Iphaphu eliwile (pneumothorax)

Iphaphu elibhidlikile lenzeka lapho umoya uphuma ephashini. Umoya bese ugcwalisa isikhala esingaphandle kwamaphaphu, phakathi kodonga lwamaphaphu nolwesifuba. Lokhu kwanda komoya kubeka ingcindezi emaphashini, ngakho-ke ngeke ikhule kakhulu njengoba ijwayele ukukwenza lapho uthatha umoya.

Igama lezokwelapha lalesi simo yi-pneumothorax.

Iphaphu eliwohlokile lingabangelwa ukulimala emaphashini. Ukulimala kungafaka ukudutshulwa noma inxeba lommese esifubeni, ukuphuka kwezimbambo, noma izinqubo ezithile zokwelashwa.

Kwezinye izimo, iphaphu eliwohlokile libangelwa amabhamuza omoya (i-blebs) avele avuleke, athumele umoya endaweni ezungeze iphaphu. Lokhu kungavela ekushintsheni kwengcindezi yomoya njengalapho ushayela nge-scuba noma uhambela endaweni ephakeme.

Abantu abade, abazacile nababhemayo basengozini enkulu yokuwa amaphaphu.

Izifo zamaphaphu nazo zingakhuphula amathuba okuthola iphaphu eliwohlokile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Isifuba Somoya
• Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD)
• ICystic fibrosis
• Isifo sofuba
• Ukukhohlela okubi

Kwezinye izimo, iphaphu eliwayo lavela ngaphandle kwesizathu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi iphaphu elivele lawa.

Izimpawu ezivamile zephaphu eliwile zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba obubukhali noma behlombe, obenziwa bube nzima ngokuphefumula okujulile noma ukukhwehlela
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• I-Nasal flaring (kusuka ekuphefumuleni)

I-pneumothorax enkulu ibangela izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu, kufaka phakathi:

• Umbala we-Bluish wesikhumba ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo
• Ukuqina kwesifuba
• Ubumhlophe futhi useduze nokuquleka
• Ukukhathala okulula
• Amaphethini angajwayelekile okuphefumula noma umzamo owengeziwe wokuphefumula
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukushaqeka nokuwa

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzolalela ukuphefumula kwakho nge-stethoscope. Uma unephaphu eliwile, kuncipha imisindo yokuphefumula noma awukho umoya ophefumulayo ohlangothini oluthintekile. Ungase futhi ube nomfutho wegazi ophansi.

Izivivinyo ezinga-odwa zifaka:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Imithambo yegazi yegazi nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• I-CT scan uma kusolwa okunye ukulimala noma izimo
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)

I-pneumothorax encane ingahamba yodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ungahle udinge ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen nokuphumula.

Umhlinzeki angasebenzisa inaliti ukuvumela umoya ukuba uphume kuzungeze iphaphu ukuze likhule ngokugcwele. Ungavunyelwa ukuthi uye ekhaya uma uhlala eduze kwesibhedlela.

Uma une-pneumothorax enkulu, kuzofakwa ithubhu yesifuba phakathi kwezimbambo esikhaleni esizungeze amaphaphu ukusiza ukukhipha umoya nokuvumela iphaphu ukuthi likhule kabusha. Ishubhu lesifuba lingashiywa likhona izinsuku eziningana futhi kungadingeka ukuthi uhlale esibhedlela. Uma kusetshenziswa ithubhu yesifuba encane noma i-flutter valve, ungakwazi ukuya ekhaya. Uzodinga ukubuyela esibhedlela ukuyokhishwa ithubhu noma i-valve.

Abanye abantu abanamaphaphu awele badinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe.

Ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu kungadingeka ukwelapha iphaphu eliwile noma ukuvimbela iziqephu ezizayo. Indawo lapho kuvele khona ukuvuza kungalungiswa. Kwesinye isikhathi, kufakwa ikhemikhali ekhethekile endaweni yamaphaphu abhidlikile. Leli khemikhali lidala ukuthi kube nesibazi. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-pleurodesis.

Uma unephaphu eliwile, kungenzeka ukuthi ube nelinye ngokuzayo uma:

• Zinde futhi zizacile
• Qhubeka nokubhema
• Ngike ngaba neziqephu ezimbili zamaphaphu eziwile esikhathini esedlule

Wenza kahle kangakanani ngemuva kokuba ube namaphaphu awelekile kuya ngokuthi kubangelwa yini.

Izinkinga zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Elinye ladilika amaphaphu ngokuzayo
• Ukushaqeka, uma kukhona ukulimala okungathi sína noma ukutheleleka, ukuvuvukala okukhulu, noma uketshezi emaphashini kuyaqala

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu zephaphu eliwile, ikakhulukazi uma uke waba nalo phambilini.

Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvikela iphaphu eliwohlokile. Ukulandela inqubo ejwayelekile kunganciphisa ubungozi be-pneumothorax lapho ushushuluza nge-scuba. Unganciphisa ubungozi ngokungabhemi.

Umoya uzungeze iphaphu; Umoya ngaphandle kwamaphaphu; I-Pneumothorax yehla iphaphu; I-pneumothorax ezenzakalelayo

• Amaphaphu
• Ukuqhuma kwe-aorta - i-x-ray yesifuba
• Pneumothorax - isifuba x-ray
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula
• Ukufaka ishubhu esifubeni - uchungechunge
• Pneumothorax - uchungechunge

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Ukukhanya RW, Lee YCG. I-Pneumothorax, i-chylothorax, i-hemothorax ne-fibrothorax. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 81.

URaja AS. Ukuhlukumezeka Thoracic. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 38.