buza izivakashi ezinomkhuhlane ukuthi zigqoke imaski futhi zigeze izandla.

Inyumoniya - igciwane; I-pneumonia yokuhamba - igciwane

• I-pneumonia kubantu abadala - ukukhipha
• I-pneumonia ezinganeni - ukukhipha

• Amaphaphu
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula

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UMcCullers JA. Amagciwane omkhuhlane. Ku: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaFeigin neCherry's Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 178.

UMusher DM. Sibutsetelo se-pneumonia. Ku: IGoldman L, i-Schafer AI eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020; isahluko 91.

Roosevelt GE. Izimo eziphuthumayo zokuphefumula ezinganeni: izifo zamaphaphu. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 169.