Umkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane ukutheleleka kwekhala, umphimbo, namaphaphu. Isakazeka kalula.

Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngezinhlobo zomkhuhlane u-A no-B. Olunye uhlobo lomkhuhlane umkhuhlane wezingulube (i-H1N1).

Umkhuhlane ubangelwa igciwane lomkhuhlane.

Iningi labantu lihlaselwa umkhuhlane lapho liphefumula ngamaconsi amancane aphuma emoyeni ngenxa yokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula komuntu onomkhuhlane. Ungawubamba futhi umkhuhlane uma uthinta into enaleli gciwane, bese uthinta umlomo, ikhala, noma amehlo.

Abantu bavame ukudida imikhuhlane nemikhuhlane. Zihlukile, kepha ungaba nezimpawu ezifanayo. Iningi labantu lihlaselwa umkhuhlane kaningana ngonyaka. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abantu ngokuvamile bathola umkhuhlane kanye kuphela njalo eminyakeni embalwa.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ungathola igciwane elikwenza uphonsa noma uhudo. Abanye abantu bakubiza ngokuthi "umkhuhlane wesisu." Leli igama elidukisayo ngoba leli gciwane akuwona umkhuhlane wangempela. Umkhuhlane uthinta kakhulu ikhala lakho, umphimbo, namaphaphu.

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane zivame ukuqala ngokushesha. Ungaqala ukuzizwa ugula cishe izinsuku eziyi-1 ukuya kwezi-7 ngemuva kokuhlangana naleli gciwane. Isikhathi esiningi, izimpawu zivela kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.

Umkhuhlane usakazeka kalula. Kungathinta iqembu elikhulu labantu ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Isibonelo, abafundi nalabo osebenza nabo bavame ukugula kungakapheli amasonto ama-2 noma ama-3 kufike umkhuhlane esikoleni noma endaweni yokusebenza.

Uphawu lokuqala umkhuhlane ophakathi kuka-102 ° F (39 ° C) no-106 ° F (41 ° C). Umuntu omdala uvame ukuba nemfiva ephansi kunengane.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu bomzimba
• Amakhaza
• Isiyezi
• Ubuso obuthile
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukungabi namandla
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu, nezinhlungu ziqala ukuphela ngezinsuku 2 kuya ku-4. Kodwa kuvela izimpawu ezintsha, ezifaka:

• Ukukhwehlela okomile
• Izimpawu ezengeziwe ezithinta ukuphefumula
• Impumulo egijimayo (ecacile namanzi)
• Ukuthimula
• Umphimbo obuhlungu

Izimpawu eziningi ziyaphela ezinsukwini ezi-4 kuye kwezi-7. Ukukhwehlela nokuzizwa ukhathele kungahlala amasonto. Kwesinye isikhathi, umkhuhlane uyabuya.

Abanye abantu bangazizwa bengafuni ukudla.

Umkhuhlane ungenza i-asthma, izinkinga zokuphefumula, nezinye izifo zesikhathi eside (ezingamahlalakhona) nezimo zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Iningi labantu alidingi ukubona umhlinzeki wezempilo lapho enezimpawu zomkhuhlane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi labantu alikho engcupheni yokuba nomkhuhlane onzima kakhulu.

Uma ugula kakhulu ngomkhuhlane, ungahle uthande ukubona umhlinzeki wakho. Abantu abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga zomkhuhlane bangafuna futhi ukubona umhlinzeki uma bethola umkhuhlane.

Lapho abantu abaningi endaweni benomkhuhlane, umhlinzeki angenza ukuxilongwa ngemuva kokuzwa ngezimpawu zakho. Akukho okunye ukuhlolwa okudingekayo.

Kukhona ukuhlolwa ukuthola umkhuhlane. Kwenziwa ngokuswayipha ikhala noma umphimbo. Isikhathi esiningi, imiphumela yokuhlolwa itholakala ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuhlolwa kungasiza umhlinzeki wakho anikeze ukwelashwa okuhle kakhulu.

UKUNAKEKELWA KWEKHAYA

I-Acetaminophen (iTylenol) ne-ibuprofen (i-Advil, iMotrin) isiza umkhuhlane ophansi. Abahlinzeki kwesinye isikhathi baphakamisa ukuthi usebenzise zombili izinhlobo zemithi. UNGAYisebenzisi i-aspirin.

Umkhuhlane awudingi ukwehla uze ufike ezingeni lokushisa elijwayelekile. Iningi labantu lizizwa lingcono lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngo-1 degree.

Imithi ebandayo yasesithenjini ingenza ezinye izimpawu zakho zibe ngcono. Amaconsi okhohlela noma izifutho zomphimbo zizosiza ngomphimbo wakho obuhlungu.

Uzodinga ukuphumula okuningi. Phuza iziphuzo eziningi. UNGABHALI noma uphuze utshwala.

IZIDAKAMIZWA ZEMPILO

Iningi labantu abanezimpawu ezinzima lizizwa lingcono ezinsukwini ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4. Azidingi ukubona umhlinzeki noma ukuthatha imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane.

Abahlinzeki banganikeza imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane kubantu abagula kakhulu ngomkhuhlane. Ungayidinga le mithi uma kungenzeka ukuthi ube nezinkinga zomkhuhlane Izinkinga zezempilo ezingezansi zingakhuphula ubungozi bokugula nomkhuhlane.

• Isifo samaphaphu (kufaka phakathi i-asthma)
• Izimo zenhliziyo (ngaphandle kwengcindezi ephezulu yegazi)
• Izimo zezinso, zesibindi, zezinzwa nezemisipha
• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi (kufaka nesifo se-sickle cell)
• Isifo sikashukela
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngenxa yezifo (njenge-AIDS), ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma imithi ethile, kufaka phakathi i-chemotherapy kanye ne-corticosteroids
• Ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha zesikhathi eside

Le mithi inganciphisa isikhathi lapho unezimpawu khona cishe ngosuku olungu-1. Zisebenza kangcono uma uqala ukuzithatha zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili (2) sezimpawu zakho zokuqala.

Izingane ezisengcupheni yokuba nomkhuhlane onzima nazo zingayidinga le mithi.

Izigidi zabantu e-United States zithola umkhuhlane unyaka nonyaka. Iningi labantu liba ngcono kungakapheli isonto noma amabili, kepha izinkulungwane zabantu abanomkhuhlane ziba nenyumoniya noma ukutheleleka kobuchopho. Badinga ukuhlala esibhedlela. Cishe abantu abangama-36,000 e-United States bafa unyaka nonyaka ngezinkinga zomkhuhlane.

Noma ngubani kunoma yimuphi unyaka angaba nezinkinga ezinkulu ezivela kumkhuhlane. Labo abasengozini enkulu bafaka:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65
• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 ubudala
• Abesifazane abanezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 bekhulelwe
• Noma ngubani ohlala esikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside
• Noma ngubani onesimo esingapheli senhliziyo, amaphaphu noma izinso, isifo sikashukela, noma amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Inyumoniya
• I-Encephalitis (ukutheleleka kobuchopho)
• I-Meningitis
• Ukuquleka

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uthola umkhuhlane bese ucabanga ukuthi usengozini yokuba nezinkinga.

Futhi, shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma izimpawu zakho zomkhuhlane zimbi kakhulu futhi ukuzelapha ngokwakho akusebenzi.

Ungathatha izinyathelo zokugwema ukubamba noma ukusabalalisa umkhuhlane. Isinyathelo esihle kakhulu ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane.

Uma unemfuluwenza:

• Hlala efulethini lakho, ekamelweni lokulala, noma ekhaya okungenani amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuba umkhuhlane wakho uhambe.
• Gqoka imaski uma uphuma ekamelweni lakho.
• Gwema ukwabelana ngokudla, izitsha, izinkomishi noma amabhodlela.
• Sebenzisa i-sanitizer yesandla kaningi emini futhi njalo ngemuva kokuthinta ubuso bakho.
• Vala umlomo wakho ngezicubu lapho ukhwehlela bese uyilahla ngemuva kokusetshenziswa.
• Khwehlela emkhonweni wakho uma izicubu zingatholakali. Gwema ukuthinta amehlo, ikhala, nomlomo.

I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) incoma ukuthi wonke umuntu onezinyanga eziyisithupha nangaphezulu kufanele athole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane. Izingane ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ubudala zingadinga imithamo emi-2 ngesikhathi esisodwa somkhuhlane. Wonke umuntu udinga umthamo owodwa kuphela wesizini ngayinye yomkhuhlane. Ngesizini ka-2019-2020, i-CDC incoma ukusetshenziswa komkhuhlane (umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ongasebenzi noma i-IIV) nomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ohlanganisayo (RIV). Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wamakhala (umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ophila bukhoma, noma i-LAIV) unganikezwa abantu abaphilile, abangakhulelwe abaneminyaka emibili kuya kwengama-49 ubudala.

Umkhuhlane A; Umkhuhlane B; Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) - umkhuhlane; Zanamivir (Relenza) - umkhuhlane; Umuthi wokugoma - umkhuhlane

• Imikhuhlane nomkhuhlane - yini ongayibuza udokotela wakho - umuntu omdala
• Imikhuhlane nomkhuhlane - yini ongayibuza udokotela - ingane yakho
• I-pneumonia kubantu abadala - ukukhipha
• I-pneumonia ezinganeni - ukukhipha

• I-anatomy ejwayelekile yamaphaphu
• Umkhuhlane
• Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane we-Nasal

I-Aoki FY. Imithi elwa namagciwane yomkhuhlane namanye amagciwane okuphefumula. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 45.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Umkhuhlane ongasebenzi i-VIS. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/flu.html. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 15, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 19, 2020.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Umkhuhlane obukhoma, we-intranasal VIS. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/flulive.html. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 15, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 19, 2020.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Okufanele ukwazi ngemishanguzo yegciwane lengculaza. www.cdc.gov/flu/antivirals/whatyoushould.htm. Kubuyekezwe uJanuwari 25, 2021. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 17, 2021.

I-Havers FP, iCampbell AJP. Amagciwane omkhuhlane. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 285.

I-Ison MG, iHayden FG. Umkhuhlane. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 340.

UTreanor JJ. Amagciwane omkhuhlane, kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane wezinyoni nomkhuhlane wengulube. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 165.